Atividade física insuficiente e consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados em adultos brasileiros / Insufficient physical activity and ultra-processed foods consumption in Brazilian adults

To estimate the prevalence of simultaneous insufficient physical activity (IPA) and excessive con-sumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF), and to verify the association between IPA and dietary habits (in natura/minimally processed foods, ultra-processed foods and food consumption markers) in Brazilian adults. Cross-sectional study with data from the Vigitel Telephone Survey 2018. 51,064 adults (≥ 20 years) were studied. IPA covered three domains: leisure, commuting and work (< 150 minutes/week). The scores for in natura/minimally processed foods and UPF (number of subgroups mentioned/previous day) were calculated; ≥ 5 UPF: excessive consumption. Questions on weekly and daily frequency of food consumption were used. Prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression. The simultaneity of IPA and consumption of UPF was 7.0% (95% CI: 6.50 - 7.55), higher among women (PR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.08 - 1.47), in residents of the Southeast (PR = 1.23; 95% CI: 1.00 - 1.51) and South (PR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.22 - 1.84), and was lower in individuals aged ≥ 40 years (40-49: PR = 0.71; 95% CI: 0.56 - 0.88; 50-59: PR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.36 - 0.58; ≥ 60: PR = 0.45; 95% CI: 0.36 - 0.56) and with health insurance (PR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.72 - 0.99). IPA was associated with lower consumption of in natura/minimally processed foods and higher consumption of UPF. There was lower regular consumption (≥ 5 days/week) of raw vegetables (PR = 0.82; 95% CI: 0.78 - 0.85), cooked vegetables (PR = 0.88; 95% CI: 0.84 - 0.92), fruit (PR = 0.78; 95% CI: 0.75 - 0.82) and juice (PR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89 - 0.97), and higher consumption of soft drinks (≥ 3 days/week: PR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.23) among individuals with IPA. They also had lower consumption of raw vegetables (2 times/day: PR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.88 - 0.98), fruit (2 times/day: PR = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.85 - 0.94; ≥ 3 times: PR = 0.84; 95% CI: 0.79 - 0.89) and juice (≥ 2 glasses/day: PR = 0.93; 95% CI: 0.89 - 0.98). An association was identified between IPA and inadequate eating habits, the subgroups most affected by both risk behaviors, which should be prioritized in health promotion and disease prevention strategies.

Estimar a prevalência de simultaneidade de atividade física insuficiente (AFI) e consumo excessivo de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP), bem como verificar a associação entre AFI e hábitos alimentares (alimentos in natura/minimamente processados, ultraprocessados e marcadores de consumo alimentar) em adultos brasileiros. Estudo transversal com dados do inquérito telefônico Vigitel 2018. Foram estudados 51.064 adultos (≥ 20 anos). AFI abarcou três domínios: lazer, deslocamento, trabalho (< 150 minutos/semana). Calcularam-se os escores de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados e AUP (número de subgrupos referidos/dia anterior); ≥ 5 AUP: consumo excessivo. Foram utilizadas questões sobre a frequência semanal e diária de consumo alimentar. Estimaram-se razões de prevalência (RP) com regressão de Poisson. A simultaneidade de AFI e consumo de AUP foi de 7,0% (IC 95%: 6,50 - 7,55), maior nas mulheres (RP = 1,26; IC 95%: 1,08 - 1,47), nos residentes do Sudeste (RP = 1,23; IC 95%: 1,00 - 1,51) e Sul (RP = 1,50; IC 95%: 1,22 - 1,84), e foi menor nos indivíduos com idade ≥ 40 anos (40-49: RP = 0,71; IC 95%: 0,56 - 0,88; 50 - 59: RP = 0,46; IC 95%: 0,36 - 0,58; ≥ 60: RP = 0,45; IC 95%: 0,36 - 0,56) e com plano de saúde (RP = 0,84; IC 95%: 0,72 - 0,99). A AFI associou-se ao menor consumo de alimentos in natura/minimamente processados e ao maior consumo de AUP. Observou-se menor consumo regular (≥ 5 dias/semana) de hortaliças cruas (RP = 0,82; IC 95%: 0,78 - 0,85), cozidas (RP = 0,88; IC 95%: 0,84 - 0,92), frutas (RP = 0,78; IC 95%: 0,75 - 0,82), suco (RP = 0,93; IC 95%: 0,89 - 0,97), e maior de refrigerante (≥ 3 dias/semana: RP = 1,17; IC 95%: 1,11 - 1,23) entre os indivíduos com AFI. Estes também apresentaram menor consumo de hortaliças cruas (2 vezes/dia: RP = 0,93; IC 95%: 0,88 - 0,98), frutas (2 vezes/dia: RP = 0,89; IC 95%: 0,85 - 0,94; ≥ 3 vezes/dia: RP = 0,84; IC 95%: 0,79 - 0,89) e suco (≥ 2 copos/dia: RP = 0,93; IC 95%: 0,89 - 0,98). Identificou-se associação entre AFI e hábitos alimentares inadequados, os subgrupos mais acometidos por ambos os comportamentos de risco, que devem ser priorizados em estratégias de promoção da saúde e prevenção de agravos.

Engagement in Health Risk Behaviours before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic in German University Students: Results of a Cross-Sectional Study.

Tobacco and cannabis use, alcohol consumption and inactivity are health risk behaviors (HRB) of crucial importance for health and wellbeing. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on university students' engagement in HRB has yet received limited attention. We investigated whether HRB changed during the COVID-19 pandemic, assessed factors associated with change and profiles of HRB changes in university students. A web-based survey was conducted in May 2020, including 5021 students of four German universities (69% female, the mean age of 24.4 years (SD = 5.1)). Sixty-one percent of students reported consuming alcohol, 45.8% binge drinking, 44% inactivity, 19.4% smoking and 10.8% cannabis use. While smoking and cannabis use remained unchanged during the COVID-19 pandemic, 24.4% reported a decrease in binge drinking while 5.4% reported an increase. Changes to physical activity were most frequently reported, with 30.6% reporting an increase and 19.3% reporting a decrease in vigorous physical activity. Being female, younger age, being bored, not having a trusted person and depressive symptoms were factors associated with a change in HRB. Five substance use behavior profiles were identified, which also remained fairly unchanged. Efforts to promote student health and wellbeing continue to be required, also in times of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Toxocaríase, asma e índice de massa corporal em crianças e adolescentes em Campinas-SP, 1996 a 1998 / Toxocariasis, asthma and body mass index in children and adolescent in Campinas, São Paulo State, Brazil, 1996-1998

OBJETIVO: analisar a associação entre diagnóstico de asma e índice de massa corporal (IMC) em crianças e adolescentes com e sem marcador sorológico para toxocaríase. MÉTODOS: estudo transversal, com dados dos prontuários de indivíduos de 2 a 14 anos de idade avaliados quanto à infecção por toxocaríase na unidade básica de saúde do Jardim Santa Mônica, Município de Campinas-SP, Brasil, tendo por referência o período de 1996 a 1998; para o estudo das associações entre presença de toxocaríase, asma e IMC, utilizou-se o teste de Wilcoxon. RESULTADOS: entre 116 participantes, 37,9 por cento tinham asma e 54,3 por cento tinham toxocaríase; aqueles com asma e toxocaríase apresentaram maiores escores z para a distribuição do IMC (p=0,04); nos indivíduos com asma e sem toxocaríase, não se encontrou essa associação (p=0,17). CONCLUSÃO: houve associação entre asma e aumento do IMC em crianças e adolescentes com toxocaríase, o que não foi observado nos indivíduos sem a parasitose.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze the association between asthma diagnosis and body mass index (BMI) in children and adolescents with and without sorological markers of toxocariasis. METHODS: this is a cross-sectional study based on the review of medical records of individuals aged 2-14 years of age, covering the period 1996-1998 and assessed for toxocariasis infection at the Jardim Santa Monica Primary Health Unit in Campinas-SP. Wilcoxon's test was used to study associations between the presence of toxocariasis, asthma and BMI. RESULTS: out of 116 eligible records, 37.9 per cent had asthma and 54.3 per cent had toxocariasis. Those having both asthma and toxocariasis had higher z scores for EMI distribution (p = 0.04). Association was not found in those having asthma but not toxocariasis (p = 0.17). CONCLUSION: association was found between asthma and increased BMI in children and adolescents with toxocariasis, but not in those who did not have toxocariasis.