Predominio de la caries dental en niños de una pequeña ciudad brasileña / Dental caries prevalence in children from a brazilian small town

Objetivo: determinar el predominio de la caries dental en niños de 6 a 12 años de edad que viven en las zonas urbanas y rurales en una pequeña ciudad en Brasil, así como comprobar la relación entre aspectos demográficos y la experiencia de caries. Materia y Métodos: el estudio transversal se llevó a cabo con una población de 185 estudiantes que residen en la ciudad de Patis, estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil, siendo 72 de 6 años de edad y 113 de 12 años de edad. Después del cepillado supervisado, los niños fueron examinados. Resultados: se observó que el predominio de caries en dentición primaria en los niños de 6 años de edad fue 87,5% y el índice de ceod de 5,2 y 74,4%, y CPOD de 2,8 entre los estudiantes de 12 años. El predominio de caries dental fue elevada entre los niños de 6 a 12 años de edad, residentes en las zonas rurales con un predominio del componente cariado de los índices ceod y CPOD. Conclusiones: los resultados han demostrado que existe una necesidad de tratamiento acumulado y una baja cobertura de servicios dentales locales, lo que sugiere la importancia de centralizar los esfuerzos para adoptar mejores estrategias para cambiar la situación existente.

Objectives: the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren between 6 and 12 years old living in urban and rural areas of a small city of Brazil, to investigate the relationship between demographics and caries experience. Methods: we conducted cross-sectional study population of 185 children living in the city of Patis, Minas Gerais State. Seventy two children were 6 years- old and 113 were 12 12 year old. Children were examined after supervised toothbrushing. Results: it was observed that the prevalence of caries in primary teeth in 6 year old school children was 87.5% and the dmft index was5.2 and in the 12 year old group, a prevalence of 74.4%, and DMFT of 2.8. The prevalence of dental caries was higher in 6 than in 12 year old children, living in rural areas with a predominance of the decay component of the results showed the need for accumulated treatment and low coverage of the local dental service, suggesting the importance to centralize efforts to adopt more appropiate strategies to reverse the deficit situation.

Effect of vegetable oil (Brazil nut oil) and mineral oil (liquid petrolatum) on dental biofilm control.

Dental biofilm control represents a basic procedure to prevent caries and the occurrence of periodontal diseases. Currently, toothbrushes and dentifrices are used almost universally, and the employment of good oral hygiene allows for appropriate biofilm removal by both mechanical and chemical control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding vegetable or mineral oil to a commercially available dentifrice in dental biofilm control. A comparison using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) was performed in 30 individuals who were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (G1) received a commercially available dentifrice; the composition of this dentifrice was modified by addition of mineral oil (Nujol®) for group 2 (G2) or a vegetable oil (Alpha Care®) for group 3 (G3) at 10% of the total volume, respectively. The two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) was used to test the effect of group (G1, G2 and G3) or time (baseline, 45 days and 90 days) on the OHI-S index scores. Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in the OHI-S at day 90 in G2 (p < 0.05) and G3 (p < 0.0001) in comparison to G1. Therefore, the addition of a vegetable or a mineral oil to a commercially available dentifrice improved dental biofilm control, suggesting that these oils may aid in the prevention and/or control of caries and periodontal disease.

Effect of vegetable oil (Brazil nut oil) and mineral oil (liquid petrolatum) on dental biofilm control

Dental biofilm control represents a basic procedure to prevent caries and the occurrence of periodontal diseases. Currently, toothbrushes and dentifrices are used almost universally, and the employment of good oral hygiene allows for appropriate biofilm removal by both mechanical and chemical control. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of adding vegetable or mineral oil to a commercially available dentifrice in dental biofilm control. A comparison using the Oral Hygiene Index Simplified (OHI-S) was performed in 30 individuals who were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1 (G1) received a commercially available dentifrice; the composition of this dentifrice was modified by addition of mineral oil (Nujol®) for group 2 (G2) or a vegetable oil (Alpha Care®) for group 3 (G3) at 10 percent of the total volume, respectively. The two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA) was used to test the effect of group (G1, G2 and G3) or time (baseline, 45 days and 90 days) on the OHI-S index scores. Statistical analysis revealed a significant reduction in the OHI-S at day 90 in G2 (p < 0.05) and G3 (p < 0.0001) in comparison to G1. Therefore, the addition of a vegetable or a mineral oil to a commercially available dentifrice improved dental biofilm control, suggesting that these oils may aid in the prevention and/or control of caries and periodontal disease.

Influência da Dieta e da Higiene Oral na Prevalência da Cárie Dentária de Crianças Com Paralisia Cerebral / Influence of Diet and Oral Hygiene on Dental Caries Prevalence of Children with Cerebral Palsy

Objetivo: Comparar a prevalência de cárie dentária na dentadura decídua e dentição mista, o índice de higiene oral e a dieta de crianças institucionalizadas e não institucionalizadas com paralisia cerebral; verificar a influência da dieta e da higiene oral na incidência da cárie e descrever os fatores econômicos das crianças não institucionalizadas.Métodos: Foi realizado estudo transversal com trinta e três crianças institucionalizadas e trinta e sete não institucionalizadas que definiram os grupos de estudo I e II respectivamente. Os grupos foram subdivididos por idade para avaliação do CPOD e ceod. Foram obtidos dados relativos à higiene bucal diária, o diário dietético recordatório de 3 dias, os fatores socioeconômicos e à disfunção alimentar. Após exame clínico e análise dos questionários, os dados foram tabulados e analisados estatisticamente. Para a comparação entre os grupos em relação à idade, utilizou-se o teste t de Student para amostras independentes. Para a diferença entre os grupos, quanto à higiene oral e à disfunção alimentar aplicou-se o teste Qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher (nos casos em que ocorreram valores esperados >5). A comparação entre os grupos, bem como a avaliação da influência da freqüência da escovação, uso do fio dental, pasta fluoretada, o fato de receber ajuda para higienização bucal e alimentação, foi realizada utilizando-se o teste de Mann-Whitney. Para a avaliação da influência do grau de disfunção alimentar nos índices CPOD, biofilme dentário, cálculo e IHOS foi realizado o teste de Kruskal-Wallis. Todos os resultados foram considerados significativos para a probabilidade de significância inferior a 5% (p<0,05). A concordância intra-examinador foi avaliada através do índice de Kappa (89,1% e 94,6%).

Resultados: Os resultados mostraram valores menores para o grupo I no CPOD e ceod e no IHO-S quando comparados com o grupo II. Somente os valores do CPOD (3-6 anos de idade=0) foram iguais para ambos os grupos. O índice do consumo de sacarose foi 22 para o grupo I e 8.6 para o grupo II. A disfunção alimentar avaliada demonstrou presença de disfunção no grupo I (GI=54%) e no grupo II (GII=81.9%). O grupo II consistiu em 51.45% na classe econômica C e 35.1% de classe D. O índice de higiene oral e de consumo de sacarose não demonstraram relação com os índices de cárie dentária nos dois grupos. Quanto a dieta, as alterações alimentares encontradas em conjunto com as alterações motoras inerentes à doença influenciaram o IHO-S em toda amostra estudada.Conclusão: A alteração da dieta e a educação dos pais e responsáveis quanto à saúde oral devem ser objetivo de todos aqueles que trabalham com pacientes com paralisia cerebral

Objective: To compare the prevalence of dental caries in deciduous and mixed dentition, the oral hygiene index and the diet of institutionalized and non-institutionalized children with cerebral palsy; to verify the influence of the diet and of the oral hygiene in the caries incidence and to describe the economic factor of the non-institutionalized children.Methods: A cross-sectional study involving thirty-three institutionalized and thirty-seven non-institutionalized children defined the groups of study I and II respectively. The groups have been subdivided by age, for evaluation of the DMFT and dmft. Information related to the daily oral hygiene, the 3-day food record, the social and economic factors and the feeding dysfunction has been obtained. After the exam in a clinic environment, the analysis of the questionnaires and of the daily diet, the data have been analyzed statistically. For comparison between groups regarding age, we used the Student t test for independent samples. The difference between groups in respect to oral hygiene and eating disorders has applied the chi-square or Fisher exact test (where expected values were >5). The comparison between groups, as well as assessing the influence of frequency of brushing, flossing, fluoride toothpaste, the fact of receiving aid for oral hygiene and diet, was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. The evaluation of the degree of eating disorders in DMFT, dental plaque, calculus and OHI-S was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis. All results were considered significant for the probability of significance at 5% (p<0.05). The intraexaminer was assessed using the kappa index (89.1% and 94,6%).

Results: The results showed lower values for group I of DMFT and dmft and OHI-S than the group II. Only the values to the DMFT (3-6 years old =0) was equal for both groups. The sugar intake index was 22 for group I e 8.6 for group II. The evaluated feeding dysfunction has demonstrated dysfunction in group-I (GI=54%) and the group II (GII=81.9%). Group-II was consisted of 51.45% of class C and 35.1% of class D. The rate of oral hygiene and of sugar consumption has not demonstrated any relation to the rates of dental caries in both groups. Regarding the diet, the feeding alterations found together with the motor alterations inherent to the disease have influenced the OHI-S score in the entire studied sample.Conclusion: The alteration of the diet and the education of the parents and the responsible ones regarding the oral health should be the objective of all of those who work with patients with cerebral palsy

A Efetividade de Óleos Essenciais no Controle Químico do Biofilme e na Prevenção da Cárie Dentária / Effectivity of Essential Oils on Chemical Control of Dental Biofilm and Caries Prevention

Introdução: Apesar da diminuição da incidência de cárie dentária na população mundial, devida aos inúmeros recursos disponíveis para seu controle, a inadequada higienização bucal levando ao acúmulo de biofilme dentário ainda constitui fator de risco para essa doença. O controle do biofilme dentário representa procedimento fundamental na prevenção de cárie e doença periodontal. Correntemente, o uso de escovas e dentifrícios é quase universal e quando boa higiene oral é praticada, mesmo se sabendo que a persistência efetiva na escovação é incomum, pode-se conseguir a remoção adequada do biofilme com diferentes procedimentos mecânicos e químicos. Evidências clínicas e científicas apoiando o uso de óleos essenciais nos cuidados à saúde oral são descritas na literatura. A incorporação de óleos nos dentifrícios e enxaguatórios têm como objetivo favorecer a inibição do desenvolvimento do biofilme, pela redução da aderência bacteriana à película adquirida. Objetivo: atualizar o conhecimento sobre os efeitos de óleos essenciais como agentes no controle químico do biofilme dentário. Conclusão: o uso dos óleos essenciais proporciona benefícios no controle do biofilme e, consequentemente, na prevenção da cárie dentária e da doença periodontal

Introduction: Despite the decrease in the incidence of dental caries in the world population, due to the resources available for its control, an inadequate oral hygiene leading to accumulation of the dental biofilm is still a risk factor for this disease. The control of dental biofilm represents a basic procedure in the prevention of dental caries and periodontal disease. Currently, the use of brushes and toothpastes is almost universal and when good oral hygiene is practiced, even knowing that effective persistence in the brushing is uncommon, it is possible to obtain appropriate removal of the biofilm through different mechanical and chemical procedures. Clinical and scientific evidence supporting the use of essential oils in the oral health care has been described in the literature. The incorporation of oils in the toothpastes and mouthrinses aims to inhibit the biofilm development, through the reduction of the bacterial adherence to the acquired film. Objective: the aim of this study was to update the knowledge of theuse of essential oils as chemical agents in the control of dental biofilm. Conclusion: the use of essential oils improve the control of dental biofilms and therefore of dental caries and periodontal disease prevention