Comparison of liposomal gel with and without addition of chamomile for prevention of radiation dermatitis in head and neck cancer patients: A randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Head and neck cancer patients frequently develop radiation dermatitis (RD) during radiotherapy. We compared liposomal gel with and without chamomile extract for the prevention and management of RD in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty participants undergoing radiotherapy for the first time for head and neck cancer were recruited in a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Primary outcomes were the occurrence of dry desquamation and the cumulative dose of ionizing radiation at the first occurrence of dry desquamation. Secondary outcomes were the occurrence of erythema, moist desquamation, global RD, and participant self-reported symptoms. RESULTS: Dry desquamation occurred in 76.9 % (95 % CI: 57.9, 89.0) of participants in the chamomile liposomal gel group and in 88.9 % (95 % CI: 71.9, 96.1) in the liposomal gel group (p = 0.43). The median cumulative dose of ionizing radiation when dry desquamation occurred was 48.0 Gy in the chamomile liposomal gel group and 40.0 Gy in the liposomal gel group. Fewer symptoms were reported in the chamomile liposomal gel group. CONCLUSION: No statistically significant differences in outcomes were found between the two groups, though the chamomile liposomal gel group presented with lower grades of RD than the liposomal gel group. In addition, when compared to the literature on other topical interventions to manage RD, our results show that chamomile liposomal gel has potential for better management and prevention of RD in this population, which should be further tested. This study provides crucial information to design future studies. Clinical Trials Registration (REBEC): RBR-92cts3.

Hyaluronic acid to manage radiotoxicities in gynecological cancer patients: a scoping review.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to map the use of hyaluronic acid (HA) in preventing and controlling radiotoxicity in women with gynecological cancer undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS: We conducted a scoping review of eight electronic databases: CINAHL, Cochrane CENTRAL, LILACS, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, LIVIVO, and the Web of Science Core Collection. In addition, a grey literature search was performed using Google Scholar and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. A manual search was also identified additional references. The search was conducted on May 18, 2023. We included primary studies, reviews, and guidelines that discussed the use of HA to prevent and manage the toxicities resulting from gynecological radiotherapy. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were included in this scoping review, published between 2009 and 2022. There was heterogeneity in the use of HA, particularly in the method of application (moisturizing gel, vaginal ovules, spacer gel, and bladder instillations). Furthermore, the radiotoxicities varied among studies, encompassing, among others, vaginal atrophy, dryness, dyspareunia, telangiectasis, adhesions, vaginal stenosis, bleeding, hematuria, and bladder issues. Most studies addressed the potential benefits of HA in managing the signs and symptoms resulting from radiotherapy. CONCLUSION: HA has been utilized in clinical practice, in various formulations, for managing signs and symptoms in patients with gynecological cancer undergoing radiotherapy. However, further studies are necessary to thoroughly investigate the most effective method of HA application and its effectiveness in managing radiotoxicity.

Prevalence of PICC-related thrombosis in patients with hematological malignancies: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: To estimate the prevalence of peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC)-related venous thrombosis in patients with hematological malignancies. METHODS: A systematic review of observational studies that evaluated the occurrence of PICC-related venous thrombosis in children, adults, and older people with hematological malignancies was conducted. Searches were carried out on June 12th, 2023 on PubMed, CINAHL, Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, and LILACS, and to gray literature on Google Scholar, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Eligibility criteria were applied independently by two reviewers, first on the titles and abstracts on the Rayyan platform and then on the full text of eligible studies. Risk of bias was assessed by the JBI checklist. Data were summarized descriptively, and the meta-analysis was carried out using the MetaXL 5.3 software. The review followed JBI guidelines and PRISMA for reporting. RESULTS: In the 40 studies included, prevalence of PICC-related venous thrombosis was 9% in general, 9% in adults, and 6% in children with hematological malignancies. Most studies only evaluated cases of symptomatic thrombosis (n = 25; 64%). CONCLUSION: Patients with hematological malignancies using PICC have an estimated prevalence of PICC-related venous thrombosis of 9%, and this rate may be underestimated due to the consideration of mostly symptomatic cases.

Teaching-Learning Programs to Prevent and Control Infections Related to Long-Term Central Venous Access Device in Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effectiveness of teaching-learning programs for cancer patients and/or their caregivers or family in preventing and controlling infections associated with long-term central venous access devices. DATA SOURCES: This systematic review used the CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, LILACS, and MEDLINE via PubMed portal, Scopus, and Web of Science. Google Scholar was used for the gray literature search. The included studies were analyzed, and the obtained data were qualitatively synthesized. The risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane tools: RoB 2 and ROBINS-I. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021267530). CONCLUSION: The teaching-learning programs were implemented through theoretical-practical and theoretical dimensions in five and two studies, respectively. The risk of bias in the studies was low, moderate, severe, and high in one, three, two, and one of them, respectively. The certainty was very low. Teaching-learning programs on central venous access devices care for cancer patients and/or their caregivers or families could be effective in reducing infection rates. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: This systematic review addressed the teaching-learning programs for preventing and controlling infections associated with long-term central venous access devices. We identified that the most programs were effective in reducing the infection rates. The results may influence the clinical practice of oncology nurses, and consequently, the educational strategies and methods provided not only to these patients but for caregivers and families.

Potential Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms markers for radiation dermatitis in head and neck cancer patients: a meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To identify potential Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of susceptibility for the development of acute radiation dermatitis in head and neck cancer patients, and also to verify the association between SNPs and the severity of RD. METHODS: This systematic review was reported according to the PRISMA guideline. The proportion meta-analysis was performed to identify the prevalence of genetic markers by geographical region and radiation dermatitis severity. The meta-analysis was performed to verify the association between genetic markers and RD severity. The certainty of the evidence was assessed by GRADE. RESULTS: Thirteen studies were included. The most prevalent SNPs were XRCC3 (rs861639) (36%), TGFß1 (rs1800469) (35%), and RAD51 (rs1801321) (34%). There are prevalence studies in Europe and Asia, with a similar prevalence for all SNPs (29-40%). The prevalence was higher in patients who developed radiation dermatitis ≤2 for any subtype of genes (75-76%). No SNP showed a statistically significant association with very low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSION: The most prevalent SNPs may be predictors of acute RD. The analysis of SNP before starting radiation therapy may be a promising method to predict the risk of developing radiation dermatitis and allow radiosensitive patients to have a customized treatment. This current review provides new research directions.

Lesão renal aguda em pacientes adultos com COVID-19: revisão integrativa / Lesión renal aguda en pacientes adultos con COVID-19: revisión integradora / Acute kidney injury in adult patients with COVID-19: an integrative review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar a frequência de lesão renal aguda (LRA) em pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19, as características associadas, a mortalidade e a letalidade. Métodos Revisão realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science e, na literatura cinzenta (Google Acadêmico) em 12 de janeiro de 2022. Foram incluídos artigos em inglês, espanhol e português, publicados a partir de novembro 2019 até janeiro de 2022, em pacientes maiores de 18 anos com COVID-19 hospitalizados e LRA conforme critério Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Os estudos selecionados foram lidos na íntegra para extração, interpretação, síntese e categorização conforme nível de evidência. Resultados 699 artigos encontrados e 45 incluídos. A idade avançada, sexo masculino, hipertensão, doença renal crônica, ventilação mecânica, aumento da proteína C reativa, uso de drogas vasoativas e de determinadas classes de anti-hipertensivos foram associados a LRA. A LRA está relacionada à maior frequência de mortalidade. Em 30% dos pacientes hospitalizados com COVID-19 houve LRA. A taxa de mortalidade por LRA foi de 5% e a letalidade de 18%. Conclusão Estes resultados ressaltam a relevância da LRA como uma complicação significativa da COVID-19 e sugerem que um controle mais cuidadoso e precoce dos fatores associados poderia potencialmente reduzir a mortalidade e a letalidade. É crucial intensificar a pesquisa nesse campo para esclarecer melhor os mecanismos envolvidos na lesão renal em pacientes com COVID-19, bem como identificar estratégias terapêuticas mais efetivas para sua prevenção e tratamento nesse contexto.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar la frecuencia de lesión renal aguda (LRA) en pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19, las características relacionadas, la mortalidad y la letalidad. Métodos Revisión realizada en las bases de datos CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science y en la literatura gris (Google Académico) el 12 de enero de 2022. Se incluyeron artículos en inglés, español y portugués, publicados a partir de noviembre de 2019 hasta enero de 2022, con pacientes mayores de 18 años con COVID-19 hospitalizados y LRA de acuerdo con el criterio Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO). Los estudios seleccionados fueron leídos en su totalidad para extracción, interpretación, síntesis y categorización según el nivel de evidencia. Resultados Se encontraron 699 artículos y se incluyeron 45. Los factores relacionados con la LRA fueron: edad avanzada, sexo masculino, hipertensión, enfermedad renal crónica, ventilación mecánica, aumento de la proteína C reactiva, uso de drogas vasoactivas y de determinadas clases de antihipertensivos. La LRA está relacionada con mayor frecuencia de mortalidad. En el 30 % de los pacientes hospitalizados con COVID-19 hubo LRA. La tasa de mortalidad por LRA fue de 5 % y la letalidad de 18 %. Conclusión Estos resultados resaltan la relevancia de la LRA como una complicación significativa de COVID-19 y sugieren que un control más cuidadoso y temprano de los factores asociados podría reducir potencialmente la mortalidad y la letalidad. Es crucial intensificar la investigación en este campo para explicar mejor los mecanismos relacionados con la lesión renal en pacientes con COVID-19, así como identificar estrategias terapéuticas más efectivas para su prevención y tratamiento en este contexto.

Abstract Objective To identify the frequency of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, associated characteristics, mortality and lethality. Methods Integrative review carried out in the databases CINAHL, Embase, LILACS, Livivo, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and in the grey literature (Google Scholar) on January 12, 2022. Articles were included in English, Spanish and Portuguese, published from November 2019 to January 2022, in hospitalized patients over 18 years old with COVID-19 and AKI according to the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The selected studies were read in full for extraction, interpretation, synthesis and categorization according to the level of evidence. Results A total of 699 articles were found and 45 included. Older age, male gender, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, mechanical ventilation, increased C-reactive protein, use of vasoactive drugs and certain classes of antihypertensives were associated with AKI. AKI is related to a higher frequency of mortality. AKI occurred in 30% of patients hospitalized with COVID-19. The mortality rate from AKI was 5% and the case fatality rate was 18%. Conclusion These results highlight the relevance of AKI as a significant complication of COVID-19 and suggest that more careful and early control of associated factors could potentially reduce mortality and lethality. It is crucial to intensify research in this field to better clarify the mechanisms involved in kidney injury in COVID-19 patients, as well as to identify more effective therapeutic strategies for its prevention and treatment in this context.

Instruments and scales for the evaluation of acute radiation dermatitis: A systematic review.

Various assessment instruments have been proposed to document and evaluate radiation dermatitis. In this systematic review, we identified nineteen instruments or scales for the evaluation of radiation dermatitis and performed a critical review of the signs and symptoms included in each of them. Of those scales, only two have been validated. There is a need to revise the currently used instruments so to improve their capability to measure all relevant aspects of radiation dermatitis and their severity. In addition, it would be important to add the patients' view of their conditions and how they affect their lives. Finally, in order to be useful in clinical and research settings, instruments for evaluation of radiation dermatitis should be submitted to the validation process that is currently prescribed in the field of outcome measures development.

Effects of oral supplementation to manage radiation dermatitis in cancer patients: a systematic review.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral supplementation as a radioprotective intervention in the management of radiation dermatitis (RD). METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Six databases and the gray literature were searched for randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs). Meta-analysis was performed only with studies that evaluated the same intervention. Methodology of included studies was evaluated by the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2.0), and the certainty of evidence was assessed by the GRADE instrument. RESULTS: Seventeen RCTs were included in this review. These evaluated different types of oral supplementations. Findings from three meta-analyses demonstrated no significant benefits to the more severe grades of RD, as oral curcuminoids (RR, 0.59; 95% CI, 0.27 to 1.29; P = 0.19; I2 = 88%), glutamine (RR, 0.40; 95% CI, 0.15 to 1.03; P = 0.06; I2 = 78%) or Wobe-Mugos (RR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.29 to 1.14; P = 0.11; I2 = 72%). Also, the certainty of the evidence of outcomes evaluated was moderate or low. Except for a few gastrointestinal adverse events, oral supplementation was well tolerated. CONCLUSION: Most oral supplements cannot yet be recommended to manage RD due to insufficient or conflicting evidence. However, despite no significant results, glutamine was shown to be a promising substance in terms of the potential radioprotective effect and may be well tolerated. These results suggest that more RCTs with larger samples are needed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and tolerance of glutamine in the management of RD.

Incidence of radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients during hypofractionated radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence, dose of occurrence, grade, severity, and associated risk factors for the development of radiodermatitis, by area of the irradiated breast, in women with breast cancer, during hypofractionated radiotherapy. METHOD: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, according to the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, carried out between May 2019 and May 2021. RESULTS: A total of 104 women participated in the study, and 73.1% (95%CI: 64-82) developed signs of radiodermatitis during treatment. The majority (63.5%, 95%CI: 54-73) developed erythema in the axillary region with about 36.5 Grays. Women with large breasts and statin users are more likely to develop radiodermatitis. However, women with Phototype III skin color classification (light brown skin) are less likely to develop radiodermatitis, with skin color being a protective factor. CONCLUSION: The incidence of radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer during hypofractionated radiotherapy is significant. Therefore, the development of protocols for the management of this radiotoxicity is suggested, considering the cumulative dose and associated risk factors.

Cuidados de enfermagem em emergências oncológicas: revisão integrativa / Atención de enfermería en emergencias oncológicas: revisión integradora / Nursing care in oncological emergencies: integrative review

Objetivo: Identificar os cuidados de enfermagem descritos na literaturapara o manejo das emergências oncológicas. Método: Revisão integrativa, cuja busca foi realizada nas bases de dados CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science e Google Acadêmico. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando as ferramentas do Joanna Briggs Institute. O nível da evidência foi avaliado usando a escala do Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. Resultados: Foram identificados 17 estudos abordando cuidados de enfermagem para o manejo de 9 emergências oncológicas, sendo as mais frequentes: hipercalcemia (n=4), síndrome de lise tumoral (n=3), síndrome da veia cava superior (n=3) e neutropenia febril (n=3). Os cuidados de enfermagem contemplam aspectos fisiológicos e psicológicos da doença. O risco de viés foi baixo a moderado na maioria dos estudos. Conclusão: Os estudos destacam cuidados integrais de observação e monitoramento do paciente. Conhecer os cuidados de enfermagem para emergências oncológicas são essenciais para melhorar a qualidade da assistência.

Objective: To identify the nursing care described for the management of oncological emergencies. Method: Integrative review, carried out in the CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases. The risk of bias was assessed using the tools of the Joanna Briggs Institute. The level of evidence was assessed using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine scale. Results: 17 studies were identified addressing nursing care for the management of 9 oncological emergencies, with the most frequent beingabout: hypercalcemia (n = 4), tumor lysis syndrome (n = 3), superior vena cava syndrome (n = 3) and febrile neutropenia (n = 3). Nursing care includes physiological and psychological aspects of the disease. The risk of bias was low to moderate in most studies. Conclusion: The studies provide comprehensive observation and monitoring care for the patient. Knowing nursing care for oncological emergencies is essential to improve the quality of care.

Objetivo: Identificar los cuidados de enfermería para el manejo de emergencias oncológicas. Método: Revisión integrativa, realizada en CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS,PubMed, SCOPUS, Web of Science y Google Scholar. El riesgo de sesgo se evaluó mediante herramientas del Joanna Briggs Institute. El nivel de evidencia se evaluó mediante la escala del Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine. Resultados: 17 estudios abordaran la atención de enfermería para el manejo de 9 emergencias oncológicas, siendo las más frecuentes: hipercalcemia (n = 4), síndrome de lisis tumoral (n = 3), síndrome de vena cava superior (n = 3) y neutropenia febril (n = 3). La atención de enfermería incluye los aspectos fisiológicos y psicológicos. El riesgo de sesgo fue de bajo a moderado en la mayoría de los estudios. Conclusión: Los estudios brindan atención de seguimiento y observación del paciente. Conocer la atención de enfermería para emergencias oncológicas es fundamental para mejorar la atención.

Use of Chamomile Infusion to Mitigate Radiotherapy-Induced Dry Desquamation in Head and Neck Cancer Patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effect of using a compress with Chamomilla recutita infusion in the regression of dry desquamation and in the prevention of moist desquamation in head and neck cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. METHODS: A prospective intervention study was carried out from May 2019 to May 2021. In total, 43 participants were included, who were instructed to apply the compress with the infusion 3 times a day, after occurrence of dry desquamation. Skin evaluation took place daily from initiation of the intervention up to the end of radiotherapy. RESULTS: All the participants presented dry desquamation regression, where 65.1% (95% CI 50.1-78.1) had total regression until the end of radiotherapy, with a mean of 9 days of regression. Only 34.9% (95% CI 21.8-49.9) of the participants developed moist desquamation by the end of the radiotherapy sessions, with a mean accumulated dose of ionizing radiation of 50.9 Gy. CONCLUSION: This study highlighted the potential clinical benefits of using Chamomilla recutita in the regression of dry desquamation and in the prevention of moist desquamation.

Single nucleotide polymorphisms to predict acute radiation dermatitis in breast cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To identify Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) that can predict acute radiation dermatitis (RD) in breast cancer patients (BC), and the association between SNPs and RD severity. METHODS: We performed the search in seven databases and the gray literature, and a meta-analysis to assess SNPs in patients with RD and to evaluate the association between SNPs and severe RD. RESULTS: We included sixteen single-arm cohort studies with 4742 BC. The most prevalent SNPs were the TGFß1 rs1800469 (41%), and the GSTA1 rs3957356 (36%). Seven genotypes were associated with severe RD (PTTG1 rs3811999-CC; PTTG1 rs2961950-AA; MAD2L2 rs2294638-GG; MAT1A rs2282367-GG; GSTA1 rs3957356-CT; CD44 rs8193-CT; SH3GL1 rs243336-GC) and five SNPs were associated with lower RD (PTTG1 rs2961952-GG; CD44 rs8193-CC; PTTG1 rs3811999-CT; MAT1A rs2282367-GA; OGG1 rs2075747-AA). CONCLUSIONS: The genotyping of SNPs more prevalent may be a strategy for predicting RD in BC, and some genotypes (GSTA1 rs3957356-CT; MAT1A rs2282367-GG) are associated with severe RD.

Incidence of radiodermatitis in breast cancer patients during hypofractionated radiotherapy / Incidencia de radiodermatitis en pacientes con cáncer de mama durante la radioterapia hipofraccionada / Incidência de radiodermatite em pacientes com câncer de mama durante a radioterapia hipofracionada

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the incidence, dose of occurrence, grade, severity, and associated risk factors for the development of radiodermatitis, by area of the irradiated breast, in women with breast cancer, during hypofractionated radiotherapy. Method: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, according to the guidelines of the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, carried out between May 2019 and May 2021. Results: A total of 104 women participated in the study, and 73.1% (95%CI: 64-82) developed signs of radiodermatitis during treatment. The majority (63.5%, 95%CI: 54-73) developed erythema in the axillary region with about 36.5 Grays. Women with large breasts and statin users are more likely to develop radiodermatitis. However, women with Phototype III skin color classification (light brown skin) are less likely to develop radiodermatitis, with skin color being a protective factor. Conclusion: The incidence of radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer during hypofractionated radiotherapy is significant. Therefore, the development of protocols for the management of this radiotoxicity is suggested, considering the cumulative dose and associated risk factors.

RESUMEN Objectivo: Analizar la incidencia, dosis de ocurrencia, grado, severidad y factores de riesgo asociados para el desarrollo de radiodermatitis, por área de la mama irradiada, en mujeres con cáncer de mama, durante radioterapia hipofraccionada. Método: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal, según las directrices del Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, realizado entre mayo de 2019 y mayo de 2021. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 104 mujeres, el 73,1% (IC 95%: 64-82) desarrollaron signos de radiodermatitis durante el tratamiento. La mayoría (63,5%, IC95%: 54-73) desarrolló eritema en la región axilar con alrededor de 36,5 Grays. Las mujeres con senos grandes y usuarias de estatinas tienen más probabilidades de desarrollar radiodermatitis. Sin embargo, las mujeres con color de piel clasificado como Fototipo III (piel morena clara) tienen menos probabilidades de desarrollar radiodermatitis, siendo el color de piel un factor protector. Conclusión: La incidencia de radiodermatitis en mujeres con cáncer de mama durante la radioterapia hipofraccionada es significativa. Por lo tanto, se sugiere el desarrollo de protocolos para el manejo de esta radiotoxicidad, considerando la dosis acumulada y los factores de riesgo asociados.

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a incidência, a dose de ocorrência, o grau, a severidade e os fatores de risco associados para o desenvolvimento de radiodermatite, por área da mama irradiada, em mulheres com câncer de mama, durante a radioterapia hipofracionada. Método: Estudo observacional, prospectivo e longitudinal, conforme diretrizes do Strengthening the Reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology, realizado entre maio de 2019 e maio de 2021. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 104 mulheres, 73,1% (IC95%: 64-82) desenvolveram sinais de radiodermatite durante o tratamento. A maioria (63,5%, IC95%: 54-73) desenvolveu eritema na região axilar com cerca de 36,5 Grays. Mulheres com mamas volumosas e usuárias de estatinas possuem maior chance de desenvolver radiodermatite. Entretanto, mulheres com a cor da pele classificada como Fototipo III (pele morena clara) possuem menor chance de desenvolver radiodermatite, sendo a cor da pele um fator protetor. Conclusão A incidência de radiodermatite em mulheres com câncer de mama durante a radioterapia hipofracionada é expressiva. Sugere-se, portanto, o desenvolvimento de protocolos para o manejo desta radiotoxicidade, considerando a dose cumulativa e fatores de risco associados.

Incidence of acute radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy / Incidencia de radiodermatitis aguda en mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a la radioterapia hipofraccionada / Incidência de radiodermatite aguda em mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia hipofracionada

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the incidence and degree of acute radiodermatitis at the end and after the end of treatment in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy. Methods: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, conducted between March 2019 and January 2020, in a radiotherapy outpatient clinic. Results: Thirty-two women participated in the study, among whom, in the last session of hypofractionated radiotherapy, 15 (46.9%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 13 (40.6%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). In the post-treatment evaluation, 27 (84.4%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 17 (53.1%), dry peeling in 8 (25%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). Conclusion: The general incidence of radiodermatitis after hypofractionated radiotherapy in women with breast cancer was 37.5%, erythema, 12.5%, and dry peeling, 25%. The development of care protocols for the management of radiodermatitis after treatment is of paramount importance.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia y el grado de radiodermatitis aguda al final y después el término del tratamiento en mujeres con cáncer de mama sometidas a la radioterapia hipofraccionada. Métodos: Estudio observacional, prospectivo y longitudinal, realizado entre marzo de 2019 y enero de 2020, en un ambulatorio de radioterapia. Resultados: Participaron del estudio 32 mujeres, de entre las cuales, en la última sesión de radioterapia hipofraccionada, 15 (46,9%) presentaban radiodermatitis, siendo eritema en 13 (40,6%) y descamación húmeda en 2 (6,3%). En la evaluación después del tratamiento, 27 (84,4%) presentaban radiodermatitis, siendo eritema en 17 (53,1%), descamación seca en 8 (25%) y descamación húmeda en 2 (6,3%). Conclusión: La incidencia general de radiodermatitis después radioterapia hipofraccionada en mujeres con cáncer de mama fue 37,5%: eritema, 12,5%; y descamación seca, 25%. Es de suma importancia el desarrollo de protocolos asistenciales para el manejo de radiodermatitis después del tratamiento.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a incidência e o grau de radiodermatite aguda ao final e após o término do tratamento em mulheres com câncer de mama submetidas à radioterapia hipofracionada. Métodos: Estudo observacional, prospectivo e longitudinal, realizado entre março de 2019 e janeiro de 2020, em um ambulatório de radioterapia. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 32 mulheres, dentre as quais, na última sessão de radioterapia hipofracionada, 15 (46,9%) apresentavam radiodermatite, sendo eritema em 13 (40,6%) e descamação úmida em 2 (6,3%). Na avaliação após o tratamento, 27 (84,4%) apresentavam radiodermatite, sendo eritema em 17 (53,1%), descamação seca em 8 (25%) e descamação úmida em 2 (6,3%). Conclusão: A incidência geral de radiodermatite após radioterapia hipofracionada em mulheres com câncer de mama foi 37,5%: eritema, 12,5%; e descamação seca, 25%. É de suma importância o desenvolvimento de protocolos assistenciais para o manejo de radiodermatite após o tratamento.

Incidence of acute radiodermatitis in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and degree of acute radiodermatitis at the end and after the end of treatment in women with breast cancer undergoing hypofractionated radiotherapy. METHODS: Observational, prospective, and longitudinal study, conducted between March 2019 and January 2020, in a radiotherapy outpatient clinic. RESULTS: Thirty-two women participated in the study, among whom, in the last session of hypofractionated radiotherapy, 15 (46.9%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 13 (40.6%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). In the post-treatment evaluation, 27 (84.4%) had radiodermatitis, erythema in 17 (53.1%), dry peeling in 8 (25%), and wet peeling in 2 (6.3%). CONCLUSION: The general incidence of radiodermatitis after hypofractionated radiotherapy in women with breast cancer was 37.5%, erythema, 12.5%, and dry peeling, 25%. The development of care protocols for the management of radiodermatitis after treatment is of paramount importance.

Oncology teaching in undergraduate nursing at public institutions courses in Brazil.

OBJECTIVES: to identify the occurrence of oncology teaching in undergraduate nursing curricula. METHODS: descriptive study, which data was obtained from curriculum and from Pedagogical Course Projects available on the websites from Brazilian public institutions, between June and July 2020. RESULTS: 143 undergraduate nursing courses were identified. From them, 132 nursing courses (corresponding to 89 education institutions) had available the curriculum and/or Pedagogical Course Projects. Only 7 (5.3%) of them had oncology as a mandatory subject, 4 of them in the Midwest Region. Only 35 (26.5%) had elective subject in Oncology, most of them in the Northeast (45.7%). CONCLUSIONS: on third of nursing courses at public institutions has Oncology subject in the curriculum, which is few considering the high incidence and mortality from cancer in the country. The findings contribute for discussions, in curricular accommodation, on the relevance of oncology teaching in nursing curricula.

Effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy in radiation dermatitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the effectiveness of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the prevention and treatment of radiation dermatitis (RD). METHODS: A systematic review was conducted using seven databases and the gray literature. We performed a meta-analysis to summarize the effect sizes of response rates (RRs). RESULTS: We included seven clinical trials. Breast cancer patients receiving PBMT developed more grade 1 RD than the control group (RR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.14-2.10, I2 = 51 %). PBMT appears to prevent RD grade 2 (RR 0.33, 95 % CI 0.09-1.23, I2 = 85 %) and RD grade 3 (RR 0.21, 95 % CI 0.05-0.94, I2 = 0%) with very low certainty of evidence. CONCLUSIONS: There is very low certainty of evidence that PBMT was effective in the prevention of RD. However, PBMT showed a significant effect to prevent grade 3 RD in breast cancer patients. Thus, further randomized clinical trials are required to confirm the promising effect of PBMT in RD.

Acute radiodermatitis in cancer patients: incidence and severity estimates.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence and distribution of the degree of radiodermatitis in cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy in the regions of head and neck, breast, and pelvis. METHOD: Prospective, longitudinal, quantitative study conducted from March 15, 2016 to May 4, 2017 with patients observed for five weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was the proportion of grade 1 or higher radiodermatitis each week. The degree of radiodermatitis and mean time of occurrence for each patient were secondary outcomes. RESULTS: This study included 112 patients. The incidence of radiodermatitis was 100% among those whose head and neck region was irradiated, followed by 98% for breast and 48% for the pelvic region. The degree of radiodermatitis varied with the irradiated site; the worst degrees were found in the head and neck region, followed by the breast. In the three groups, the mean time of the first occurrence of radiodermatitis was approximately eleven days. CONCLUSION: The incidence of radiodermatitis in the studied groups was high, which reinforces the need to perform the same evaluation nationwide. This would support creating and standardizing protocols and recommendations for a proper management of radiodermatitis, specially concerning its prevention.

Acute radiodermatitis in cancer patients: incidence and severity estimates / Radiodermatitis aguda en pacientes con cáncer: estimación de la incidencia y la severidad / Radiodermatite aguda em pacientes com câncer: estimativa de incidência e severidade

ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the incidence and distribution of the degree of radiodermatitis in cancer patients submitted to radiotherapy in the regions of head and neck, breast, and pelvis. Method: Prospective, longitudinal, quantitative study conducted from March 15, 2016 to May 4, 2017 with patients observed for five weeks of treatment. The primary outcome was the proportion of grade 1 or higher radiodermatitis each week. The degree of radiodermatitis and mean time of occurrence for each patient were secondary outcomes. Results: This study included 112 patients. The incidence of radiodermatitis was 100% among those whose head and neck region was irradiated, followed by 98% for breast and 48% for the pelvic region. The degree of radiodermatitis varied with the irradiated site; the worst degrees were found in the head and neck region, followed by the breast. In the three groups, the mean time of the first occurrence of radiodermatitis was approximately eleven days. Conclusion: The incidence of radiodermatitis in the studied groups was high, which reinforces the need to perform the same evaluation nationwide. This would support creating and standardizing protocols and recommendations for a proper management of radiodermatitis, specially concerning its prevention.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la incidencia y la distribución del grado de radiodermatitis en pacientes con cáncer sometidos a radioterapia en las regiones de la cabeza y el cuello, la mama y la pelvis. Método: Estudio prospectivo, longitudinal y cuantitativo realizado entre el 15 de marzo de 2016 y el 4 de mayo de 2017 con pacientes observados durante cinco semanas de tratamiento. El resultado primario fue la proporción de radiodermatitis grado 1 o superior cada semana. El grado de radiodermatitis y el tiempo medio de la primera aparición en cada paciente fueron resultados secundarios. Resultados: Participaron 112 pacientes. La incidencia de radiodermatitis fue del 100% entre los que se irradiaron en la región de la cabeza y el cuello, seguida del 98% en la mama y el 48% en la pelvis. El grado de radiodermatitis variaba según el sitio de irradiación, con peores grados en la región de la cabeza y el cuello, seguida de la mama. En los tres grupos, el tiempo medio para la primera aparición de radiodermatitis fue de aproximadamente 11 días. Conclusión: La incidencia de la radiodermatitis fue elevada en los grupos estudiados, lo que reitera la necesidad de hacer la misma evaluación en todo el país. Esta evaluación fomentaría la creación y la uniformización de los protocolos y recomendaciones para el manejo adecuado de la radiodermatitis, especialmente en lo que respecta a su prevención.

RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a incidência e a distribuição de graduação de radiodermatite em pacientes com câncer submetidos à radioterapia nas regiões de cabeça e pescoço, mama e pelve. Método: Estudo prospectivo, longitudinal, quantitativo, realizado durante o período de 15 de março de 2016 a 4 de maio de 2017 com pacientes observados ao longo de cinco semanas de tratamento. O desfecho primário foi proporção de radiodermatite grau 1 ou superior em cada semana. Graduação de radiodermatite e tempo médio para a primeira ocorrência em cada paciente foram desfechos secundários. Resultados: Participaram 112 pacientes. A incidência de radiodermatite foi de 100% entre os que irradiaram a região de cabeça e pescoço, seguida por 98% em mama e 48% na pelve. A graduação de radiodermatite variou de acordo com o local da irradiação, com piores graduações na região de cabeça e pescoço, seguida por mama. Nos três grupos, o tempo médio para a primeira ocorrência de radiodermatite foi de aproximadamente 11 dias. Conclusão: A incidência de radiodermatite foi alta nos grupos estudados, o que reitera a necessidade de se fazer a mesma avaliação em âmbito nacional. Essa avaliação incentivaria a criação e a uniformização de protocolos e recomendações para o manejo adequado da radiodermatite, principalmente no que concerne à sua prevenção.

Impacto da Radiodermatite na estética corporal de pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço / Impact of Radiodermatitis on body aesthetics in head and neck cancer patients / Impacto de la Radiodermatitis en la estética corporal de pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello

Objetivo: descrever o impacto da radiodermatite na estética corporal em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia. Método: estudo exploratório descritivo, do tipo série de casos, realizado no ambulatório de radioterapia de um hospital de ensino. Foram incluídos dez pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço que foram submetidos à radioterapia no período de 2015 a 2017. A coleta dos dados foi realizada com instrumento construído para esse fim e por meio de registro fotográfico. Os dados foram analisados de forma descritiva, apresentando-se o cálculo da frequência. Resultados: todos os pacientes apresentaram sinais característicos de radiodermatite, principalmente os sinais clínicos de epilação (nos homens), hiperpigmentação e descamação seca, que afetam a estética corporal. Conclusão: a estética corporal dos pacientes acompanhados foi alterada em decorrência dos sinais clínicos da radiodermatite. Destaca-se a importância de avaliar essas alterações em pacientes com câncer de cabeça e pescoço submetidos à radioterapia.

Objective: to describe the impact of radiodermatitis on body aesthetics in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy. Method: this is an exploratory descriptive case series study conducted at the radiotherapy outpatient clinic of a teaching hospital. Ten patients with head and neck cancer who underwent radiotherapy from 2015 to 2017 were included. Data collection was performed with an instrument designed for this purpose and through photographic record. Data was analyzed descriptively, presenting the calculation of frequency. Results: all patients presented characteristic signs of radiodermatitis, mainly the clinical signs of epilation (in men), hyperpigmentation and dry scaling, which affect body aesthetics. Conclusion: the body aesthetics of the followed patients was altered as a result of the clinical signs of radiodermatitis. It is important to evaluate these changes in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiotherapy.

Objetivo: describir impacto de la radiodermatitis en la estética corporal en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello sometidos a radioterapia. Método: estudio exploratorio descriptivo, del tipo serie de casos, realizado en ambulatorio de radioterapia de un hospital de enseñanza. Incluidos diez pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello que fueron sometidos a radioterapia entre 2015 y 2017. Recolecta de datos fue realizada con instrumento construido para ese fin y mediante registro fotográfico. Los datos fueron analizados de manera descriptiva, presentándose el cálculo de la frecuencia. Resultados: todos los pacientes presentaron síntomas característicos de radiodermatitis, principalmente síntomas clínicos de epilación (en los hombres), hiperpigmentación y descamación seca, que afectan la estética corporal. Conclusión: la estética corporal de los pacientes acompañados fue alterada en decurso de los síntomas clínicos de la radiodermatitis. Se destaca la importancia de evaluar esas alteraciones en pacientes con cáncer de cabeza y cuello sometidos a radioterapia.