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1.
Nat Commun ; 13(1): 652, 2022 02 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35115512

RESUMO

Stomatal opening requires the provision of energy in the form of ATP for proton pumping across the guard cell (GC) plasma membrane and for associated metabolic rearrangements. The source of ATP for GCs is a matter of ongoing debate that is mainly fuelled by controversies around the ability of GC chloroplasts (GCCs) to perform photosynthesis. By imaging compartment-specific fluorescent ATP and NADPH sensor proteins in Arabidopsis, we show that GC photosynthesis is limited and mitochondria are the main source of ATP. Unlike mature mesophyll cell (MC) chloroplasts, which are impermeable to cytosolic ATP, GCCs import cytosolic ATP through NUCLEOTIDE TRANSPORTER (NTT) proteins. GCs from ntt mutants exhibit impaired abilities for starch biosynthesis and stomatal opening. Our work shows that GCs obtain ATP and carbohydrates via different routes from MCs, likely to compensate for the lower chlorophyll contents and limited photosynthesis of GCCs.


Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Cloroplastos/metabolismo , Estômatos de Plantas/metabolismo , Amido/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/citologia , Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Cloroplastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloroplastos/efeitos da radiação , Citosol/metabolismo , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/farmacologia , Luz , Células do Mesofilo/citologia , Células do Mesofilo/metabolismo , Células do Mesofilo/efeitos da radiação , Microscopia Confocal , NADP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Transporte de Nucleotídeos/genética , Proteínas de Transporte de Nucleotídeos/metabolismo , Oxidantes/farmacologia , Epiderme Vegetal/citologia , Epiderme Vegetal/metabolismo , Folhas de Planta/citologia , Folhas de Planta/metabolismo , Estômatos de Plantas/citologia , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Plantas Geneticamente Modificadas
2.
Plant Cell ; 32(7): 2325-2344, 2020 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32354788

RESUMO

Starch in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) guard cells is rapidly degraded at the start of the day by the glucan hydrolases α-AMYLASE3 (AMY3) and ß-AMYLASE1 (BAM1) to promote stomatal opening. This process is activated via phototropin-mediated blue light signaling downstream of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase. It remains unknown how guard cell starch degradation integrates with light-regulated membrane transport processes in the fine control of stomatal opening kinetics. We report that H+, K+, and Cl- transport across the guard cell plasma membrane is unaltered in the amy3 bam1 mutant, suggesting that starch degradation products do not directly affect the capacity to transport ions. Enzymatic quantification revealed that after 30 min of blue light illumination, amy3 bam1 guard cells had similar malate levels as the wild type, but had dramatically altered sugar homeostasis, with almost undetectable amounts of Glc. Thus, Glc, not malate, is the major starch-derived metabolite in Arabidopsis guard cells. We further show that impaired starch degradation in the amy3 bam1 mutant resulted in an increase in the time constant for opening of 40 min. We conclude that rapid starch degradation at dawn is required to maintain the cytoplasmic sugar pool, clearly needed for fast stomatal opening. The conversion and exchange of metabolites between subcellular compartments therefore coordinates the energetic and metabolic status of the cell with membrane ion transport.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis/citologia , Arabidopsis/fisiologia , Glucose/metabolismo , Estômatos de Plantas/fisiologia , Amido/metabolismo , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Cloretos/metabolismo , Escuridão , Luz , Malatos/metabolismo , Mutação , Fotossíntese , Células Vegetais/metabolismo , Potássio/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/genética , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , ATPases Translocadoras de Prótons/genética , ATPases Translocadoras de Prótons/metabolismo , Prótons
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