The Diagnosis of Albright's Osteodystrophy in a Case With Respiratory Failure.

Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy is a rare hereditary disease due to a mutation of the complex guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-stimulating activity polypeptide. This condition is commonly associated with type 1A and 1C pseudohypoparathyroidism and pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism due to resistance of parathyroid hormone. Patients present with specific characteristics such as brachydactyly, short stature, round facies, subcutaneous ossifications, developmental delay, and obesity, associated with hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia. This case presents a 55-year-old woman with short stature and neurocognitive impairment, who was admitted to the emergency department with acute decompensated heart and respiratory failure. On admission, hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia were noted, which in combination with the patient's clinical history led to an etiological investigation. This case stresses the importance of not only treating the acute disease but also looking at the patient and their clinical and analytical features to diagnose this disease and prevent its complications.

A Novel Trypsin Kunitz-Type Inhibitor from Cajanus cajan Leaves and Its Inhibitory Activity on New Cancer Serine Proteases and Its Effect on Tumor Cell Growth.

A novel trypsin inhibitor from Cajanus cajan (TIC) fresh leaves was partially purified by affinity chromatography. SDS-PAGE revealed one band with about 15 kDa with expressive trypsin inhibitor activity by zymography. TIC showed high affinity for trypsin (Ki = 1.617 µM) and was a competitive inhibitor for this serine protease. TIC activity was maintained after 24 h of treatment at 70 °C, after 1 h treatments with different pH values, and ß-mercaptoethanol increasing concentrations, and demonstrated expressive structural stability. However, the activity of TIC was affected in the presence of oxidizing agents. In order to study the effect of TIC on secreted serine proteases, as well as on the cell culture growth curve, SK-MEL-28 metastatic human melanoma cell line and CaCo-2 colon adenocarcinoma was grown in supplemented DMEM, and the extracellular fractions were submitted salting out and affinity chromatography to obtain new secreted serine proteases. TIC inhibited almost completely, 96 to 89%, the activity of these serine proteases and reduced the melanoma and colon adenocarcinoma cells growth of 48 and 77% respectively. Besides, it is the first time that a trypsin inhibitor was isolated and characterized from C. cajan leaves and cancer serine proteases were isolated and partial characterized from SK-MEL-28 and CaCo-2 cancer cell lines. Furthermore, TIC shown to be potent inhibitor of tumor protease affecting cell growth, and can be one potential drug candidate to be employed in chemotherapy of melanoma and colon adenocarcinoma.

Concepções e práticas dos profissionais da atenção primária à saúde acerca dos cuidados paliativos / Conceptions and practices of primary health care professionals regarding palliative care / Concepciones y prácticas de los profesionales de la atención primaria de salud sobre los cuidados paliativos

Objetivo: compreender as concepções e práticas dos profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde acerca dos cuidados paliativos. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa realizado com profissionais atuantes em três Unidades Básicas em município no sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em junho de 2021, mediante entrevistas presenciais, audiogravadas junto a 36 profissionais de saúde selecionados por conveniência e submetidos à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: muitos profissionais da Atenção Primária, sobretudo os agentes comunitários, técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem, possuem pouco conhecimento ou uma visão distorcida a respeito de cuidados paliativos, mas em seu cotidiano assistem pacientes e familiares. Considerações finais: embora não suficientemente preparados, os profissionais de saúde precisam estar junto, orientar e assistir usuários e familiares que necessitam de cuidados paliativos, necessitam portanto serem sensibilizados quanto a importância e benefícios dos cuidados paliativos e serem devidamente intrumentalizados para prestar essa assistência que valorize seus princípios.

Objective: to understand the conceptions and practices of Primary Health Care professionals regarding palliative care. Method: descriptive-exploratory study, with a qualitative approach carried out with professionals working in three Basic Units in a city in southern Brazil. Data were collected in June 2021, through face-to-face, audio-recorded interviews with 36 health professionals selected for convenience and subjected to content analysis, thematic modality. Results: many Primary Care professionals, especially community workers, technicians and nursing assistants, have little knowledge or a distorted view of palliative care, but in their daily lives they assist patients and families. Final considerations: although not sufficiently prepared, health professionals need to be together, guide and assist users and families who need palliative care, they therefore need to be made aware of the importance and benefits of palliative care and be properly equipped to provide this assistance that values its principles.

Objetivos: comprender las concepciones y prácticas de los profesionales de la Atención Primaria de Salud sobre los cuidados paliativos. Método: estudio descriptivo-exploratorio, con enfoque cualitativo, realizado con profesionales de tres Unidades Básicas de una ciudad de Brasil. Los datos fueron recolectados en junio de 2021, mediante entrevistas presenciales, audio grabadas, a 36 profesionales seleccionados por conveniencia y sometidos a análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados: muchos profesionales, especialmente trabajadores comunitarios, técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería, tienen pocos conocimientos o una visión distorsionada de los cuidados paliativos, pero en su vida diaria asisten a pacientes y familiares. Consideraciones finales: aunque no están suficientemente preparados, los profesionales de la salud necesitan estar juntos, orientar y asistir a los usuarios y familias que necesitan cuidados paliativos, por lo que deben ser conscientes de la importancia y los beneficios de estes Cuidados y estar adecuadamente equipados para brindar esta asistencia que valora sus principios.

A comprehensive physical functional assessment of survivors of critical care unit stay due to COVID-19 / Avaliação físico-funcional abrangente de sobreviventes de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva devido à COVID-19

ABSTRACT Objective: To examine the physical function and respiratory muscle strength of patients - who recovered from critical COVID-19 - after intensive care unit discharge to the ward on Days one (D1) and seven (D7), and to investigate variables associated with functional impairment. Methods: This was a prospective cohort study of adult patients with COVID-19 who needed invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation or high-flow nasal cannula and were discharged from the intensive care unit to the ward. Participants were submitted to Medical Research Council sum-score, handgrip strength, maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, and short physical performance battery tests. Participants were grouped into two groups according to their need for invasive ventilation: the Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Group (IMV Group) and the Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Group (Non-IMV Group). Results: Patients in the IMV Group (n = 31) were younger and had higher Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores than those in the Non-IMV Group (n = 33). The short physical performance battery scores (range 0 - 12) on D1 and D7 were 6.1 ± 4.3 and 7.3 ± 3.8, respectively for the Non-Invasive Mechanical Ventilation Group, and 1.3 ± 2.5 and 2.6 ± 3.7, respectively for the IMV Group. The prevalence of intensive care unit-acquired weakness on D7 was 13% for the Non-IMV Group and 72% for the IMV Group. The maximal inspiratory pressure, maximal expiratory pressure, and handgrip strength increased on D7 in both groups, but the maximal expiratory pressure and handgrip strength were still weak. Only maximal inspiratory pressure was recovered (i.e., > 80% of the predicted value) in the Non-IMV Group. Female sex, and the need and duration of invasive mechanical were independently and negatively associated with the short physical performance battery score and handgrip strength. Conclusion: Patients who recovered from critical COVID-19 and who received invasive mechanical ventilation presented greater disability than those who were not invasively ventilated. However, they both showed marginal functional improvement during early recovery, regardless of the need for invasive mechanical ventilation. This might highlight the severity of disability caused by SARS-CoV-2.

RESUMO Objetivo: Examinar a função física e a força muscular respiratória de pacientes que se recuperaram da COVID-19 grave após a alta da unidade de terapia intensiva para a enfermaria nos Dias 1 e 7 e investigar as variáveis associadas ao comprometimento funcional. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo de coorte prospectivo de pacientes adultos com COVID-19 que necessitaram de ventilação mecânica invasiva, ventilação mecânica não invasiva ou cânula nasal de alto fluxo e tiveram alta da unidade de terapia intensiva para a enfermaria. Os participantes foram submetidos aos testes Medical Research Council sum-score, força de preensão manual, pressão inspiratória máxima, pressão expiratória máxima e short physical performance battery. Os participantes foram agrupados em dois grupos conforme a necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva: o Grupo Ventilação Mecânica Invasiva (Grupo VMI) e o Grupo Não Ventilação Mecânica Invasiva (Grupo Não VMI). Resultados: Os pacientes do Grupo VMI (n = 31) eram mais jovens e tinham pontuações do Sequential Organ Failure Assessment mais altas do que os do Grupo VMI (n = 33). As pontuações do short physical performance battery (intervalo de zero a 12) nos Dias 1 e 7 foram 6,1 ± 4,3 e 7,3 ± 3,8, respectivamente para o Grupo Não VMI, e 1,3 ± 2,5 e 2,6 ± 3,7, respectivamente para o Grupo VMI. A prevalência de fraqueza adquirida na unidade de terapia intensiva no Dia 7 foi de 13% para o Grupo Não VMI e de 72% para o Grupo VMI. A pressão inspiratória máxima, a pressão expiratória máxima e a força de preensão manual aumentaram no Dia 7 em ambos os grupos, porém a pressão expiratória máxima e a força de preensão manual ainda eram fracas. Apenas a pressão inspiratória máxima foi recuperada (ou seja, > 80% do valor previsto) no Grupo Não VMI. As variáveis sexo feminino, e necessidade e duração da ventilação mecânica invasiva foram associadas de forma independente e negativa à pontuação do short physical performance battery e à força de preensão manual. Conclusão: Os pacientes que se recuperaram da COVID-19 grave e receberam ventilação mecânica invasiva apresentaram maior incapacidade do que aqueles que não foram ventilados invasivamente. No entanto, os dois grupos de pacientes apresentaram melhora funcional marginal durante a fase inicial de recuperação, independentemente da necessidade de ventilação mecânica invasiva. Esse resultado pode evidenciar a gravidade da incapacidade causada pelo SARS-CoV-2.

Office endometrial sampling: effectiveness and predictive factors of success in Novak versus Endosampler devices.

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to evaluate the rate of endometrial sampling (ES) failure, predictive factors of success, and reliability as diagnostic methods of Endosampler versus Novak. METHODS: A retrospective single-center study was carried out with all patients who underwent ES via Endosampler or Novak in 2020 and 2021. Demographic data, personal background, and histopathologic results were evaluated. RESULTS: Eighty-six patients underwent ES by Novak and 90 by Endosampler. The failure rate of ES was 43.2% with lower values for Endosampler (33.3% vs. 53.5%, P<0.05). Age, biopsy device, menopausal status, indication for biopsy, and amount of sample collected were predictive factors of failure. Analyzing each device, Endosampler was only affected by menopausal status. Only 50% in Novak and 62.5% in the Endosampler group of endometrial neoplasia cases were detected by these methods. Analyzing the performance for endometrial neoplasia (EN), we obtained higher values of sensitivity and accuracy for Endosampler (62.5% vs. 50.0% and 83.3% vs. 72.7%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In our study, the failure rate obtained was in line with other previous studies. Menopausal status, age, type of biopsy device, indication for biopsy, and amount of sample collected affected ES performance. Analyzing diagnostic performance for EN, we found that these methods have better reliability for positive results than for negative ones, which may indicate the need for further evaluation in cases of high clinical suspicion. In short, we obtain a higher rate of success rate in Endosampler devices and better performance in diagnosing EN, which is the major objective of an ES.

A global phylogenomic analysis of the shiitake genus Lentinula.

Lentinula is a broadly distributed group of fungi that contains the cultivated shiitake mushroom, L. edodes. We sequenced 24 genomes representing eight described species and several unnamed lineages of Lentinula from 15 countries on four continents. Lentinula comprises four major clades that arose in the Oligocene, three in the Americas and one in Asia-Australasia. To expand sampling of shiitake mushrooms, we assembled 60 genomes of L. edodes from China that were previously published as raw Illumina reads and added them to our dataset. Lentinula edodes sensu lato (s. lat.) contains three lineages that may warrant recognition as species, one including a single isolate from Nepal that is the sister group to the rest of L. edodes s. lat., a second with 20 cultivars and 12 wild isolates from China, Japan, Korea, and the Russian Far East, and a third with 28 wild isolates from China, Thailand, and Vietnam. Two additional lineages in China have arisen by hybridization among the second and third groups. Genes encoding cysteine sulfoxide lyase (lecsl) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (leggt), which are implicated in biosynthesis of the organosulfur flavor compound lenthionine, have diversified in Lentinula. Paralogs of both genes that are unique to Lentinula (lecsl 3 and leggt 5b) are coordinately up-regulated in fruiting bodies of L. edodes. The pangenome of L. edodes s. lat. contains 20,308 groups of orthologous genes, but only 6,438 orthogroups (32%) are shared among all strains, whereas 3,444 orthogroups (17%) are found only in wild populations, which should be targeted for conservation.

A Mutation in Mouse MT-ATP6 Gene Induces Respiration Defects and Opposed Effects on the Cell Tumorigenic Phenotype.

As the last step of the OXPHOS system, mitochondrial ATP synthase (or complex V) is responsible for ATP production by using the generated proton gradient, but also has an impact on other important functions linked to this system. Mutations either in complex V structural subunits, especially in mtDNA-encoded ATP6 gene, or in its assembly factors, are the molecular cause of a wide variety of human diseases, most of them classified as neurodegenerative disorders. The role of ATP synthase alterations in cancer development or metastasis has also been postulated. In this work, we reported the generation and characterization of the first mt-Atp6 pathological mutation in mouse cells, an m.8414A>G transition that promotes an amino acid change from Asn to Ser at a highly conserved residue of the protein (p.N163S), located near the path followed by protons from the intermembrane space to the mitochondrial matrix. The phenotypic consequences of the p.N163S change reproduce the effects of MT-ATP6 mutations in human diseases, such as dependence on glycolysis, defective OXPHOS activity, ATP synthesis impairment, increased ROS generation or mitochondrial membrane potential alteration. These observations demonstrate that this mutant cell line could be of great interest for the generation of mouse models with the aim of studying human diseases caused by alterations in ATP synthase. On the other hand, mutant cells showed lower migration capacity, higher expression of MHC-I and slightly lower levels of HIF-1α, indicating a possible reduction of their tumorigenic potential. These results could suggest a protective role of ATP synthase inhibition against tumor transformation that could open the door to new therapeutic strategies in those cancer types relying on OXPHOS metabolism.

Disposição de enfermeiros para o uso do telemonitoramento em usuários com condições crônicas: estudo transversal / Nurses' willingness to resort to telemonitoring in users with chronic conditions: a cross-sectional study

OBJETIVO: Verificar a disposição de enfermeiros da Atenção Primária em utilizar o telemonitoramento no acompanhamento de usuários com hipertensão arterial e/ou diabetes mellitus. MÉTODO: Estudo transversal realizado com enfermeiros atuantes nos municípios da 15ª Regional de Saúde do Paraná. Dos 289 convidados, 65 responderam ao questionário online disponibilizado em maio e junho de 2021 no Google Forms. Foram incluídos os enfermeiros que atuavam nas unidades de saúde da 15ª Regional de Saúde e que responderam ao questionário enviado. Não foi adotado nenhum critério de exclusão, mesmo quando o enfermeiro deixava alguma questão em branco. Na análise, foram utilizados os testes Qui-quadrado, Exato de Fisher e Razão de Prevalência. RESULTADOS: Entre as variáveis analisadas, observou-se associação entre ter menos idade e menor tempo de formado e a percepção de que o telemonitoramento sem atendimento presencial é insuficiente para acompanhar os usuários, e das variáveis "telemonitoramento favorece a comunicação com o paciente" e "é possível" com "otimiza o trabalho da equipe". E também maior disposição para uso foi observada entre os que receberam capacitação. CONCLUSÃO: Ausência de capacitações e insuficiência de equipamentos e recursos humanos são fatores que afetam e podem inviabilizar o uso do telemonitoramento.

OBJECTIVE: To verify Primary Care nurses' willingness to resort to Telemonitoring in the follow-up of users with arterial hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus. METHOD: A cross-sectional study conducted with nurses working in the municipalities from the 15th Health Region of Paraná. Of all the 289 individuals invited, 65 answered the online questionnaire made available in May and June 2021 via Google Forms. The nurses included were those working in the health units from the 15th Health Region and who answered the questionnaire sent. No exclusion criteria were adopted, even when a nurse left some questions unanswered. Chi-square, Fisher's Exact and Prevalence Ratio tests were used in the analysis. RESULTS: An association was observed between less time since graduation and the perception that Telemonitoring without in-person assistance is insufficient to follow up the users; in addition, it was noticed that the Telemonitoring variables favor communication with the patients and can streamline the work performed by the team. More willingness to use Telemonitoring was perceived among those who underwent training. CONCLUSION: The absence of training sessions and the insufficiency of devices and human resources affect and may preclude Telemonitoring.

Real-Time Classification of Causes of Death Using AI: Sensitivity Analysis.

BACKGROUND: In 2021, the European Union reported >270,000 excess deaths, including >16,000 in Portugal. The Portuguese Directorate-General of Health developed a deep neural network, AUTOCOD, which determines the primary causes of death by analyzing the free text of physicians' death certificates (DCs). Although AUTOCOD's performance has been established, it remains unclear whether its performance remains consistent over time, particularly during periods of excess mortality. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess the sensitivity and other performance metrics of AUTOCOD in classifying underlying causes of death compared with manual coding to identify specific causes of death during periods of excess mortality. METHODS: We included all DCs between 2016 and 2019. AUTOCOD's performance was evaluated by calculating various performance metrics, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and F1-score, using a confusion matrix. This compared International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health-Related Problems, 10th Revision (ICD-10), classifications of DCs by AUTOCOD with those by human coders at the Directorate-General of Health (gold standard). Subsequently, we compared periods without excess mortality with periods of excess, severe, and extreme excess mortality. We defined excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score above the 95% baseline limit, severe excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score >4 SDs, and extreme excess mortality as 2 consecutive days with a Z score >6 SDs. Finally, we repeated the analyses for the 3 most common ICD-10 chapters focusing on block-level classification. RESULTS: We analyzed a large data set comprising 330,098 DCs classified by both human coders and AUTOCOD. AUTOCOD demonstrated high sensitivity (≥0.75) for 10 ICD-10 chapters examined, with values surpassing 0.90 for the more prevalent chapters (chapter II-"Neoplasms," chapter IX-"Diseases of the circulatory system," and chapter X-"Diseases of the respiratory system"), accounting for 67.69% (223,459/330,098) of all human-coded causes of death. No substantial differences were observed in these high-sensitivity values when comparing periods without excess mortality with periods of excess, severe, and extreme excess mortality. The same holds for specificity, which exceeded 0.96 for all chapters examined, and for PPV, which surpassed 0.75 in 9 chapters, including the more prevalent ones. When considering block classification within the 3 most common ICD-10 chapters, AUTOCOD maintained a high performance, demonstrating high sensitivity (≥0.75) for 13 ICD-10 blocks, high PPV for 9 blocks, and specificity of >0.98 in all blocks, with no significant differences between periods without excess mortality and those with excess mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that, during periods of excess and extreme excess mortality, AUTOCOD's performance remains unaffected by potential text quality degradation because of pressure on health services. Consequently, AUTOCOD can be dependably used for real-time cause-specific mortality surveillance even in extreme excess mortality situations.

Factors associated with demand for emergency medical services by people with hypertension and diabetes / Factores asociados a la demanda de servicios médicos de emergencia por parte de personas con hipertensión y diabetes / Fatores associados à procura de serviços médicos de emergência por pessoas com hipertensão e diabetes

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze the association between recurrence of emergency service visits due to lack of blood pressure and/or glycemic control with sociodemographic variables and disease registration in Primary Care. Methods: quantitative study, which consulted medical records of people who attended these services two or more times for 26 months. Descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression models were used in analysis. Results: most people did not have hypertension and/or diabetes record in their Primary Care records. The absence of this record was more frequent in males, aged between 18 and 59 years, with low education and lack of blood pressure. There was association between greater number of people seeking these services in the same year and not monitoring the chronic condition in specialized care. Conclusions: people who do not follow up hypertension and/or diabetes in Primary Care are more likely to need assistance due to blood pressure and/or glycemic management.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la asociación entre la recurrencia de visitas a los servicios de emergencia por falta de control de la presión arterial y/o glucemia con variables sociodemográficas y registro de la enfermedad en Atención Primaria. Métodos: estudio cuantitativo, que consultó las historias clínicas de las personas que acudieron a estos servicios dos o más veces en un período de 26 meses. En el análisis se utilizaron estadísticas descriptivas y modelos de regresión logística múltiple. Resultados: la mayoría de las personas no tenían registro de hipertensión y/o diabetes en sus registros de Atención Primaria. La ausencia de este registro fue más frecuente en el sexo masculino, con edad entre 18 y 59 años, con baja escolaridad y falta de presión arterial. Hubo asociación entre mayor número de personas que buscaban estos servicios en el mismo año y no seguimiento de la condición crónica en atención especializada. Conclusiones: las personas que no tienen seguimiento de hipertensión y/o diabetes en Atención Primaria tienen más probabilidad de necesitar asistencia por control de la presión arterial y/o glucemia.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a associação entre a recorrência de atendimentos nos serviços de emergência devido ao descontrole pressórico e/ou glicêmico com as variáveis sociodemográficas e cadastro da doença na Atenção Primária. Métodos: estudo quantitativo, que consultou prontuários de pessoas que compareceram duas ou mais vezes nesses serviços no período de 26 meses. Utilizaram-se estatística descritiva e modelos de regressão logística múltipla na análise. Resultados: a maioria das pessoas não possuía registro/cadastro de hipertensão e/ou diabetes no prontuário da Atenção Primária. A ausência desse cadastro foi mais frequente em pessoas do sexo masculino, com idade entre 18 e 59 anos, baixa escolaridade e descontrole pressórico. Observou-se associação entre número maior de procura desses serviços em um mesmo ano e não acompanhamento da condição crônica na assistência especializada. Conclusões: pessoas que não fazem acompanhamento da hipertensão e/ou diabetes na Atenção Primária estão mais sujeitas a necessitar de assistência por descontrole pressórico e/ou glicêmico.

Spatial, spatio-temporal, and origin-destination flow analyses of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome hospitalized for COVID-19 in Southeastern Brazil, 2020-2021

ABSTRACT Brazil experienced one of the fastest increasing numbers of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) cases worldwide. The Sao Paulo State (SPS) reported a high incidence, particularly in Sao Paulo municipality. This study aimed to identify clusters of incidence and mortality of hospitalized patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome for COVID-19 in the SPS, in 2020-2021, and describe the origin flow pattern of the cases. Cases and mortality risk area clusters were identified through different analyses (spatial clusters, spatio-temporal clusters, and spatial variation in temporal trends) by weighting areas. Ripley's K12-function verified the spatial dependence between the cases and infrastructure. There were 517,935 reported cases, with 152,128 cases resulting in death. Of the 470,441 patients hospitalized and residing in the SPS, 357,526 remained in the original municipality, while 112,915 did not. Cases and death clusters were identified in the Sao Paulo metropolitan region (SPMR) and Baixada Santista region in the first study period, and in the SPMR and the Campinas, Sao Jose do Rio Preto, Barretos, and Sorocaba municipalities during the second period. We highlight the priority areas for control and surveillance actions for COVID-19, which could lead to better outcomes in future outbreaks.

Fatores associados a não adesão terapêutica em pessoas com hipertensão que procuraram assistência por emergência / Factors associated with therapeutic non-adherence among hypertensive individuals who seek emergency care / Factores asociados a la no adhesión a la terapia en personas hipertensas que buscan asistencia por emergencias

RESUMO: Objetivo: analisar fatores associados à não adesão terapêutica em pessoas com Hipertensão Arterial que procuraram serviços de pronto atendimento por emergência e/ou complicação hipertensiva. Método: estudo transversal realizado entre dezembro de 2019 a outubro de 2020, com 238 pessoas residentes em um município de médio porte do Sul do Brasil, mediante aplicação da Escala de Adesão Terapêutica de Oito Itens de Morisky. Na análise se utilizou Regressão Logística Múltipla. Resultados: 86 (36,1%) participantes foram considerados não aderentes. Foi observada maior chance de não adesão em pessoas com menos de 60 anos (Odds Ratio=2,04), que buscaram assistência nos serviços de pronto atendimento nos três anos em estudo (Odds Ratio=5,08) e que tinham vínculo com profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde (Odds Ratio=1,96). Conclusão: reconhecer os fatores associados com a não adesão à terapêutica possibilitará aos profissionais realizar intervenções educativas e assistir as pessoas com hipertensão de acordo com suas necessidades, prevenindo/postergando complicações.

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze factors associated with therapeutic non-adherence among individuals with Arterial Hypertension who seek emergency care and/or assistance due to hypertensive complications. Method: this is a cross-sectional study conducted from December 2019 to October 2020 with 238 people living in a medium-sized municipality from southern Brazil using Morisky's 8-Item Medication Adherence Scale. Multiple Logistic Regression was used in the analysis. Results: a total of 86 (36.1%) participants were considered as non-adherent. A higher change of non-adherence was observed in people younger than 60 years of age (Odds Ratio=2.04), who sought emergency services in the three years under study (Odds Ratio=5.08), and who had a bond with Primary Health Care professionals (Odds Ratio=1.96). Conclusion: acknowledging the factors associated with non-adherence to the therapy will allow professionals to conduct educational interventions and assist people with hypertension according to their needs, thus preventing/postponing complications.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar factores asociados a la no adhesión a la terapia en personas con Hipertensión Arterial que asisten a servicios de urgencia por emergencias y/o complicaciones derivadas de la hipertensión. Método: estudio transversal realizado entre diciembre de 2019 y octubre de 2020 con 238 residentes en un municipio de mediano porte del sur de Brasil, utilizando la Escala de Adherencia Terapéutica de 8 ítems de Morisky. En el análisis se utilizó Regresión Logística Múltiple. Resultados: se consideró que 86 (36,1%) participantes no cumplían con la terapia. Se observó una mayor probabilidad de no adhesión en personas menores de 60 años (Odds Ratio=2,04), que buscaron asistencia en los servicios de urgencia en los tres años en estudio (Odds Ratio=5,08) y que tenían una relación con profesionales de Atención Primaria de la Salud (Odds Ratio=1,96). Conclusión: reconocer los factores asociados a la no adhesión a la terapia permitirá que los profesionales realicen intervenciones educativas y asistan a las personas con hipertensión arterial según sus necesidades, previniendo/posponiendo complicaciones.

Vigilancia de la resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a los fármacos en Paraguay, 2014 a 2017 / Surveillance of drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Paraguay, 2014 to 2017

El objetivo del estudio fue identificar la resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a los fármacos en Paraguay, 2014 a 2017. Se realizó un estudio observacional retrospectivo. Se utilizaron los datos del Programa Nacional de Tuberculosis del Paraguay comprendidos entre los años 2014 a 2017. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de Tuberculosis que se realizaron un test de resistencia. Se extrajeron los datos en Excel y fueron analizados con Stata 17.0. Se incluyeron 3429 pacientes con tuberculosis que contaban con resultado de al menos una prueba de sensibilidad. La resistencia se encontró en 2.1% de los pacientes. La resistencia a la Rifampicina estuvo presente en el 0.3% de los casos mientras que a la Izionazida en el 0.6% de los casos. La prevalencia de resistencia fue más alta en hombres 3.4 (IC 95% 2.2 - 4.8) p=0.003, que residían en el chaco 6.0 (IC 95% 3.4 - 9.7) p=0.000, previamente tratados 2.7 (IC 95% 1.1 - 5.1) p=0.010. En el modelo se pudo observar que un paciente previamente tratado tiene mayores posibilidades de tener resistencia OR 2.62 (IC 95% 1.1 - 6.24). La prevalencia de resistencia del Mycobacterium tuberculosis a fármacos estuvo relacionada con haber sido previamente tratado

The objective of the study was to identify the resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drugs in Paraguay, 2014 to 2017. A retrospective observational study was carried out. The data from the National Tuberculosis Program of Paraguay between the years 2014 to 2017 were used. All patients with a diagnosis of Tuberculosis who underwent a resistance test were included. Data were extracted in Excel and analyzed with Stata 17.0. 3429 tuberculosis patients who had a result of at least one sensitivity test were included. Resistance was found in 2.1% of patients. Resistance to Rifampicin was present in 0.3% of cases while to Izionazide in 0.6% of cases. The prevalence of resistance was higher in men 3.4 (95% CI 2.2 - 4.8) p = 0.003, who resided in the Chaco 6.0 (95% CI 3.4 - 9.7) p = 0.000, previously treated 2.7 (95% CI 1.1 - 5.1) p = 0.010. In the model, it was observed that a previously treated patient has a greater chance of having resistance OR 2.62 (95% CI 1.1 - 6.24). The prevalence of resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to drugs was related to having been previously treated

Braden scale has low reliability in different patients under care in intensive care unit

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess the inter-reliability of the Braden scale and its subscales for different patients assisted in the intensive care unit. We hypothesized that the Braden scale has low reliability in different populations. METHODS: This reliability study involved the Braden scale in intensive care unit of a hospital. A total of 200 patients were admitted to the intensive care unit in four different groups: neurological patients, sepsis, elderly, and adults affected by trauma. The Braden scale is a tool composed of six subscales for patient assessment: sensory perception, humidity, activity, mobility, nutrition, and friction. The total score was also calculated. The Braden scale was applied by two different nurses with an interval of 20-30 min between applications. RESULTS: For all populations, kappa values considered unsuitable were observed for most categories of the Braden scale, ranging from 0.06-0.25. Only for the total Braden scale score was moderate reliability identified in all groups evaluated, with intraclass correlation coefficient values ranging from 0.48-0.75. CONCLUSIONS: Braden scale is not a reliable tool to be used in the intensive care unit, and we do not recommend the use of this scale to assess the risk of developing pressure injury.

Gastrocutaneous fistula and gastrointestinal bleeding due to left superior epigastric artery haemorrhage as a rare complication of anterior gastropexy.

A woman in her 70s was referred to our institution with upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding 3 months after a Toupet fundoplication with anterior gastropexy, performed due to gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and a large paraoesophageal hernia. Clinical investigation revealed two ulcers, with one of them at the gastropexy site. A couple of weeks later, the patient presented with a gastrocutaneous fistula. Failure of conservative and endoscopic treatment of the fistula and GI bleeding demanded surgical treatment. The gastropexy tissue was excised and bleeding from the left superior epigastric artery, involved at the ulcerated gastropexy site, was identified; a definitive surgical repair was performed at a second stage. This is an extremely rare complication of anterior gastropexy and bleeding from the gastropexy site, especially when refractory to endoscopic treatment, should raise suspicion for involvement of superior left epigastric artery. The timing of the definitive surgical repair might be of major relevance.

Chitosans and Nanochitosans: Recent Advances in Skin Protection, Regeneration, and Repair.

Chitosan displays a dual function, acting as both an active ingredient and/or carrier for pharmaceutical bioactive molecules and metal ions. Its hydroxyl- and amino-reactive groups and acetylation degree can be used to adjust this biopolymer's physicochemical and pharmacological properties in different forms, including scaffolds, nanoparticles, fibers, sponges, films, and hydrogels, among others. In terms of pharmacological purposes, chitosan association with different polymers and the immobilization or entrapment of bioactive agents are effective strategies to achieve desired biological responses. Chitosan biocompatibility, water entrapment within nanofibrils, antioxidant character, and antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, whether enhanced by other active components or not, ensure skin moisturization, as well as protection against bacteria colonization and oxidative imbalance. Chitosan-based nanomaterials can maintain or reconstruct skin architecture through topical or systemic delivery of hydrophilic or hydrophobic pharmaceuticals at controlled rates to treat skin affections, such as acne, inflammatory manifestations, wounds, or even tumorigenesis, by coating chemotherapy drugs. Herein, chitosan obtention, physicochemical characteristics, chemical modifications, and interactions with bioactive agents are presented and discussed. Molecular mechanisms involved in chitosan skin protection and recovery are highlighted by overlapping the events orchestrated by the signaling molecules secreted by different cell types to reconstitute healthy skin tissue structures and components.

Potencialidades y límites en la atención domiciliaria compartida entre equipos: un estudio cualitativo / Potencialidades e limites no cuidado domiciliar compartilhado entre equipes: um estudo qualitativo / Potentials and limits in home care shared between teams: a qualitative study

RESUMO Objetivo: apreender como os profissionais atuantes na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) e no Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar (SAD) percebem as potencialidades e as limitações para o cuidado compartilhado. Método: estudo descritivo exploratório, de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentado nos pressupostos teóricos da Rede de Atenção à Saúde (RAS), realizado com 10 profissionais de saúde atuantes em uma capital brasileira. Os dados foram coletados em outubro de 2019 mediante a realização de uma única sessão de grupo focal, ocasião em que foram discutidas, a partir da construção da matriz SWOT (Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities, e Threats), as forças, as fraquezas, as oportunidades e as ameaças que permeiam o cuidado compartilhado na atenção domiciliar. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. Resultados: como potencialidades, foram destacadas: as ações de cuidado realizadas em conjunto pelos diferentes profissionais das equipes; a realização de reuniões objetivas e direcionadas; a divisão de responsabilidades e a definição de papéis; e os fluxos que podem melhorar a comunicação entre as equipes e potencializar a prática do cuidado compartilhado na atenção domiciliar. Como limitações, destacam-se: o conhecimento insuficiente dos critérios de elegibilidade para a atenção domiciliar; a deficiência de recursos materiais e de tecnologia da informação; e lacunas na formação profissional. Conclusão: os resultados podem contribuir para qualificação da assistência entre os diferentes serviços que compõem a Rede de Atenção à Saúde, especialmente pela identificação dos elementos relacionados ao próprio processo de trabalho que influenciam no cuidado compartilhado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: apreciar como los profesionales activos en la Atención Primaria a la Salud y el Servicio de Atención Domiciliaria perciben las potencialidades y limitaciones para el cuidado compartido. Método: estudio descriptivo exploratorio, de abordaje cualitativo, fundamentado en los presupuestos teóricos de la Red de Atención a la Salud, realizado con 10 profesionales de la salud activos en una capital brasileña. Los datos se recogieron en octubre de 2019 mediante la realización de una única sesión de grupo focal, en la que se discutieron las fortalezas, debilidades, oportunidades y amenazas que permean el cuidado compartido en la atención domiciliaria a partir de la construcción de la matriz SWOT (Strenghts, Weaknesses, Opportunities, e Threats). Los datos se sometieron a un análisis de contenido, modalidad temática. Resultados: como potencialidades se destacaron las acciones asistenciales realizadas de forma conjunta entre los diferentes profesionales de los equipos, la celebración de reuniones objetivas y focalizadas, el reparto de responsabilidades y la definición de roles y flujos que pueden mejorar la comunicación entre los equipos y potenciar la práctica de los cuidados compartidos en la atención domiciliaria. Como limitaciones destacaron el insuficiente conocimiento de los criterios de elegibilidad para la atención domiciliaria y la falta de recursos materiales y de tecnología de la información, así como las lagunas en la formación profesional. Conclusión: los resultados pueden contribuir a la cualificación de la asistencia, entre los diferentes servicios que componen la Red de Atención a la Salud, especialmente mediante la identificación de los elementos relacionados con el proceso de trabajo que influyen en el cuidado compartido.

ABSTRACT Objective: to apprehend how professionals working in Primary Health Care (PHC) and Home Care Service (HCS) perceive the potentialities and limitations of shared care. Method: descriptive exploratory study, with a qualitative approach, based on the theoretical assumptions of the Health Care Network (HCN), carried out with 10 healthcare professionals working in one of the capitals of a state in Brazil. Data were collected in October 2019 through a single focus group session, at which time, based on the construction of the SWOT matrix (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats), strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that permeate shared care in home care. Data were submitted to content analysis, thematic modality. Results: as potentials, the following were highlighted: the care actions carried out jointly by the different professionals of the teams; conducting objective and targeted meetings; the division of responsibilities and the definition of roles; and the flows that can improve communication between teams and enhance the practice of shared care in home care. As limitations, the following stand out: insufficient knowledge of the eligibility criteria for home care; the deficiency of material resources and information technology; and gaps in professional training. Conclusion: the results can contribute to the qualification of care among the different services that make up the Health Care Network, especially by identifying elements related to the work process itself that influence shared care.