Comparative analysis of the degree of patient satisfaction after breast-conserving surgery with or without oncoplastic surgery: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Conservative surgery is the gold standard for the treatment of single and small tumors and, combined with the concept of oncoplastic tumors, brings good aesthetic results while maintaining cancer safety. The objective was to comparatively analyze the degree of satisfaction of patients undergoing breast conserving surgery (BCS), with and without oncoplastic surgery (OPS) using level II OPS techniques. Methods: Review with a search in the databases MEDLINE (by PubMed), EMBASE, Clinical Trials, Scopus, Web of Science, BVS and Oppen gray. The meta-analysis of random effects was performed using the Der Simonian-Laird method considering the odds ratio (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the aesthetic outcome between women who underwent OPS and BCS (OR 0.90; 95% CI 0.62-1.30). The staging (OR 1.93; 95% CI 0.97-3.84; I 2 = 15.83%); tumor location [central (OR 1.28; 95% CI 0.06-27.49; I 2 = 17.63%); lower (OR 0.75; 95% CI 0.21-2.65; I 2 = 2.21%); superior (OR 0.67; 95% CI 0.26-1.74; I 2 = 0.00%] and tumor size (OR 8.73; 95% CI -11.82-29.28; I 2 = 93.18%) showed no association with the type of BCS performed, with or without OPS. The degree of satisfaction remains even in cases of extreme oncoplasty. Conclusion: The level of patient satisfaction in relation to BCS was similar to that of the group undergoing OPS, highlighting that OPS allows the patient's satisfaction rate to be maintained even in the case of large or multicentric tumors.

Lists of potentially inappropriate medications for older people in primary care: a systematic review of health outcomes.

This study is a systematic literature review of the association between lists of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in clinical practice and health outcomes of older adults followed up in primary health care. For this purpose, the PRISMA protocol was used to systematize the search for articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central, LIVIVO and LILACS databases, in addition to the gray literature. Studies with randomized clinical trials were selected, using explicit criteria (lists) for the identification and management of PIM in prescriptions of older patients in primary care. Of the 2,400 articles found, six were used for data extraction. The interventions resulted in significant reductions in the number of PIM and adverse drug events and, consequently, in potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) in polymedicated older adults. However, there were no significant effects of the interventions on negative clinical outcomes, such as emergency room visits, hospitalizations and death, or on improving the health status of the older adults. The use of PIM lists promotes adequate medication prescriptions for older adults in primary health care, but further studies are needed to determine the impact of reducing PIM on primary clinical outcomes.

Lists of potentially inappropriate medications for older people in primary care: a systematic review of health outcomes / Listas de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados para idosos em atenção primária: uma revisão sistemática sobre desfechos de saúde / Listas de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados para adultos mayores en la atención primaria: una revisión sistemática de los resultados de salud

Abstract: This study is a systematic literature review of the association between lists of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) in clinical practice and health outcomes of older adults followed up in primary health care. For this purpose, the PRISMA protocol was used to systematize the search for articles in the PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central, LIVIVO and LILACS databases, in addition to the gray literature. Studies with randomized clinical trials were selected, using explicit criteria (lists) for the identification and management of PIM in prescriptions of older patients in primary care. Of the 2,400 articles found, six were used for data extraction. The interventions resulted in significant reductions in the number of PIM and adverse drug events and, consequently, in potentially inappropriate prescriptions (PIP) in polymedicated older adults. However, there were no significant effects of the interventions on negative clinical outcomes, such as emergency room visits, hospitalizations and death, or on improving the health status of the older adults. The use of PIM lists promotes adequate medication prescriptions for older adults in primary health care, but further studies are needed to determine the impact of reducing PIM on primary clinical outcomes.

Resumo: Este estudo revisou sistematicamente a literatura sobre a associação de listas de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) na prática clínica e desfechos de saúde na população idosa acompanhada na atenção primária à saúde. Para tanto, o protocolo PRISMA foi usado para sistematizar a busca de artigos nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central, LIVIVO e LILACS, além da literatura cinzenta. Foram selecionados estudos com ensaios clínicos randomizados, incluindo a utilização de critérios explícitos (listas) para identificar e manejar MPI em prescrições para idosos atendidos na atenção primária. Dos 2.400 artigos encontrados, seis foram utilizados para extração de dados. As intervenções reduziram significativamente o número de MPI e eventos adversos a medicamentos e, consequentemente, nas prescrições potencialmente inadequadas em idosos polimedicados. No entanto, não houve efeitos significativos das intervenções sobre desfechos clínicos negativos (como visitas a serviços de emergência, hospitalizações e óbito) ou melhora das condições de saúde dos idosos. O uso de listas de MPI pode promover a adequação da prescrição de medicamentos para idosos na atenção primária à saúde, mas mais estudos são necessários para determinar os impactos da redução de MPI em desfechos clínicos primários.

Resumen: Este estudio realizó una revisión sistemática en la literatura sobre la asociación de listas de medicamentos potencialmente inapropiados (MPI) en la práctica clínica y los resultados de salud en la población de edad avanzada monitoreada en atención primaria de salud. Para ello, se utilizó el protocolo PRISMA para sistematizar la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Central, LIVIVO y LILACS, además de la literatura gris. Se seleccionaron estudios con ensayos clínicos aleatorizados, incluyendo el uso de criterios explícitos (listas) para identificar y manejar MPI en prescripciones para adultos mayores atendidos en atención primaria. De los 2.400 artículos encontrados, seis se utilizaron para la recolección de datos. Las intervenciones tuvieron una significativa disminución en la cantidad de MPI y eventos adversos de medicamentos y, en consecuencia, en prescripciones potencialmente inapropiadas en adultos mayores polimedicados. Sin embargo, no hubo efectos significativos de las intervenciones en los resultados clínicos negativos (como consultas a servicios de urgencias, hospitalizaciones o muerte) o mejora en las condiciones de salud de los adultos mayores. El uso de listas de MPI puede promover una adecuada prescripción de medicamentos a los adultos mayores en la atención primaria de salud, si bien se necesitan más estudios para determinar los impactos de la reducción de MPI en los resultados clínicos primarios.

Depression and associated factors among Brazilian adults: the 2019 national healthcare population-based study.

BACKGROUND: Mental disorders represent a major public health challenge worldwide, affecting 80% of people living in low- and middle-income countries. Depression, a mental disorder, is a chronic disease of long duration that causes changes in the brain, resulting from a combination of genetic, physiologic, environmental, and behavioral factors. The aim of this study was to investigate possible factors associated with depression in Brazilian adults. METHODS: A population-based, cross-sectional study was carried out using the public domain database of the 2019 National Health Survey, conducted in Brazil. Depression was considered the dependent variable, and through hierarchical analysis, predictor variables were investigated such as, at the distal level-socioeconomic variables, at the intermediate level-variables related to lifestyle behavior, health condition, and history, and at the proximal level-demographic variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to obtain the adjusted Odds Ratio and the respective 95% confidence interval to identify possible factors associated with depression. RESULTS: The study included 88,531 participant records with 10.27% diagnosed with depression. The adjusted association measurements, after selecting the independent variables in the hierarchical analysis, showed the following factors associated with depression with differing magnitudes: age, brown and white race/skin color, female sex, poor, very poor, or regular self-reported health condition, diagnosis of cardiovascular disease, work-related musculoskeletal disorder, history of smoking habit, and macroeconomic region. CONCLUSIONS: An effective strategy for preventing and managing depression in Brazilian adults must include the control of health status and lifestyle behavior factors, with actions and programs to reduce people's exposure to these factors, understanding that socioeconomic-demographic differences of each population can potentially reduce the disease burden.

Acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde e raça/cor/etnia entre mulheres: uma metanálise / Access to and utilization of health services and race/color/ethnicity among women: a meta-analysis / Acceso y utilización de los servicios de salud y raza/color/etnia entre las mujeres: un metaanálisis

Diversas barreiras podem comprometer o acesso aos serviços de saúde no Brasil, especialmente entre as mulheres negras, evidenciando a urgência em discutir esse tema à luz das iniquidades raciais e de gênero. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática com metanálise para avaliar as evidências científicas da associação entre raça/cor de pele/etnia e acesso e utilização dos serviços de saúde entre mulheres. A busca dos estudos foi realizada em cinco bases eletrônicas, incluindo literatura cinzenta, até março de 2022 e, após a extração de dados, foi realizada a avaliação da qualidade dos artigos. A metanálise estimou a medida de associação global (odds ratio) e seu intervalo de confiança de 95%. Também foi avaliado o indicador de Higgins e Thompson (I2) para classificação da heterogeneidade estatística dos dados. Foram identificados 428 registros, mas apenas três estudos atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. A raça/cor de pele/etnia negra esteve associada a desfechos negativos relacionados ao acesso/utilização dos serviços de saúde no Brasil (OR = 1,49; IC95%: 1,26-1,76; I2 = 24,01%). Neste estudo, verificou-se que existem iniquidades raciais no acesso/utilização dos serviços de saúde entre mulheres. No entanto, destaca-se a necessidade de mais estudos rigorosos para elucidar a influência da raça/cor/etnia e de elaboração de políticas públicas.

Several barriers can compromise access to health services in Brazil, especially among black women, highlighting the urgency of discussing this topic in the light of racial and gender inequalities. This study aimed to carry out a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the scientific evidence on the association between race/skin color/ethnicity and access and use of health services among women. The search for studies was carried out in five electronic databases, including the gray literature, until March 2022, and, after data extraction, the quality of the articles was evaluated. The meta-analysis estimated the global association measure (odds ratio) and its 95% confidence interval. The Higgins and Thompson indicator (I2) was also evaluated to classify the statistical heterogeneity of the data. A total of 428 records were identified, but only three studies met the eligibility criteria. Black race/skin color/ethnicity was associated with negative outcomes related to access/use of health services in Brazil (OR = 1.49; 95%CI: 1.26-1.76; I2 = 24.01%). This study showed the presence of racial inequalities in the access/use of health services among women. However, it highlights the need for more rigorous studies to elucidate the influence of race/color/ethnicity and the elaboration of public policies.

Diversos obstáculos pueden dificultar el acceso a los servicios de salud en Brasil, principalmente para las mujeres negras, lo que muestra la necesidad de discutir el tema de las inequidades racial y de género. Este estudio tiene por objetivo realizar una revisión sistemática con metaanálisis para evaluar la evidencia científica de la asociación entre raza/color/etnia y el acceso y uso de los servicios de salud por las mujeres. Se realizó una búsqueda en cinco bases de datos electrónicas, incluida la literatura gris, en el periodo hasta marzo de 2022; y tras evaluados los datos, se llevó a cabo una evaluación de la calidad de los artículos. El metaanálisis estimó la asociación global (Odds Ratio) y su intervalo de confianza del 95%. También se evaluó el indicador de Higgins y Thompson (I²) para clasificar la heterogeneidad estadística de los datos. Se identificaron 428 registros, de los cuales solo tres estudios cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. La raza/color de piel/etnia negra se asoció con desenlaces negativos relacionados al acceso/uso de los servicios de salud en Brasil (OR = 1,49; IC 95%: 1,26-1,76; I² = 24,01%). Estos hallazgos destacan las inequidades raciales en el acceso/uso de los servicios de salud entre mujeres brasileñas. Sin embargo, se necesitan investigaciones más rigurosas sobre la influencia de la raza/color/etnia y la implementación de políticas públicas efectivas.

Prevalência de anemia em gestantes das Américas: uma revisão rápida com metanálise / Prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in the Americas: a rapid review with meta-analysis

A anemia em gestantes é um relevante problema de ampla expansão geográfica, típica de grandes centros urbanos que atinge diversos países, como os da América. Estimar a prevalência nas Américas de anemia materna e anemia ferropriva em gestantes.Revisão rápida com busca no Medline, via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs e Open Grey. Incluíram-se estudos do tipo transversal, que estimassem a prevalência de anemia materna e anemia ferropriva. Foram realizadas metanálises com efeito randômico. 5.148 artigos foram encontrados, apenas 39 atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade. As metanálises apresentaram prevalência de 30% (IC95%: 28%; 32%. I2: 99,4%) para anemia materna e frequência de 32% (IC95%: 25%; 40%. I2: 96,6%) para anemia ferropriva.Anemia materna é um evento frequente na população das Américas, com 30% para anemia materna e 32% para anemia ferropriva, destacando a necessidade de medidas de prevenção e promoção à saúde mais eficazes.

Anemia in pregnant women is a relevant problem of wide geographical expansion, typical of large urban centers and that affects several countries, such as America. To estimate the prevalence of maternal anemia and iron deficiency anemia in pregnant women in the Americas.Rapid review with search in Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciELO, Lilacs and Open Grey databases. Cross-sectional studies that estimated the prevalence of maternal anemia and iron deficiency anemia were included. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. 5148 articles were found, only 30 met the eligibility criteria. Meta-analyses showed a prevalence of 30% (95%CI: 28%; 32%. I2: 99.4%) for maternal anemia and a frequency of 32% (95%CI: 25%; 40%. I2: 96.6%) for iron deficiency anemia. Maternal anemia is a frequent event in the population of the Americas, with prevalence of 30% for maternal anemia and 32% for iron deficiency anemia, highlighting the need for more effective prevention and health promotion measures.

A systematic review on the cost-effectiveness assessment of tisagenlecleucel for refractory or relapsing B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (R/R B-ALL) treatment in children and young adults.

BACKGROUND AIMS: The advanced therapy product tisagenlecleucel is a CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy that has brought hope for children and young adults with relapsed/refractory (R/R) B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of tisagenlecleucel compared with conventional salvage therapies in pediatric and young adult patients with R/R B-ALL. METHODS: This systematic review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses parameters as registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42021266998). Literature was searched using the MEDLINE databases via PubMed, EMBASE, Lilacs, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Web of Science in January 2022. Titles were screened independently by two reviewers. Articles deemed to meet the inclusion criteria were screened independently on abstract, and full texts were reviewed. RESULTS: In total, 5627 publications were identified, from which six eligible studies were selected. The conventional therapies identified were blinatumomab (Blina), clofarabine monotherapy (Clo-M), clofarabine combined with cyclophosphamide and etoposide (Clo-C) and the combination of fludarabine, cytarabine and idarubicin (FLA-IDA). The discounted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gained for tisagenlecleucel compared with Clo-C and Blina averages was $38 837 and $25 569, respectively. In relation to the cost of the drug, the average of tisagenlecleucel was approximately 4.3 times, 10.8 times or 4.7 times greater than the Clo-M, Clo-C and Blina, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This systematic review highlighted that tisagenlecleucel is a much more expensive therapy than conventional alternatives. However, tisagenlecleucel performed well on the ICER, not exceeding $100 000/QALY. It was also found that the advanced therapy product was more effective than the conventional small molecule and biological drugs, in terms of life years and QALY gained.

Accuracy of mortality indicators due sepsis-associated deaths in the Federal District / Acurácia dos indicadores de mortalidade devido a sepse dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal / Precisión de los indicadores de mortalidad por sepsis de las defunciones ocurridas en el Distrito Federal

Background: Sepsis currently represents a challenge for health systems, this fact may be related to the spread of bacterial resistance, the increase in the population of elderly, immunosuppressed individuals, and the improvement of emergency care, favoring the survival of critically ill patients. This article aimed to evaluate the accuracy of mortality indicators due to sepsis in 2018. Method: Validation study of death certificates that occurred in the Federal District in 2018. Declarations whose basic causes of death identified were classified as garbage codes were identified, which were investigated by a multidisciplinary team, capable of reclassifying them with codes that allow for the improvement of health data. In order to assess accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratios of death certificates from sepsis were calculated, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 6.244 statements were evaluated, of which 233 (3.74%) presented sepsis as the underlying cause before being investigated and only 35 (0.56%) maintained it after the investigation. The filling of statements with sepsis as the underlying cause by physicians showed a sensitivity of 0.9% (95%CI: 0.6 to 1.3) and a specificity of 92.0% (95%CI: 90.9 to 93.1). Conclusion: The low accuracy of the declarations demonstrates the non-reliability of the underlying cause of death from sepsis, especially the completion of death certificates that occurred in the Federal District in 2018.(AU)

Justificativa: A sepse, atualmente, representa um desafio para os sistemas de saúde, tal fato pode estar relacionado com a disseminação da resistência bacteriana, o aumento da população de idosos, os indivíduos imunossuprimidos, e a melhoria do atendimento de emergência, favorecendo a sobrevivência de pacientes críticos. Este artigo teve por objetivo avaliar a acurácia dos indicadores de mortalidade devido à sepse em 2018. Método: Estudo de validação da causa básica dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal em 2018. Foram identificadas as declarações de óbito cujas causas básicas de morte apontadas foram classificadas como garbage code sepse, as quais foram investigadas por uma equipe multidisciplinar, capacitada para reclassificá-las com códigos que permitem o aprimoramento dos dados em saúde. A fim de avaliar a acurácia, foram calculados os valores de sensibilidade, especificidade, valores preditivos positivo e negativo, razões de verossimilhança positiva e negativa das declarações dos óbitos por sepse, com intervalos de confiança de 95%. Resultados: Um total de 6.244 declarações foram avaliadas, das quais 233 (3,74%) apresentavam a sepse como causa básica antes de serem investigadas e apenas 35 (0,56%) mantiveram-na após a investigação. O preenchimento das declarações com a sepse enquanto causa básica pelos médicos apresentou sensibilidade de 0,9% (IC95%: 0,6 a 1,3) e especificidade de 92,0% (IC95%: 90,9 a 93,1). Conclusão: A baixa acurácia das declarações demonstra a não fidedignidade da causa básica de óbito por sepse, sobretudo, do preenchimento das declarações dos óbitos ocorridos no Distrito Federal em 2018.(AU)

Justificación: Sepsis representa en la actualidad un desafío para los sistemas de salud, este hecho puede estar relacionado con propagación de resistencias bacterianas, aumento de la población de ancianos, inmunodeprimidos, y mejora de la atención de urgencias, favoreciendo la supervivencia de los pacientes críticos. Este artículo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la precisión de los indicadores de mortalidad por sepsis en 2018. Método: Estudio de validación de causa básica de muertes ocurridas en Distrito Federal en 2018. Se identificaron actas de defunción cuyas causas básicas de muerte fueron clasificadas como sepsis código basura y fueron investigadas por un equipo multidisciplinario capacitado para reclasificarlas con códigos que permitan la mejora de datos de salud. Para evaluar la precisión, se calcularon sensibilidad, especificidad, valores predictivos positivo y negativo y razones de verosimilitud positiva y negativa de certificados de defunción por sepsis, con intervalos de confianza del 95%. Resultados: se evaluaron 6.244 declaraciones, de las cuales 233 (3,74%) tenían como causa básica la sepsis antes de ser investigadas y solo 35 (0,56%) mantuvieron después de investigación. Realización de declaraciones con sepsis como causa subyacente por parte de los médicos mostró sensibilidad del 0,9% (95%IC: 0,6 a 1,3) y especificidad del 92,0% (95%IC: 90,9 a 93,1). Conclusión: Baja precisión de las declaraciones demuestra la poca confiabilidad de la causa subyacente de muerte por sepsis, especialmente la finalización de los certificados de defunción ocurridos en Distrito Federal en 2018.(AU)

The effect of probiotics on postsurgical complications in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

CONTEXT: Clinical trials have investigated the effect of probiotics on postsurgical complications in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, so far, there are no systematic reviews evaluating the effect of probiotics and synbiotics on the clinical or infectious postsurgical complications of colorectal cancer. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review was to synthesize the best available evidence on the effects of the use of probiotics or synbiotics on pre-, peri-, and post-operative complications of CRC surgical resection. DATA SOURCES: A search of the PubMed, Embase, LILACS, Scopus, Cochrane, Web of Science, ProQuest, and Google Scholar databases was conducted for clinical trials published up until January 2022. DATA EXTRACTION: The population characteristics, period and protocol of supplementation, and postoperative complications were extracted and reported. A random-effects model was used to estimate the effect of probiotic and synbiotic treatment on these variables. DATA SYNTHESIS: In total, 2518 studies were identified, of which 16 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 13 in the meta-analysis. Overall, probiotic supplementation reduced the incidence of ileus (odds ratio [OR] = .13, 95% confidence interval [CI]: .02, .78), diarrhea (OR = .32, 95% CI: .15, .69), abdominal collection (OR: .35, 95% CI: .13, .92), sepsis (OR = .41, 95% CI: .22, .80), pneumonia (OR = .39, 95% CI: .19, .83), and surgical site infection (OR = .53, 95% CI: .36, .78). The results of the subgroup analysis indicated that lower dose (<109 colony-forming units), higher duration of supplementation (>14 days), and being administrated ≤5 days before and >10 days after surgery was more effective at reducing the incidence of surgical site infection. CONCLUSION: Probiotics and synbiotics seem to be a promising strategy for the prevention of postoperative complications after CRC surgery. Larger, high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed to establish the optimal treatment protocol for the use of probiotics and synbiotics in preventing postoperative complications for CRC surgery.

New Insights on the Association Between Socioeconomic Status and Weight Loss After Bariatric Surgery: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

The effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on weight loss (WL) after bariatric surgery (BS) remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the association between SES and WL at least 12 months after BS. This study included 53 observational studies (retrieved from databases in October 2021 and updated in February 2022) involving adults who underwent any type of BS; SES data and data regarding outcomes of weight loss were also retrieved. Our results revealed that white individuals had a higher percentage of excess WL than blacks (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.25-10.99, heterogeneity index [I2] = 44.87% and 95% CI: 8.08-13.59, I2 = 0%, respectively; both p < 0.01) after 12 and 24 months of BS. In conclusion, only race/ethnicity was associated with WL after BS.

Obesity in young women is positively associated with periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: This cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the association between excess body weight and periodontitis in adults, stratified by sex and age, and using different criteria for obesity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Enrolled in the study were 345 individuals with a minimum age of 18 years who had attended the Public Health Service in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. All individuals underwent a complete periodontal examination and anthropometric measurements and answered a questionnaire regarding their socioeconomic, demographic, health, and lifestyle conditions. Excess body weight (exposure factor) was defined using body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Prevalence ratios (PRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were obtained by Poisson regression analysis with robust variance. RESULTS: Periodontitis was found in 74.2% of study participants, with the disease being more prevalent among those individuals with increased WC. The occurrence of overweight was 44.4% and that of obesity ranged from 29.9 to 70.8%, dependent upon the specific definition of obesity that was used. There was a positive association between obesity (WC > 88 cm) and periodontitis only among women, after adjustment for age, smoking habit, education level, diabetes, and family income (PRadjusted: 1.20; 95%CI: [1.01-1.44]). The magnitude of this positive association was higher among women aged 18 to 49 years when the outcome was severe periodontitis, and the exposure was obesity defined by WC. CONCLUSIONS: The findings draw attention to the high frequency of the diseases investigated: overweight, obesity and periodontitis. Moreover, obesity was positively associated with periodontitis in women and younger individuals, demonstrating that among those with obesity, there is a higher probability of having periodontitis. The smaller number study of men in the may have influenced the non-statistically significant association found in that group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Obese females and younger people are more likely to also have periodontitis. Periodontal evaluation and clinical management of individuals with obesity is recommended.

Nutritional status of children under five years of age in Rondônia, Brazil Northern region and in Brazil: 2008 to 2019 / Estado nutricional das crianças menores de cinco anos em Rondônia, região Norte e Brasil: 2008 a 2019

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the nutritional profiles of children under five years of age in the state of Rondônia, comparing them with those from the Northern Region of Brazil and from Brazil. Methods This was a time series ecological study. Data were collected from the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System. The information concerned Body Mass Index by age, gender and place of residence. A time-trend analysis was performed using linear regression applying the Prais-Winsten technique and serial autocorrelation verification using the Durbin and Watson test in Stata®16.0. Results There was an annual increasing trend for the thinness, risk of overweight, overweight and obesity regardless of gender, age and location and for extreme thinness, with the exception of girls and for the age of 2 to 5 years, which revealed a stationary trend. Among boys and children of both genders under two years of age, annual growth trends were higher for non-eutrophic nutritional status when compared to the other groups. The growth rates of nutritional disorders found in the Northern region were higher than in the state of Rondônia and in Brazil. Conclusion It is necessary to review health policies aiming at the promotion and prevention of nutritional problems considering the current situation where extreme conditions such as thinness and obesity coexist, with special attention to male children under 2 years of age.

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever o perfil nutricional de crianças menores de cinco anos no estado de Rondônia comparando com dados da Região Norte e do Brasil. Métodos Estudo ecológico do tipo série temporal. Os dados foram coletados do Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional e utilizou-se o Índice de Massa Corporal por idade, sexo e local de moradia. Foi realizada análise de tendência temporal por meio de regressão linear aplicando a técnica de Prais-Winsten e verificação de autocorrelação serial por meio do teste de Durbin e Watson no Stata®16.0. Resultados Houve tendência anual crescente para a magreza, risco de sobrepeso, sobrepeso e obesidade independente do sexo, idade e local, e para a magreza extrema com exceção das meninas e para a idade de dois a cinco anos, que tiveram tendência estacionária. Entre os meninos e crianças menores de dois anos, as tendências de crescimento foram mais elevadas para o estado nutricional não eutrófico quando comparado aos outros grupos. As taxas de crescimento de agravos nutricionais encontradas na região Norte foram superiores ao estado de Rondônia e ao Brasil. Conclusão É necessário rever as políticas de saúde visando a promoção e prevenção de agravos nutricionais considerando a atualidade e onde coabitam extremos como a magreza e obesidade, com atenção especial às crianças com menos de dois anos e do sexo masculino.

Periodontite materna e baixo peso ao nascer: revisão sistemática e metanálise / Maternal periodontitis and low birth weight: systematic review and meta-analysis

Resumo Evidências recentes apontam para a influência de processos inflamatórios periodontais na ocorrência de baixo peso ao nascer. Embora muitos estudos empregaram métodos robustos de investigação, ainda não existe consenso sobre o tópico. Analisar sistematicamente a relação entre a periodontite materna e o baixo peso ao nascer. A busca por estudos foi realizada até abril de 2019. Os delineamentos de estudos incluídos foram coorte e caso-controle que estimaram a associação entre a periodontite e o baixo peso ao nascer, sem limite quanto ao idioma ou data da publicação. Análise de heterogeneidade dos estudos, análises de subgrupo e metanálises com modelo de efeitos randômicos foram realizadas. Foram estimadas as medidas de associação sumária por meio da Odds Ratio bruta e ajustada, com respectivos intervalos de confiança a 95%. A inspeção visual de gráficos foi empregada para avaliar viés de publicação. Um total de 21 artigos foram identificados e todos foram selecionados para a metanálise. O modelo final aponta que a periodontite em gestantes se associou ao baixo peso ao nascer (ORbruta=2,13; IC95%=1,60-2,83; I2=80,0% e ORajustada=2,64; IC95%=2,04-3,42; I2=17,4%). Gestantes com periodontite podem ter mais que o dobro de probabilidade de terem filhos com baixo peso ao nascer.

Abstract Recent evidence points to the influence of periodontal inflammatory processes on the occurrence of low birth weight. Although many studies employed robust investigation methods, there is still no general agreement on the relationship between maternal periodontitis and low birth weight. The search for studies was conducted until April 2019. The studies included cohort and case-control studies that estimated the association between periodontitis and low birth weight, with no restriction on language or date of publication. Analysis of the heterogeneity of studies, subgroup analyses and meta-analyses with a random effects model were performed. Summary association measurements were estimated using the crude and adjusted Odds Ratio, with respective 95% confidence intervals. Visual inspection of graphs was used to assess publication bias. A total of 21 articles were identified, all of which were selected for the meta-analysis. The final model indicates that periodontitis in pregnant women was associated with low birth weight (ORgross=2.13; CI95%=1.60-2.83; I2=80.0% and ORadjusted=2.64; CI95%=2.04-3.42; I2=17.4%). Pregnant women with periodontitis may be more than twice as likely to have low birth weight babies.

An accuracy study of the clinical diagnosis of periodontitis in pregnant women.

BACKGROUND: There exists a diverse range of criteria used in epidemiological studies for the diagnosis of periodontitis. The results from these studies should be evaluated with consideration to the diagnostic criteria used, and this may account for differences between studies especially in some population groups such as pregnant females. The objective is to evaluate the diagnostic criteria used in a variety of epidemiologic studies of periodontitis in pregnant females. METHODS: An accuracy study with cross-sectional design was performed out from a database of 671 pregnant females, using six different sets of criteria for the diagnosis of periodontitis. Women were classified for periodontitis, as follows: Center for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology (CDC/AAP, 2012 criterion), the gold standard, Gomes-Filho et al.(2018) criterion, Albandar et al.(2007) criterion, Bassani et al.(2007) criterion, López et al.(2002) criterion, and Nesse et al.(2008) criterion. For comparison amongst the gold standard and the other criteria, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and likelihood ratio were determined. RESULTS: The frequency of periodontitis ranged from 25.0% to 90.2%. The Bassani et al. (2007) criterion was found to be more sensitive among the studies, and thus more suitable for diagnostic screening studies. Gomes-Filho et al.(2018), Albandar et al. (2007), López et al. (2002), and Nesse et al. (2008) criteria were considered more specific, which makes them more useful for studies of periodontitis with the aim of using diagnosis for confirmation of disease. CONCLUSIONS: A variation in the occurrence of periodontitis was observed. The criterion must be chosen according to the research aims and population characteristics.

Oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy and nutrition in preterm newborns: meta-analysis

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To investigated the effect of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy in reducing the time required for very low birth weight preterm newborns (VLBW-PTNB: < 1,500g and < 37 weeks) to achieve full enteral nutrition. METHODS Literature search was conducted using four databases, including gray literature, with additional manual search of the references of selected articles. Eligibility criteria consisted of randomized clinical trials, without restriction regarding the date or language of the publication. Two independent reviewers performed the article selection and data extraction. The random-effects meta-analysis used a non-standard technique to assess the mean difference in days to achieve full enteral nutrition, carried out by the Stata 15 statistic program. RESULTS The systematic review comprised 10 studies, and five were selected for meta-analysis, with a population of 764 VLBW-PTNB and gestational age of birth between 25 and 32 weeks. The studies were conducted between 2011 and 2018 in North America, Asia and Africa, with only one conducted in South America. Altogether, they reported the number of days it took 708 VLBW-PTNB to achieve full enteral nutrition, with newborns treated with immunotherapy showing a shorter time in only three studies. Meta-analysis showed a mean difference of -4.26 days, (95% CI -7.44; -1.08d), with high heterogeneity (I2 = 83.1%). CONCLUSION The use of oropharyngeal colostrum immunotherapy can reduce the time for VLBW-PTNB to achieve full nutrition when compared to those who used a placebo or received routine care.

Inquérito de saúde em população quilombola baiana: relato de uma experiência em pesquisa epidemiológica / Population health survey in Quilombola communities in Bahia State: an epidemiological research experience

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar as experiências formativas vivenciadas durante a preparação e o desenvolvimento de inquérito epidemiológico desenvolvido em comunidades quilombolas de região geográfica baiana. O envolvimento de pesquisadores de diferentes profissões, das Ciências Humanas e da Saúde, contribuiu na construção do projeto, seleção e ajuste dos instrumentos, bem como na execução da coleta de dados. Ao longo do processo foi percebido amadurecimento humanístico, profissional e científico dos pesquisadores e acadêmicos colaboradores. Neste sentido, ocorreram e ocorrerão avanços na compreensão do cuidado equânime em saúde, consolidadas através de práticas que respeitam os aspectos históricos e socioculturais dos usuários e comunidades atendidas pelo serviço de saúde.

The aim of this article is to report the formative experiences encountered during the preparation and development of an epidemiological survey undertaken with residents of quilombola communities (inhabitants of black communities) in Bahia. Researchers from different fields including the humanities and health sciences were involved in contributing to the construction of the project, selection and adjustment of the instruments, as well as the execution of data collection. In the process, it was possible to perceive the humanistic, professional and scientific maturation of the researchers and academicians involved. In light of this, advances were made and will continue to be made, in the understanding of equitable health care, consolidated through practices that respect the historical and sociocultural characteristics of users and communities supported by health services.

Mortalidade por causas externas no estado de Rondônia: análise de série temporal de 1999 a 2015 / Mortality due to external causes in the state of Rondônia: time series analysis from 1999 to 2015 / Mortalidad por causas externas en el Estado de Rondônia: análisis de serie temporal de 1999 a 2015

Objetivo: descrever a mortalidade por causas externas no Estado de Rondônia no período de 1999 e 2015. Método: estudo de série temporal utilizando dados da Declaração de Óbito disponibilizados pela Agência de Vigilância em Saúde do Estado de Rondônia. Para a análise de tendência realizou-se regressão linear utilizando o pacote estatístico Stata®11. Resultados: foram registrados no Estado de Rondônia 111.651 óbitos sendo 22,2% classificados como causas externas. O coeficiente médio de óbitos por esta causa no período foi 89,7 por 100.000 habitantes e desvio padrão de 6,5. A regressão linear apresentou um aumento anual nos óbitos por acidentes de trânsito de 2,1%, os óbitos por agressões tiveram um decréscimo anual de 1,98%, suicídios e outras causas externas permaneceram estacionárias. Conclusão: os resultados evidenciaram a necessidade de fortalecimento das ações preventivas entre homens jovens e políticas públicas para redução de acidentes de trânsito no estado de Rondônia

Objective: the objective was to describe the mortality from external causes in the State of Rondônia in the period of 1999 and 2015. Method: a time series study using data from the Death Certificates provided by the Health Surveillance Agency of the State of Rondônia. Linear regression was used for the trend analysis using the statistical package Stata®11. Results: 111,651 deaths were recorded in the State of Rondônia, 22.2% of which were classified as external causes. The mean number of deaths due to this cause in the period was 89.7 per 100,000 inhabitants and the standard deviation was 6.5. The linear regression showed an annual increase in deaths due to traffic accidents of 2.1%, deaths due to aggressions had an annual decrease of 1.98%, suicides and other external causes remained stationary. Conclusion: the results evidenced the need to strengthen preventive actions among young men and public policies to reduce accidents in the state of Rondônia

Objetivo: el objetive fue describir la mortalidad por causas externas en el Estado de Rondônia en el período de 1999 y 2015. Método: estudio de serie temporal utilizando datos de la Declaración de Óbito disponibilizados por la Agencia de Vigilancia en Salud del Estado de Rondônia. Para el análisis de tendencia se realizó regresión lineal utilizando el paquete estadístico Stata®11. Resultados: se registraron en el Estado de Rondônia 111.651 óbitos siendo 22,2% clasificados como causas externas. El coeficiente medio de muertes por esta causa en el período fue 89,7 por 100.000 habitantes y desviación estándar de 6,5. La regresión lineal presentó un aumento anual en las muertes por accidentes de tránsito del 2,1%, las muertes por agresiones tuvieron un descenso anual del 1,98% y los suicídios y otras causas externas permanecieron estacionarias. Conslusión: los resultados evidenciaron la necesidad de fortalecimiento de las acciones preventivas entre hombres jóvenes y políticas públicas para reducción de accidentes en el estado de Rondônia

Maternal exposure to alcohol and low birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis / Exposição maternal ao álcool e baixo peso ao nascer: revisão sistemática e metanálise

Abstract Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal exposure to alcohol and low birthweight (LBW). Methods The literature search was performed in January 2017 using the following electronic databases: Medline, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL, Proquest, and PsychInfo. The search strategy used the following terms: alcohol drinking, binge drinking, alcohol-related disorders, alcoholism, alcohol addiction/ use/abuse/consumption, light/moderate/social/low drinking, low birthweight, case-control studies, retrospective studies, and cohort studies. No restrictions regarding language or publication date were considered. The literature search yielded 2,383 articles, and after screening and eligibility assessment, 39 articles were included in the systematic review, and 38 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Results Maternal alcohol consumption was associated with LBWamong retrospective cohort studies (relative risk [RR] = 1.37; 95%CI [confidence interval]:1.10-1.77; I2 = 98.4%; p < 0.01). Prospective cohort studies (RR = 1.11; 95%CI: 0.98-1.25; I2 = 81.5%; p < 0.01), and case-control studies (odds ration [OR] = 1.16; 95%CI: 0.68-1.97; I2 = 61.2%; p = 0.05) showed no association between alcohol and LBW.No publication bias was identified, and the meta-regression showed that the sample size influenced the high heterogeneity among retrospective cohort studies. The subgroup analysis showed differences in association between groups when compared by sample size, type of adjustment, or crude measures and publication year. Conclusions We have not found an association between alcohol consumption during gestation and LBW in the analysis in all of the subgroups. In addition, we have found a high heterogeneity between the primary studies, which is related to methodological differences in the conduction of these studies.

Resumo Objetivo Investigar a associação entre a exposição maternal ao álcool e o baixo peso ao nascer. Método A busca na literatura ocorreu em janeiro de 2017 nas seguintes bases de dados eletrônicas: Medline, Embase, LILACS, SciELO, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL, Proquest, e PsychInfo. A estratégia de busca utilizou os seguintes termos: alcohol drinking, binge drinking, alcohol-related disorders, alcoholism, alcohol addiction/use/ abuse/consumption, light/moderate/social/low drinking, low birthweight, case-control studies, retrospective studies, e cohort studies. Não houve restrição de idioma e ano de publicação. A busca na literatura identificou 2.383 artigos, e depois de analisados conforme os critério de elegibilidade, foram incluídos na revisão sistemática 39 estudos, e 38 estudos foram incluídos na metanálise. Resultados A amostra foi composta por 497.023 gestantes. O consumo materno de álcool foi associado ao baixo peso ao nascer entre os estudos de coorte retrospectiva (risco relativo [RR] = 1,37; IC [intervalo de confiança] 95%: 1,10-1,77; I2 = 98,4%; p < 0,01). Os estudos de coorte prospectiva (RR = 1,11; IC95%: 0,98-1,25; I2 = 81,5%; p < 0,01) e caso-controle (razão de chances [OR, na sigla em inglês] = 1,16; IC95%: 0,68-1,97; I2 = 61,2%; p = 0,05) não apresentaram associação entre o consumo e o desfecho. Não foi identificado viés de publicação, e a metarregressão mostrou que o tamanho da amostra influenciou a heterogeneidade entre os estudos de coorte prospectiva. Na análise por subgrupo, houve diferenças entre os grupos por tamanho de amostra, por tipo de ajuste e por ano de publicação. Conclusão Não encontramos associação entre o consumo e o baixo peso ao nascer em todas as análises por subgrupo. Além disso, encontramos alta heterogeneidade entre os estudos primários, e isto se deve possivelmente às diferenças metodológicas na condução destes estudos.

Problema crônico de coluna/dor nas costas em população quilombolas de região baiana, nordeste brasileiro / Problema/dolor crónico de la columna/espalda en la población quilombola de Bahía, en el Nordeste brasileño / Chronic spinal problem/back pain in quilombola populations of Bahia, Northeast of Brazil

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de problemas crônicos de coluna ou dor nas costas (PCC/DC), os fatores sociodemográficos e de estilo de vida e as doenças crônicas associadas em adultos quilombolas. Foi realizado estudo epidemiológico, populacional e seccional, com amostra representativa de uma região de um estado nordestino. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista com formulário padronizado. A análise estatística consistiu na regressão de Poisson robusta, com cálculo das razões de prevalência, intervalo de confiança (95%) e nível de significância inferior a 5%. A prevalência de PCC/DC foi de 50,5% (intervalo de confiança - IC95%: 47,1:53,9), independentemente associada ao grupo etário, à qualidade do sono, à saúde autorreferida, à deficiência locomotora e aos distúrbios osteomusculares relacionados ao trabalho (Dort). Houve maior probabilidade de exposição aos PCC/DC para os quilombolas com idade >40 anos, má qualidade do sono, pior saúde autorreferida, diagnóstico de Dort e deficiência locomotora.

RESUMEN El presente estudio buscó verificar la prevalencia de Problemas Crónicos de Columna o Dolor de Espalda (PCC/DE) y los factores sociodemográficos, de estilo de vida y las enfermedades crónicas asociadas en adultos quilombolas. Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico, poblacional y seccional, con una muestra representativa de una región del Nordeste brasileño. Los datos se recolectaron por medio de una entrevista con formulario estandarizado. El análisis estadístico consistió en la regresión de Poisson robusta, con cálculo de las razones de prevalencia, el intervalo de confianza (95%) y el nivel de significancia inferior al 5%. La prevalencia de PCC/DE fue del 50,5% (intervalo de confianza - IC95%: 47,1:53,9), independientemente asociada al grupo de edad, la calidad del sueño, la salud autorreferida, la deficiencia locomotora y los disturbios osteomusculares relacionados al trabajo (Dort). Se observó que hubo una mayor probabilidad de exposición a los PCC/DE en los quilombolas con edad >40 años, mala calidad del sueño, peor salud autorreferida, diagnóstico de Dort y deficiencia locomotora.

ABSTRACT The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic spinal problems or back pain (CSP/BP) and the sociodemographic factors, the lifestyle, the chronic diseases associated with quilombola adults. We carried out a population, sectional, epidemiological study with a representative sample from a Northeastern state. We collected data by interviewing participants using a standardized form. Statistical analysis comprised robust Poisson regression, prevalence ratios, confidence interval (95%), and significance level lower than 5%. The prevalence of CSP/BP was of 50.5% (95% CI: 47.1: 53.9), independently associated with age, sleep quality, self-reported health, motor disabilities, and work-related musculoskeletal disorders. We observed higher exposure to CSP/BP among quilombolas aged >40 years, with poor sleep quality and poor self-reported health diagnosed with work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) and motor disabilities.