Oral mite anaphylaxis (pancake syndrome) in Peru: an underestimated problem? / Anafilaxia por ingesta de ácaros (Síndrome da panqueca) no Peru: um problema subestimado?

Sabe-se que a urticária e o angioedema apresentam diferentes etiologias, pois podem ser de natureza alérgica, infecciosa, autoimune ou espontânea. Em episódios únicos ou recorrentes, deve-se considerar um alérgeno desencadeante oculto, como os ácaros de poeira doméstica (APDs). Vários relatos demonstraram que farinhas contaminadas com APDs podem causar urticária e angioedema, incluindo reações alérgicas graves com risco de vida quando ingeridos em grandes quantidades provenientes de farinha de trigo armazenada. Neste estudo, relatamos os achados clínicos de 31 pacientes, incluindo casos de anafilaxia após ingestão de farinha contaminada com ácaros. Também encontramos uma relação entre uma história clínica de hipersensibilidade a anti-inflamatórios não esteroides e síndrome de anafilaxia por ingesta de ácaros em pacientes atópicos, consistente com a teoria de uma "nova tríade do ácido acetilsalicílico", conforme publicado anteriormente, e agora sendo descrito pela primeira vez no Peru.

Urticaria and angioedema are known to have different etiologies, as they can be allergic, infectious, autoimmune, or spontaneous in nature. In single or recurrent episodes, a hidden triggering allergen should be considered, such as house dust mites (HDMs). Several reports have demonstrated that flours contaminated with HDMs can cause urticaria and angioedema, including severe lifethreatening allergic reactions when ingested in large quantities from stored wheat flour. In this study, we report the clinical findings in 31 patients, including cases of anaphylaxis after the ingestion of mite-contaminated flour. We also found a relationship between a clinical history of hypersensitivity to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and oral mite anaphylaxis syndrome in atopic patients, consistent with the theory of a "new aspirin triad," as previously published, and now being described for the first time in Peru.

Allergen immunotherapy, cancer, and immune disorders.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the intriguing relationships between allergies, allergen immunotherapy, cancer, and immune disorders. Allergic diseases and cancer are increasing in incidence and prevalence and a potential relationship, or not, between these diseases have been suggested for many years. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent findings suggest that there may be some causative effects between certain types of cancer and allergic diseases, as described in the text. Some types of cancer may be more linked to the presence of an allergic disease, than others. However, epigenetic factors, such as tobacco smoke alcohol and toxic substances should also be taken into consideration. SUMMARY: The association between allergy and cancer is complex and depends on the specific allergy and the specific organ under consideration. Regarding pancreatic cancer, colorectal cancer (CRC), and glioma, all types of allergies were shown to be a protective factor. Conversely, asthma is a risk factor for lung cancer as is atopic dermatitis for skin cancer. Despite extensive research, no definite relationship has been determined, and no clear relationship, either positive or negative, to allergies can be observed. These results should be corroborated with large epidemiological well designed prospective studies due to some weaknesses in the previous investigations.

Cancer: Still a contraindication for allergen immunotherapy?: Specific immunotherapy and cancer.

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is currently more than 100 years old. It is considered an evidence-based efficacious immune therapeutical treatment. It is at this time the only causative treatment for allergic respiratory and venom allergic diseases. Though clinical indications for AIT are well established, clinical contraindications to AIT differ among several guidelines. Regarding malignant neoplasia, traditionally, it has been considered as a relative or absolute contraindication with the concern that AIT might stimulate tumour growth even though pathogenic impact of AIT in cancer is not well understood. Furthermore, this contraindication is often based on observational case series, or case reports, with little real evidence-based data. Therefore, should cancer still be contemplated as an absolute contraindication for AIT?

Intervención ambiental en las enfermedades respiratorias / Environmental intervention in respiratory disease

En los últimos años hubo un aumento significativo en la prevalencia de las enfermedades alérgicas pese a los avances en la comprensión de la patogénesis, la divulgación de guías para su control y tratamiento y la aparición de nuevos fármacos. La raz ón para este aumento no está totalmente estable cida, pero se considera que múltiples factores ambientales podrían estar involucrados en ello. El aire inspirado contiene numerosos agentes nocivos además de alérgenos ambientales; el asma y la rinitis alérgica son las principales expresiones clínicas respiratorias inmediatas posteriores a su inhalación. En la antropósfera, el entorno de la superficie terrestre habitada por los humanos, se han alterado los equilibrios naturales por la emisión de múltiples sustancias y se ha producido un creciente cambio climático. Este fenómeno global influye en la calidad del aire y consecuentemente en el desarrollo de enfermedades respiratorias. Dado que la bibliografía sobre el tema del control ambiental es muy amplia, y en ocasiones difícil de interpretar para poder realizar indicaciones precisas, válidas y sencillas de cumplir por parte de los pacientes, cuatro sociedades científicas de la República Argentina, dedicadas a este tipo de enfermedades, elaboraron un documento con información de fácil acceso a todo profesional médico que trate asma y/o rinitis, que expone medidas prácticas para los enfermos y alerta a los distintos actores involucrados en la salud pública acerca de las necesidades insatisfechas en este tema tan complejo, a fin de poder elaborar una agenda para su posible resolución.

In recent years there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of allergic diseases despite advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis, the dissemination of guidelines for its management and the emergence of new drugs. The reasons for this increase are not fully established, but it is suggested that multiple environmental factors may be involved. Inhaled air contains numerous harmful agents in addition to environmental allergens. The main immediate respiratory clinical expression after inhaling this contaminated air is asthma and rhinitis. The activity of human beings has altered the outdoor environment by the emission of multiple pollutants and has produced an increasing climate change. It also has a notable impact on the development of respiratory pathology and the modification of air quality. The bibliography on the subject of environmental control is very broad and sometimes difficult to interpret. In order to be able to make precise, valid and simple indications for patients to accomplish with, four scientific societies of the Argentine Republic that deal with this type of diseases, have elaborated a document that contains information of easy access to all medical personal involved in the treatment of patients with asthma and / or rhinitis, that provides practical measures for the patients and the different public health systems about unmet needs in this complex issue.

Peptide-based allergen specific immunotherapy for the treatment of allergic disorders.

Allergen specific immunotherapy (ASIT) and environmental control are the only etiologic treatments of allergic rhino-conjunctivitis, asthma and atopic dermatitis. The clinical benefit of ASIT relies on the selection of the patients and the identification and administration of the allergen, or allergens. Different routes of administration have been investigated, including subcutaneous, intradermal, epicutaneous, sublingual, inhaled, or intra-lymphatic. While subcutaneous and sublingual allergen specific immunotherapy may require from 3 to 5 years of treatment, clinical efficacy with intra-lymphatic treatment can be achieved after 3 injections. The most severe side effect of ASIT is anaphylaxis. Novel approaches are being investigated to reduce the allergenicity of immunotherapy vaccines, maintaining immunogenicity. Peptide immunotherapy has been directed mostly against autoimmune diseases, but the use of synthetic peptides for ASIT is a promising field in basic science, applied immunology and in clinical development. Short synthetic peptides bear allergen-specific CD4 T-cell epitopes which induce tolerance by stimulating regulatory (Treg) and Th1 cells. In the present patent review, we describe new trends in allergen immunotherapy using peptides, which, from a clinical point of view, are promising.

Mite-induced inflammation: More than allergy.

Clinical observations have suggested that there is an association of atopic conditions with hypersensitivity reactions to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This relationship has been especially present in patients allergic to mites. This study was designed to review clinical and experimental evidence linking atopy, mite allergy, and hypersensitivity to aspirin and NSAIDs and discuss the possible mechanisms explaining this association. A review of the medical literature concerning the association of atopic diseases, mite hypersensitivity, and intolerance to NSAIDs using PubMed and other relevant articles is presented. NSAID-sensitive patients are frequently atopic and allergic to mites, and patients who develop oral mite anaphylaxis (OMA) show an increased prevalence of NSAID hypersensitivity. The study of atopic, mite-sensitive patients, who experience urticaria and angioedema when exposed to NSAIDs and patients with OMA suggests an interesting interaction between atopic allergy and disorders of leukotriene synthesis or metabolism. Various mechanisms that could be involved in this interaction are presented, including genetic factors, inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1, and other effects (not related to IgE sensitization) of mite constituents on the immune system. The association of mite hypersensitivity with aspirin/NSAIDs intolerance has been confirmed and provides additional clues to various nonallergic pathways that may contribute to the acute and chronic inflammatory process observed in atopic, mite-allergic, individuals. The clinical relevance of these observations is presently under investigation.

Anafilaxia oral por alimentos contaminados por ácaros: (síndrome de las panquecas) / Oral anaphylaxis by mite contaminated food: (the pancake syndrome)

La anafilaxia oral por ácaros es un nuevo síndrome caracterizado por síntomas alérgicos graves que se presentan en individuos alérgicos rápidamente después de la ingestion de alimentos confeccionados con harinas de trigo contaminadas con ácaros. Este síndrome más común en ambientes tropicales, es desencadenado más frecuentemente por panquecas y por ello ha sido designado "el síndrome de las panquecas". Se postula que los alergenos responsables son alergenos termorresistentes ya que los alimentos cocinados son capaces de inducir los síntomas. Una variedad del síndrome puede presentarse durante el ejercicio físico (anafilaxia inducida por ejercicio asociada a la ingestión de polvo con ácaros). Se recomienda conservar las harinas de trigo en el refrigerador para prevenir la proliferación de los ácaros y la aparición del cuadro clínico.

Oral mite anaphylaxis is a new syndrome characterized by severe allergic symptoms occurring in allergic patients immediately after the intake of foods made with mite-contaminated wheat flour. This syndrome, which is more common in tropical environments, is triggered more aften by pancakes and for that reason it has been designated "the pancake syndrome". Since cooked foods are able to induce the symptoms, it has been suggested that thermoresistant allergens are involved. A variety of this syndrome can occur during physical exercise (dust mite-ingestion associated exercise induced anaphylaxis). In order to prevent mite proliferation and the production of the clinical picture it is recommended to store wheat flours in the refrigerator.

Anafilaxia induzida por farinha de trigocontaminada por ácaros / Dust mite-contaminated wheat tiour induced anaphylaxis

Objetivo: Documentar o segundo caso brasileiro de alergia oral acarina com anafilaxia e o primeiro relato envolvendo farinha de trigo contaminada, neste caso com o ácaro de estocagem Aleuroglyphus ovatus.Métodos: Análise investigativa para ácaros através da microscopia ótica, utilizando características taxonômicas, de amostras da farinha de trigo contaminada, utilizada na preparaçãode empadas, associada ao quadro de anafilaxia apresentado.Resultados: Presença do ácaro de estocagem Aleuroglyphus ovatus na farinha de trigo (300 ácaros por grama de farinha), associada ao quadro de anafilaxia.Conclusões: É apresentado um caso grave de anafilaxia oral acarina após a ingestão de empada preparada com farinha de trigo contaminada com o ácaro de estocagem Aleuroglyphusovatus. A paciente apresentava alergia respiratória (asma e rinite) aos ácaros da poeira de casa (Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis e Lépidoglyphus destructor), desenvolvendo anafilaxia imediatamenteapós a primeira mordida desta empada de elaboração caseira. Apresentava também idiossincrasia com aspirina, antiinflamatórios não-esteroidais e pirazolonas (angioedema facial e edemade glote). Reações antigênicas cruzadas entre os vários ácaros domésticos estão muito bem documentadas. Toda farinhade trigo ou de outros grãos deverá ser sempre armazenada congelada, e depois constantemente refrigerada, para evitara proliferação de ácaros.

Objective: To document the second Brazilian case of oral mite allergy with anaphylaxis and the first report involving contaminated wheat flour, in this particular case with the storagemite Aleuroglyphus ovatus.Methods: Analysis for mites of the wheat flour samples, used to prepare pancakes, associated with the anaphylactic reaction through light microscopy using taxonomic keys.Results: Presence of the storage mite Aleuroglyphus ovatus in the wheat flour (total of 300 Aleuroglyphus ovatus mites per gram of flour), that triggered the anaphylactic reaction.Conclusions: It is presented a case of severe oral mite anaphylaxis following the ingestion of a pancake made ofwheat flour contaminated with the storage mite Aleuroglyphus ovatus. This patient has house dust mite allergic asthma and rhinitis (Dermatophagoides farinae, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Blomia tropicalis and Lepidoglyphus destructor), anddeveloped anaphylaxis immediately after the first bite of this home made pancake. 5he also presented intolerance to aspírin, non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and pyrazolones(facial angioedema and laryngeal edema). Antigenic cross reactions among several domestic mites are well documented. Ali grain flours including the ones obtained from wheat shouldalways be stored frozen followed by constant refrigeration, in order to prevent mite proliferation.

Enzymatic activity of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus extracts after acidic treatment.

BACKGROUND: Mite extracts contain potent enzymes. These enzymes, especially Der p 1, may affect the bronchial homeostasis and the amplification of the allergic response. The objectives of this study were to determine how depigmentation affects the enzymatic activity of allergen extracts of Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and to verify if these depigmented extracts retain their in vitro allergenic properties. METHODS: Four native extracts were manufactured from 4 different batches of raw material of D. pteronyssinus. Once extracted, native extracts were reconstituted and modified by adding increasing quantities of 2 M HCl to the solution and dialyzed against double-distilled water. The enzymatic activity of these 8 extracts (4 native and 4 depigmented) was evaluated using in vitro methods. The allergenic potency was evaluated by human specific IgE and IgG ELISA inhibition experiments. The major allergen content (Der p 1 and Der p 2) was measured with monoclonal antibodies. RESULTS: Protease, phosphatase, lipase and glycosidase activity was detected in native extracts. After depigmentation, all the enzymatic activities showed a significant decrease. SDS-PAGE reveals the same protein profile in both types of extracts. The results of ELISA inhibition confirmed that depigmented extracts preserved their antigenic and allergenic capacity. Der p 2 levels increased in depigmented extracts, while the detection capacity of Der p 1 decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The depigmentation process significantly reduced the enzymatic activity of these mite extracts, while preserving their allergenicity and antigenicity. No significant differences were observed in the antigenic profile of native and depigmented extracts.

Enzymatic activity in body and fecal extracts of the storage mite Chortoglyphus arcuatus.

BACKGROUND: Chortoglyphus arcuatus has been described in many countries. Many allergens are potent enzymes, which may promote a Th2 immune response. The aim of this study was to evaluate the enzymatic activity of body and fecal extracts of C. arcuatus. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Feces and bodies of full-grown C. arcuatus cultures were separated by sieving, extracted in PBS, dialyzed and lyophilized. The antigenic profile of both extracts was determined by SDS-PAGE. Immunoblot experiments were conducted using a pool of sera from allergic individuals residing in Galicia, a region of Spain, where this species is abundant. The enzymatic activity of the extracts was evaluated by the zymogram technique. Serine and cysteine protease activity was measured using in vitro methods. The API Zym system was used to determine the enzymatic properties of the extracts. RESULTS: The antigenic profile showed that the body extract contained more and better defined bands than the fecal extract. Allergens were detected in both extracts in a molecular weight range between 14 and 100 kDa. Gelatinolytic gels confirmed that fecal extracts contain more hydrolytic enzymatic activity than body extracts. Serine protease activity in fecal extracts was higher than in body extracts (5.98 vs. 2.701 IU of trypsin/mg of freeze-dried material). No cysteine protease activity was detected. CONCLUSION: C. arcuatus extracts contain several allergens and proteins with high enzymatic activity, especially in the feces. Some of these allergens may be enzymes. Fecal extracts have more enzymatic activity than body extracts.

Latex allergy in healthcare workers: an epidemiological study in a Spanish hospital.

To design an effective prevention program in health care workers who are allergic to latex it is necessary to know the current epidemiological situation. The objectives were to determine the main factors associated with latex allergy and to quantify levels of airborne latex particles in different areas of our hospital. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a questionnaire completed by health care workers. Those who answered the first questionnaire were given a second one to fill out and an allergological study (skin-prick test and latex-specific IgE antibodies) was performed. Latex aeroallergen particles were collected with a Quan-tec-air in different areas of the hospital. The first questionnaire was sent to 2551 health care workers. Eight hundred forty-one (33.14%) subjects returned the completed questionnaire and were given the second questionnaire. One hundred fifty-four completed second questionnaire. We identified 28 patients who were allergic to latex, and 126 patients who were not allergic to latex. In the allergic population there were more nurses aides. More allergic patients were found in the Surgery Department, Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and Vascular Radiology Unit (VRU). Allergic patients were more likely to use a higher number of latex gloves and during more hours than nonallergic workers. In the Surgery Department, ICU, VRU, and Laboratory Department more pairs of latex gloves were used and during more hours. The medium level of latex aeroallergens in 24 determinations in 14 areas of the hospital was 8.12 ng/m3 (SD, 13.32 ng/m3; range, 0.3-57.7 ng/m3). The higher levels were found in Laboratory (n = 2; mean (M) 23; SD, 25.95 ng/m3) and Surgery Departments (n = 11; M, 7.43; SD, 16.98 ng/m3; Kruskal Wallis test, p = 0.09). Latex allergy is an important health problem for health care workers, especially for those working in surgical areas or in those places where more latex gloves are used; in these areas higher levels of airborne latex particles are found. We should take into account these data to design an effective secondary prevention program.

Mite and cockroach sensitization in allergic patients from Caracas, Venezuela.

BACKGROUND: Mites and cockroaches are important allergen sources in most countries, especially in the tropics. They have been incriminated as the cause of the increased prevalence of inhalant allergen sensitization that has occurred in many areas of Latin America. OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of sensitization to mites and cockroaches in allergic patients from Caracas, Venezuela. METHODS: Patients who attended the allergy clinics of two medical institutions, one public and the other private, were skin tested with two mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and Blomia tropicalis) and six cockroach extracts (Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta fuliginosa, Periplaneta australasiae, Blattella germanica, Blattella orientalis, Supella longipalpis) by the skin prick method. The socioeconomic level of the patients was determined by a modification of the Graffar method. RESULTS: Of the 176 patients included in the study, sensitization to D. pteronyssinus was present in 97.2% of the patients and sensitivity to B tropicalis in 91.6%, whereas skin prick test results to at least one cockroach extract were positive in 83.1% of the atopic patients. An increased sensitization rate to cockroach allergens was observed in patients from lower socioeconomic levels and those attending the public institution. CONCLUSIONS: Because of the high sensitization rates observed in this study, we propose that mite and cockroach allergens are important inducers of symptoms in allergic patients in Caracas. People from low socioeconomic levels and those who live with inadequate hygienic conditions show higher degrees of sensitization to cockroach allergen.

Sensibilizaçäo aos ácaros domésticos em crianças atópicas e näo-atópicas de Recife, PE, Brasil / Sensibilization to domestic mites in atopic children living in Recife, PE, Brazil

Objetivo: Avaliar a sensibilizaçäo aos ácaros domésticos: Blomia Tropicalis (Bt), Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (Dp), Dermatophagoides farinae (Df), Lepidoglyphus destructor (Ld), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (Tp) eEuroglyphus maynei (Em), em populaçäo de crianças residentes em Recife, PE, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo tipo caso-controle com 40 crianças com idades entre seis e dez anos e de bom nível sócio-econômico. Essas crianças foram divididas em dois grupos: asmático (n=20) e controle näo-asmático (n=20). As crianças controles näo tinham manifestaçäo de asma e sim antecedentes familiares de asma. Para avaliaçäo da sensibilizaçäo foram submetidos a testes cutâneos de hipersensibilidade imediata empregando-se bateria de extratos padronizados de ácaros domésticos (Bt, Dp, Df, Ld, Tp e Em), cedidos por EFC, e a determinaçäo dos níveis de IgE sérica específica (radioallergosorbent test) a Dp e Bt. Na análise dos resultados utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado e a razäo dos produtos cruzados (Odds ratio) considerando-se como significante os valores de p <0,05. A concordância entre os resultados do teste cutâneo e presença de IgE sérica específica ao Dp e à Bt foi avaliado pelo teste de Kappa. Resultados: A sensibilizaçäo à Bt (95 por cento) e ao Dp (70 por cento) foram maiores que a dos demais ácaros , sobretudo entre os asmáticos quando comparados aos näo-asmáticos (40 por cento vezes 20 por cento respectivamente). Concordância significante foi observada entre os resultados do teste cutâneo e a presença de IgE sérica especifica à Bt (Kw=0,62) e ao Dp (Kw=0,41).

Prevalence of skin reactions to aeroallergens in asthmatics of Puerto Rico

In Puerto Rico, although a high prevalence of asthma has been reported, the sensitization rates to aeroallergens in these patients is unknown. The purpose of this study using a case control design, was to determine and compare the rates of sensitization to common aeroallergens in an asthmatic population of 576 asthmatics and 144 healthy controls. A skin prick test was conducted using standardized extracts of Dermatophagoides farinae (Df) and D. pteronyssinus (Dp), house dust (HD), cat hair and epithelium (CT), dog hair and dander (DG), grass pollen mix (PG), tree pollen mix (PT), weed pollen mix (PW), Aspergillus mix (AM), mold mixes A (MA) and B (MB), Periplaneta americana (PA) and Alternaria-Hormodendrum mix (AH). In addition, an extract from the domestic mite Blomia tropicalis (Bt) was also used. A wheal > or = 3 mm2 was considered a positive reaction. In addition, a standardized questionnaire was administered and a preliminary domestic mite identification survey was conducted. The analysis of the data showed that 85.8 of the asthmatics had at least one positive reaction and 61.6 of them had positive skin reactions to atleast one mite species. Asthmatics reacted to domestic mites 6.19 times more than the control group (p < 0.0001) and was the largest significant difference found in this study for any allergen tested. Preliminary identification of the acarologic fauna in southern Puerto Rico demonstrated that Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, D. farinae and E.maynei are the dominant domestic mite species found in homes of asthmatic individuals. These results demonstrate that domestic mites are a very important source of sensitizing aeroallergens for asthmatic patients in Puerto Rico. Based upon the mite survey, Blomia tropicalis plays an important role in allergic sensitization, in addition to Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae. The skin prevalence to pollens and to molds may not reflect the true prevalence of sensitization to these allergens. Pollen identification and counts, and a survey of microflora of Puerto Rico are needed in order to identify and validate important allergens that eventually could be incorporated into a more appropria).te panel for testing sensitization in susceptible individuals

Acaros da poeira domiciliar em residências de crianças asmáticas e controles da cidade de Recife - Pernambuco / Mites of domestic dust in housing with asthmatic children and control groups from city of Recife - Pernambuco

Com o intuito de identificar as espécies de ácaros domésticos presentes na poeira de residências da cidade de Recife, foram analisadas amostras obtidas em 40 delas, sendo 20 de crianças asmáticas (A) e 20 de controles nÒo-asmáticas (C). As amostras foram colhidas nas camas dessas crianças após aspiraçäo de área de 1m2 durante 2 minutos. Com auxílio de microscópio estereoscópico foram contados o número de ácaros e expressos por grama de poeira. Näo foram observadas diferenças entre o número de ácaros encontrados nas residências dos A (414.603/grama de pó) e dos C (313.154/grama de pó). Näo observamos relaçäo significante entre temperatura, umidade relativa do ar e número de ácaros. Após contagem, parte foi clarificada e fixada em meio de Hoyer para sua identificaçäo. Encontrou-se ácaros em 85 por cento das casas avaliadas e os mais prevalentes foram: D.pteronyssinus e Blomia tropicalis.

Características imunológicas da sensibilizaçäo acarina respiratória no Rio de Janeiro / Immunological characterization of the respiratory mite sensitization in Rio de Janeiro

Os dados imunológicos da sensibilizaçao acarina respiratória no Rio de Janeiro foram obtidos através da correlaçao entre os resultados de testes alérgicos cutâneos, RAST séricos, análises qualitativa e quatitativa microscópicas acarinas de amostras de poeira domiciliar e a determinaçao simultânea da concentraçao de antígenos Der p I Der f I. Os resultados demonstram a importância dos ácaros Dermatophagoides petronyssinus e Blomia tropicalis na patogênese da asma e/ou rinite alérgicas em nosso meio.

Sensibilización a Blomia tropicalis en pacientes con rinitis y asma en Rosario / Sensitizacion to Blomia tropicalis in patients with rhinitis and asthma in Rosario

El objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer la prevalencia de sensibilidad cutánea a Blomia tropicalis, Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, Dermatophagoides farinae, Lepidoglyphus destructor, Tyrophagus putrescentiae, Acarus siro y a otros alérgenos en un grupo de pacientes con rinitis y/o asma y de controles en el área del gran Rosario. Se incluyeron un total de 67 pacientes, de los cuales 21 tenían rinitis alérgica, 16 asma, 20 rinitis y asma y 10, síntomas respiratorios no atópicos. También se incluyeron 27 controles sin síntomas alérgicos respiratorios. Se realizaron la determinación de la IgE total y pruebas cutáneas por prick test a B. tropicalis y otros alérgenos en todos los casos. Los niveles de IgE entre los grupos resultaron significativamente diferentes (p<0,05). La frecuencia de sensibilización cutánea a B. tropicalis en el grupo de riníticos fue 61,9 por ciento, en el grupo de asmáticos, 87,5 por ciento, y en el de asmáticos con rinitis, 90 por ciento; ningún paciente con asma y/o rinitis no alérgica y ningún control tuvo una respuesta positiva. La frecuencia de sensibilización simultánea a más de un alergeno fue ò85 por ciento en el grupo de atópicos. Los 6 ácaros evaluados fueron los que presentaron una mayor frecuencia de sensibilización (ò58 por ciento) seguidos por Alternaria con el 8,8 por ciento. Ocho de los 57 pacientes atópicos (14 por ciento) presentaron reactividad cutánea exclusivamente a B. tropicalis. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten concluir que 1) una alta proporción de pacientes atópicos es sensible a B. tropicalis en la zona del gran Rosario; 2) la prevalencia de dicha sensibilidad es mayor en pacientes con asma y rinitis alérgica; 3) un alto porcentaje de pacientes sensibles a B. tropicalis también lo es a otros ácaros; 4) existe un grupo de pacientes (8/57) tiene sensibilidad exclusiva a B. tropicalis; 5) ningún control sano o sintomático no atópico presentó reacción cutánea a la concentración más alta de B. tropicalis y 6) el extracto de B. tropicalis usado ha demostrado una alta sensibilidad y especificidad