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BACKGROUND: Post-operative pancreatic fluid collections (POPFCs) can be drained using percutaneous or endoscopic approaches. The primary aim of this study was to compare rates of clinical success between endoscopic ultrasound-guided drainage (EUSD) with percutaneous drainage (PTD) in the management of symptomatic POPFCs after distal pancreatectomy. Secondary outcomes included technical success, total number of interventions, time to resolution, rates of adverse events (AEs), and POPFC recurrence. METHODS: Adults who underwent distal pancreatectomy from January 2012 to August 2021 and developed symptomatic POPFC in the resection bed were retrospectively identified from a single academic center database. Demographic data, procedural data, and clinical outcomes were abstracted. Clinical success was defined as symptomatic improvement and radiographic resolution without requiring an alternate drainage modality. Quantitative variables were compared using a two-tailed t-test and categorical data were compared using Chi-squared or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS: Of 1046 patients that underwent distal pancreatectomy, 217 met study inclusion criteria (median age 60 years, 51.2% female), of whom 106 underwent EUSD and 111 PTD. There were no significant differences in baseline pathology and POPFC size. PTD was generally performed earlier after surgery (10 vs. 27 days; p < 0.001) and more commonly in the inpatient setting (82.9% vs. 49.1%; p < 0.001). EUSD was associated with a significantly higher rate of clinical success (92.5% vs. 76.6%; p = 0.001), fewer median number of interventions (2 vs. 4; p < 0.001), and lower rate of POPFC recurrence (7.6% vs. 20.7%; p = 0.007). AEs were similar between EUSD (10.4%) and PTD (6.3%, p = 0.28), with approximately one-third of EUSD AEs due to stent migration. CONCLUSION: In patients with POPFCs after distal pancreatectomy, delayed drainage with EUSD was associated with higher rates of clinical success, fewer interventions, and lower rates of recurrence than earlier drainage with PTD.
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Pancreatectomia , Pancreatopatias , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Drenagem , Endossonografia , Pancreatopatias/cirurgia , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Arterial resection (AR) for pancreatic adenocarcinoma is increasingly considered at specialized centers. We aimed to examine the incidence, risk factors, and outcomes of hepatic artery (HA) occlusion after revascularization. METHODS: We included patients undergoing HA resection with interposition graft (IG) or primary end-to-end anastomoses (EE). Complete arterial occlusion (CAO) was defined as "early" (EO) or "late" (LO) before/after 90 days respectively. Kaplan-Meier and change-point analysis for CAO was performed. RESULTS: HA resection was performed in 108 patients, IG in 61% (66/108) and EE in 39% (42/108). An equal proportion (50%) underwent HA resection alone or in combination with celiac and/or superior mesenteric artery. CAO was identified in 18% of patients (19/108) with arterial IG least likely to occlude (p=0.019). Hepatic complications occurred in 42% (45/108) and correlated with CAO, symptomatic patients, venous resection, and postoperative portal venous patency. CAO-related operative mortality was 4.6% and significantly higher in EO vs LO (p = 0.046). Median CAO occlusion was 126 days. With change-point analysis, CAO was minimal beyond postoperative day 158. CONCLUSION: CAO can occur in up to 18% of patients and the first 5-month post-operative period is critical for surveillance. LO is associated with better outcomes compared to EO unless there is inadequate portal venous inflow.
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Adenocarcinoma , Arteriopatias Oclusivas , Neoplasias Pancreáticas , Humanos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Artéria Hepática/cirurgia , Artéria Hepática/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Pancreatectomia/efeitos adversos , Veia Porta/cirurgia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD) and EUS-guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS-CD) are alternate therapies to endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with stent placement for biliary decompression. The primary outcome of this study is to compare the technical and clinical success of PTBD to EUS-CD in patients with distal biliary obstruction. Secondary outcomes were adverse events (AEs), need for reintervention, and survival. Methods: A multicenter retrospective cohort study from three different centers was performed. Cox regression was used to compare time to reintervention and survival and logistic regression to compare technical and clinical success and AE rates. Subgroup analysis was performed in patients with malignant biliary obstruction (MBO). Results: A total of 86 patients (58 PTBD and 28 EUS-CD) were included. The two groups were similar with respect to age, gender, and cause of biliary obstruction, with malignancy being the most common etiology (80.2%). EUS-CD utilized lumen-apposing metal stents in 15 patients and self-expandable metal biliary stents in 13 patients. Technical success was similar been EUS-CD (100%) and PTBD (96.6%; P = 0.3). EUS-CD was associated with higher clinical success compared to PTBD (84.6% vs. 62.1%; P = 0.04). There was a trend toward lower rates of AEs with EUS-CD 14.3% versus PTBD 29.3%, odds ratio: 0.40 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12-1.33, P = 0.14). The need for reintervention was significantly lower among patients who underwent EUS-CD (10.7%) compared to PTBD (77.6%) (hazard ratio: 0.07, 95% CI: 0.02-0.24; P < 0.001). A sensitivity analysis of only patients with MBO demonstrated similar rate of reintervention between the groups in individuals who survived 50 days or less after the biliary decompression. However, reintervention rates were lower for EUS-CD in those with longer survival. Conclusion: EUS-CD is a technically and clinically highly successful procedure with a trend toward lower AEs compared to PTBD. EUS-CD minimizes the need for reintervention, which may enhance end-of-life quality in patients with MBO and expected survival longer than 50 days.
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Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a validated target for molecular diagnostics and targeted radionuclide therapy. Our purpose was to evaluate PSMA expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and hepatic adenoma (HCA); investigate the genetic pathways in HCC associated with PSMA expression; and evaluate HCC detection rate with 68 Ga-PSMA-11 positron emission tomography (PET). In phase 1, PSMA immunohistochemistry (IHC) on HCC (n = 148), CCA (n = 111), and HCA (n = 78) was scored. In a subset (n = 30), messenger RNA (mRNA) data from the Cancer Genome Atlas HCC RNA sequencing were correlated with PSMA expression. In phase 2, 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET was prospectively performed in patients with treatment-naïve HCC on a digital PET scanner using cyclotron-produced 68 Ga. Uptake was graded qualitatively and semi-quantitatively using standard metrics. On IHC, PSMA expression was significantly higher in HCC compared with CCA and HCA (P < 0.0001); 91% of HCCs (n = 134) expressed PSMA, which principally localized to tumor-associated neovasculature. Higher tumor grade was associated with PSMA expression (P = 0.012) but there was no association with tumor size (P = 0.14), fibrosis (P = 0.35), cirrhosis (P = 0.74), hepatitis B virus (P = 0.31), or hepatitis C virus (P = 0.15). Overall survival tended to be longer in patients without versus with PSMA expression (median overall survival: 4.2 vs. 1.9 years; P = 0.273). FGF14 (fibroblast growth factor 14) mRNA expression correlated positively (rho = 0.70; P = 1.70 × 10-5 ) and MAD1L1 (Mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint protein MAD1) correlated negatively with PSMA expression (rho = -0.753; P = 1.58 × 10-6 ). Of the 190 patients who met the eligibility criteria, 31 patients with 39 HCC lesions completed PET; 64% (n = 25) lesions had pronounced 68 Ga-PSMA-11 standardized uptake value: SUVmax (median [range] 9.2 [4.9-28.4]), SUVmean 4.7 (2.4-12.7), and tumor-to-liver background ratio 2 (1.1-11). Conclusion: Ex vivo expression of PSMA in neovasculature of HCC translates to marked tumor avidity on 68 Ga-PSMA-11 PET, which suggests that PSMA has the potential as a theranostic target in patients with HCC.
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Neoplasias dos Ductos Biliares , Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Neoplasias da Próstata , Ductos Biliares Intra-Hepáticos/metabolismo , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Ciclotrons , Radioisótopos de Gálio , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons combinada à Tomografia Computadorizada/métodos , Tomografia por Emissão de Pósitrons , Neoplasias da Próstata/metabolismo , RNA Mensageiro , Nanomedicina TeranósticaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate prognostic factors associated with peri-procedural (30 days) and short-term (90 days) mortality in the United States cohort of patients following emergent transarterial embolization for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma. METHODS: Patients with ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma treated with emergent TAE between January 2001 and December 2019 were retrospectively identified (n = 24). Average age was 62 years (range, 23-78 year); 15 (62.5%) were men. Univariate and Cox proportional hazard modeling were used to determine independent predictors of overall survival (OS) following TAE. OS stratified by Model for End-Stage Liver Disease-Sodium score was assessed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients (88%) died during a mean clinical follow-up period of 328 ± 139 days. MELD-Na score (HR 1.22 per 1-unit increase; 95% CI 1.06-1.46; p = 0.005) and pre-rupture ECOG PS score (HR 8.1; 95% CI 1.28-51.2; p = 0.026) were independent predictors of decreased overall survival. There was no significant association between overall survival and presence of cardiovascular co-morbidities (p = 0.60), hemorrhagic shock on presentation (p = 0.16), portal vein thrombus (p = 0.08), vasopressor support required (p = 0.79), intubation required (p = 0.40), acute kidney injury (p = 0.58), and number of packed red blood cell transfusions (p = 0.22). The median OS was 64 days. Median OS was significantly greater in patients with a MELD-Na score ≤ 16 as compared to those with a MELD-Na score > 16 (166.5 days vs 9 days, p = 0.011). Cumulative OS rates in those with a MELD-Na score ≤ 16 at 30, 60, 90, and 360 days were 79%, 64%, 64%, and 25%, respectively, vs 33%, 33%, 11%, and 0%, respectively, in those with a MELD-Na score > 16. CONCLUSION: MELD-Na > 16 is associated with very high peri-procedural (67% at 30 days) and short-term (89% at 90 days) mortality in patients with ruptured HCC treated with emergent transarterial embolization. A better understanding of these prognostic factors may help guide treatment decisions and provide realistic expectations when counseling patients and their families.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Doença Hepática Terminal , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Prognóstico , Modelos de Riscos Proporcionais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , SódioRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine long-term renal function outcomes after renal cryoablation complicated by major hemorrhage requiring transarterial embolization compared to patients who underwent uncomplicated renal cryoablation without major hemorrhage. METHODS: Utilizing a matched cohort study design, retrospective review identified 23 patients who underwent percutaneous image-guided renal cryoablation complicated by major hemorrhage requiring ipsilateral transarterial embolization (TAE group) and a control group of 23 patients who underwent uncomplicated renal cryoablation matched 1:1 by age, gender and RENAL Nephrometry score at a single institution from 1/1/2005 to 12/31/2019. Primary outcome parameters included change in creatinine (mg/dl) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2; eGFR) from baseline and were compared between TAE and control group using a paired t-test. RESULTS: There was a significantly higher proportion of patients on pre-ablation anticoagulation in the TAE v. control group (30% v. 4%; p = 0.047), but all patients were off anticoagulation and with normal coagulation parameters at the time of cryoablation. Otherwise there were no significant differences in clinical, renal tumor, Charlson co-morbidity index, baseline renal function or cryoablation parameters between the TAE and control group. In the post-ablation period, there was trend toward greater increase in creatinine from baseline to worst post-ablation creatinine in the TAE v. the control group (+ 0.5 ± 0.7 mg/dl v. 0.2 ± 0.1 mg/dl; p = 0.056). However, at a mean follow-up of 42.7 ± 35.7 months, there was no significant difference between the TAE and control group in creatinine (p = 0.68), eGFR (p = 0.60) or change from baseline in creatinine (p = 0.28), eGFR (p = 0.80) or CKD stage (p = 0.74). No patient required initiation of hemodialysis. CONCLUSION: Selective transarterial embolization for post-renal cryoablation hemorrhage does not significantly affect long-term renal function compared to cryoablation alone. Pre-ablation anticoagulation despite normal coagulation at time of ablation may be a risk factor for post-ablation hemorrhage, and warrants further evaluation when considering pre-ablation embolization.
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Criocirurgia , Neoplasias Renais , Estudos de Coortes , Hemorragia , Humanos , Rim/diagnóstico por imagem , Rim/fisiologia , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
This study aimed to better define the safety and efficacy of transjugular renal biopsy (TJRB) based on published studies. Seventeen published articles were included (1,321 biopsies). Complications were classified as major if they resulted in blood transfusion or additional invasive procedures. All other bleeding complications were considered minor. Diagnostic tissue was obtained in 1,193 procedures (90.3%). The total incidence of bleeding complications among 15 articles with complete data was 202 of 892 procedures (22.6%): 162 (18.2%) minor and 40 (4.5 %) major. These results show that TJRB is a feasible procedure for obtaining renal tissue for diagnosis and that most complications are self-limiting.
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Biópsia , Nefropatias/patologia , Rim/patologia , Biópsia/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Hemorragia/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Yttrium-90 transarterial radioembolization (TARE) is a safe, effective modality of locoregional therapy for intermediate and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We aim to identify novel predictors of important outcomes of TARE therapy. METHODS: A single-center retrospective study of 166 patients treated with TARE for HCC at Mayo Clinic Rochester between 2005-2015 and followed until December 2017. Multivariate logistic and stepwise regression analysis models were used to identify variables associated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). RESULTS: The median OS and the median PFS were12.9 (95% CI: 11.0-17.3), and 8 months (95% CI: 6-11), respectively. Macrovascular invasion (HR: 1.9 [1.3-2.8]), Child-Pugh score (CPS) B or C vs. A (HR: 1.8 [1.2-2.7]), Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance status (ECOG-PS) 2 or 1 vs. 0 (HR: 1.6 [1.1-2.4]) and activity (A) of administered radiation dose (HR: 1.005[1.00-1.010), independently correlated with poorer OS. Infiltrative HCC (HR: 2.4 [1.3-4.5), macrovascular invasion (HR: 1.6 [1.1-2.7]), and high activity of administered radiation dose (HR: 1.005 [1.00-1.010) were associated with worse PFS. CONCLUSION: In HCC patients treated with TARE; macrovascular invasion, the activity of radiation dose, CPS, ECOG-PS, and infiltrative HCC predict OS and PFS.
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Braquiterapia/métodos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/radioterapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/etiologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/etiologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/mortalidade , Masculino , Microesferas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Veia Porta , Estudos Retrospectivos , Resultado do Tratamento , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Adulto Jovem , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate technical success, efficacy and safety of portomesenteric venous (PMV) intervention for PMV stenosis or occlusion following nontransplant hepatobiliary or pancreatic (HPB) surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review identified 42 patients (mean age 60 y) with PMV stenosis (n = 33; 79%) or occlusion (n = 9; 21%) who underwent attempted PMV intervention following HPB surgery between June 1, 2011, and April 1, 2018. Main outcomes were technical success, primary patency rates, and complications. Technical success was compared by venous pathology and primary PMV patency based on anticoagulation status after the procedure using Fisher exact test. Rates of primary patency by stent group were estimated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Technical success was 91% (n = 38/42) and significantly higher in patients with stenosis (n = 33/33; 100%) vs occlusion (n = 5/9; 56%) (P = .001). Primary presenting symptom resolved in 28 (87%) patients, including 6 (100%) patients with gastrointestinal bleeding. At mean imaging follow-up of 8.6 months ± 8.8, primary stent patency was 76%. There was no significant difference in primary stent patency based on anticoagulation status after the procedure (P = .48). There were 2 (4.8%) periprocedural complications. CONCLUSIONS: Portomesenteric venoplasty and stent placement following nontransplant HPB surgery is safe with a high rate of technical success if performed before chronic occlusion.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Digestório/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares , Isquemia Mesentérica/terapia , Oclusão Vascular Mesentérica/terapia , Veias Mesentéricas , Veia Porta , Trombectomia , Trombose Venosa/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Anticoagulantes/administração & dosagem , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos do Sistema Biliar/efeitos adversos , Constrição Patológica , Procedimentos Endovasculares/efeitos adversos , Procedimentos Endovasculares/instrumentação , Feminino , Hepatectomia/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Isquemia Mesentérica/diagnóstico por imagem , Isquemia Mesentérica/etiologia , Isquemia Mesentérica/fisiopatologia , Oclusão Vascular Mesentérica/diagnóstico por imagem , Oclusão Vascular Mesentérica/etiologia , Oclusão Vascular Mesentérica/fisiopatologia , Veias Mesentéricas/diagnóstico por imagem , Veias Mesentéricas/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatectomia/efeitos adversos , Pancreaticoduodenectomia/efeitos adversos , Veia Porta/diagnóstico por imagem , Veia Porta/fisiopatologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Stents , Trombectomia/efeitos adversos , Trombectomia/instrumentação , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Grau de Desobstrução Vascular , Trombose Venosa/diagnóstico por imagem , Trombose Venosa/etiologia , Trombose Venosa/fisiopatologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Pancreatic surgery with en bloc venous resection and reconstruction is becoming increasingly common in the current era of expanding neoadjuvant oncologic therapies and advanced surgical techniques for patients with more anatomically complex tumors. However, patients who have alterations in their venous outflow are at increased risk for postoperative portomesenteric venous stenosis and/or thrombosis. Cross-sectional imaging for postoperative surveillance, including multiphase CT or MRI, is critical for recognizing portomesenteric venous complications and thus implementing early intervention and preventing complications related to portomesenteric venous hypertension. Hypertension-related complications include ascites, variceal or gastrointestinal bleeding, postprandial abdominal pain, intestinal edema, protein-losing enteropathy, malabsorptive diarrhea, and splenomegaly. Percutaneous transhepatic, transsplenic, and transjugular portomesenteric interventions, including venoplasty, stent placement, and thrombectomy or thrombolysis, are safe and effective options for restoring patency to the portomesenteric venous system. Preintervention CT or MRI and diagnostic catheter venography are important for procedural planning, while postintervention CT or MRI surveillance is critical for detecting recurrent stenosis or thrombosis, or de novo portomesenteric venous disease. Online supplemental material is available for this article. ©RSNA, 2020.
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Veias Mesentéricas/cirurgia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Sistema Porta/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Vasculares , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine if there is a correlation between intrahepatic tumor volume and future liver remnant (FLR) hypertrophy after portal vein embolization (PVE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-four consecutive patients with hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic colorectal cancer who underwent PVE from 2009 to 2017 and who had complete imaging follow-up were retrospectively reviewed. To maximize the accuracy of tumor volume measurements, 11 patients were excluded for having more than 5 intrahepatic tumors. Volumetric analyses of the patient livers before and after PVE, as well as pre-embolization intrahepatic tumor burden, were performed. RESULTS: A significant inverse correlation was observed between tumor volume and FLR hypertrophy after PVE (Spearman ρ = -0.53, P = .002). Initial FLR volume was also inversely correlated with subsequent hypertrophy (P = .01). Fourteen patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy 1 month prior to intervention. The number of chemotherapy cycles did not affect hypertrophy (P = .57). Patients with cirrhosis experienced less FLR hypertrophy than patients without cirrhosis (P = .02). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with large intrahepatic tumor burden may experience limited FLR hypertrophy.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Regeneração Hepática , Veia Porta , Adulto , Idoso , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/patologia , Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Hipertrofia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tamanho do Órgão , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Tempo , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do Tratamento , Carga TumoralRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the safety and effectiveness of tunneled peritoneal catheters in the management of refractory malignant and non-malignant ascites. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An IRB-approved retrospective review was undertaken of patients who underwent ultrasound and fluoroscopy-guided tunneled peritoneal catheter placement for management of refractory malignant or non-malignant ascites between January 1, 2009, and March 14, 2014. RESULTS: A total of 137 patients (76 M/61 F, mean age 62.9 years) underwent tunneled peritoneal catheter placement for refractory malignant (N = 119; 86.9%) or non-malignant (N = 18; 13.1%) ascites. Technical success was 100% with no immediate complications. Nineteen patients (13.9%) experienced a total of 11 minor and 12 major complications. Nine patients developed a catheter-associated infection. The remaining complications included leakage at the dermatotomy site (N = 8), catheter dislodgement (N = 2), obstruction (N = 2), and groin pain (N = 2). Patients who developed a catheter-associated infection had a significantly longer catheter dwell time compared to those who did not develop an infection (median, 96.5 vs. 20 days; p < 0.01). Nine patients (6.6%) were lost to follow-up. Of the remaining 128 patients, 125 died and the majority had a catheter in place (90.4%) at the time of death. There was one catheter-associated death (bacterial peritonitis; 0.8%). The median time from catheter placement to death was significantly shorter in patients with malignant versus non-malignant ascites (18.5 vs. 85 days; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Tunneled peritoneal drainage catheters are effective and relatively safe in the management of malignant and non-malignant ascites. Longer catheter dwell time may be a risk factor for catheter-associated infection, particularly in patients with a longer anticipated survival in the palliative setting.
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Ascite/terapia , Cateteres de Demora , Drenagem/instrumentação , Drenagem/métodos , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Cavidade Peritoneal/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Ascite/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Fluoroscopia/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodosRESUMO
Radiology examinations play a major role in the diagnosis, management, and surveillance of small bowel diseases and are complementary to endoscopic techniques. Computed tomography enterography and magnetic resonance enterography are the cross-sectional imaging studies of choice for many small bowel diseases. Angiography still plays an important role for catheter-directed therapies. With the emergence of hybrid imaging techniques, radionuclide imaging has shown promise for the evaluation of small bowel bleeding and Crohn disease and may play a larger role in the future. This article reviews recent advances in technology, diagnosis, and therapeutic options for selected small bowel disorders.
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Angiografia/métodos , Enteropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Intestino Delgado/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Medicina Nuclear/métodos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodos , Doença de Crohn/diagnóstico por imagem , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , HumanosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To investigate the safety, response rate, progression-free and overall survival of patients with liver metastases treated with (90)Y (glass) radioembolisation in a prospective, multicenter phase II study. METHODS: 151 patients with liver metastases (colorectal n=61, neuroendocrine n=43 and other tumour types n=47) refractory to standard of care therapies were enrolled in this prospective, multicenter, phase II study under an investigational device exemption. Clinical/laboratory/imaging follow-up were obtained at 30 days followed by 3-month intervals for 1 year and every 6 months thereafter. The primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS); secondary end-points included safety, hepatic progression-free survival (HPFS), response rate and overall survival. RESULTS: Median age was 66 (range 25-88). Grade 3/4 adverse events included pain (12.8%), elevated alkaline phospatase (8.1%), hyperbilirubinemia (5.3%), lymphopaenia (4.1%), ascites (3.4%) and vomiting (3.4%). Treatment parameters including dose delivery were reproducible among centers. Disease control rates were 59%, 93% and 63% for colorectal, neuroendocrine and other primaries, respectively. Median PFS was 2.9 and 2.8 months for colorectal and other primaries, respectively. PFS was not achieved in the neuroendocrine group. Median survival from (90)Y treatment was 8.8 months for colorectal and 10.4 months for other primaries. Median survival for neuroendocrine patients has not been reached. CONCLUSION: Patients with liver metastases can be safely treated with (90)Y microspheres. This study is the first to demonstrate technical and dose reproducibility of (90)Y glass microspheres between centers in a prospective setting. Based on these promising data, three international, multicenter, randomised phase III studies in colorectal and hepatocellular carcinoma have been initiated.
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Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/administração & dosagem , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/radioterapia , Masculino , Microesferas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Compostos Radiofarmacêuticos/efeitos adversos , Análise de Sobrevida , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/efeitos adversosRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the causal association and effect of intravenous iodinated contrast material exposure on the incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI), also known as contrast material-induced nephropathy (CIN). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study was approved by an institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant. Informed consent was waived. All contrast material-enhanced (contrast group) and unenhanced (noncontrast group) abdominal, pelvic, and thoracic CT scans from 2000 to 2010 were identified at a single facility. Scan recipients were sorted into low- (<1.5 mg/dL), medium- (1.5-2.0 mg/dL), and high-risk (>2.0 mg/dL) subgroups of presumed risk for CIN by using baseline serum creatinine (SCr) level. The incidence of AKI (SCr ≥ 0.5 mg/dL above baseline) was compared between contrast and noncontrast groups after propensity score adjustment by stratification, 1:1 matching, inverse weighting, and weighting by the odds methods to reduce intergroup selection bias. Counterfactual analysis was used to evaluate the causal relation between contrast material exposure and AKI by evaluating patients who underwent contrast-enhanced and unenhanced CT scans during the study period with the McNemar test. RESULTS: A total of 157,140 scans among 53,439 unique patients associated with 1,510,001 SCr values were identified. AKI risk was not significantly different between contrast and noncontrast groups in any risk subgroup after propensity score adjustment by using reported risk factors of CIN (low risk: odds ratio [OR], 0.93; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.76, 1.13; P = .47; medium risk: odds ratio, 0.97; 95% CI: 0.81, 1.16; P = .76; high risk: OR, 0.91; 95% CI: 0.66, 1.24; P = .58). Counterfactual analysis revealed no significant difference in AKI incidence between enhanced and unenhanced CT scans in the same patient (McNemar test: χ(2) = 0.63, P = .43) (OR = 0.92; 95% CI: 0.75, 1.13; P = .46). CONCLUSION: Following adjustment for presumed risk factors, the incidence of CIN was not significantly different from contrast material-independent AKI. These two phenomena were clinically indistinguishable with established SCr-defined criteria, suggesting that intravenous iodinated contrast media may not be the causative agent in diminished renal function after contrast material administration. SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL: http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.12121823/-/DC1.
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Meios de Contraste/efeitos adversos , Nefropatias/induzido quimicamente , Nefropatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Idoso , California/epidemiologia , Causalidade , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Feminino , Humanos , Incidência , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pontuação de Propensão , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is usually treated with locoregional therapy using transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using ß-emitting yttrium-90 integral to the glass matrix of the microspheres is an alternative to TACE. This retrospective case-control study compared the outcomes and safety of TARE versus TACE in patients with unresectable HCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with unresectable HCC without portal vein thrombosis treated with TARE between 2005 and 2008 (n = 61) were retrospectively frequency-matched by age, sex, and liver dysfunction with TACE-treated patients (n = 55) in the Mayo Clinic Hepatobiliary Neoplasia Registry. Imaging studies were reviewed, and clinical and safety outcomes were abstracted from the medical records. RESULTS: Complete tumor response was more common after TARE (12 %) than after TACE (4 %) (p = 0.17). When complete response was combined with partial response and stable disease, there was no difference between TARE and TACE. Median survival did not differ between the two groups (15.0 months for TARE and 14.4 months for TACE; p = 0.47). Two-year survival rates were 30 % for TARE and 24 % for TACE. TARE patients received fewer treatments (p < 0.001). Fifty-nine (97 %) TARE patients received outpatient treatment. In contrast, 53 (98 %) TACE patients were hospitalized for ≥1 day (p < 0.001). Compared with TACE, TARE was more likely to induce fatigue (p = 0.003) but less likely to cause fever (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in efficacy between TARE and TACE. TARE patients reported more fatigue but had less fever than TACE patients. Treatment with TARE required less hospitalization than treatment with TACE. These findings require confirmation in randomized trials.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Quimioembolização Terapêutica/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Radioisótopos de Ítrio/administração & dosagem , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Microesferas , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Dosagem Radioterapêutica , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Taxa de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Up to 15% to 30% of patients develop pancreatic fluid collections (PFCs) after pancreatic tail resection. Percutaneous and endoscopic methods have been used to drain these collections, though few data are available that compare outcomes of these modalities. STUDY DESIGN: From December 1998 to April 2011, we identified all patients who underwent pancreatic tail resection and developed PFCs requiring intervention. The primary aim was to compare overall success rates in resolution of PFCs using endoscopic and percutaneous modalities. Success rates, hospital length of stay, number of CT scans, sinograms and endoscopies performed, and days with drain(s) in place were compared. RESULTS: Forty-eight patients were identified. Percutaneous drainage was performed a median of 25 days postoperatively, compared with 85 days for endoscopic drainage (p < 0.001). Endoscopic and percutaneous methods had similar rates of technical success (100% vs 97%, p = 0.50) and treatment success (80% vs 81%, p = 0.92), respectively. Recurrence rates were 16.6% for the endoscopic group and 23% for the percutaneous group (p = 0.65), and adverse events occurred in 9.4% of those treated endoscopically vs 13.3% of those treated percutaneously (p = 0.68). Location and characteristics of PFCs did not influence success rates. Recurrences were often treated by "salvage" drainage via the other modality. Median hospital stay was longer after primary percutaneous drainage compared with primary endoscopic drainage (5.5 days vs 2 days, p = 0.046). Primary percutaneous drainage patients also had more CT scans (median 3 vs 2, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic drainage and percutaneous drainage appear to be equally effective and complementary interventions for PFCs occurring after pancreatic tail resection. Primary endoscopic drainage may be associated with shorter hospital stay and fewer CT scans.
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Cateterismo/métodos , Drenagem/métodos , Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório/métodos , Pancreatectomia , Pancreatopatias/terapia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Tempo de Internação/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatopatias/etiologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Recidiva , Estudos Retrospectivos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/estatística & dados numéricos , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is scant evidence to guide the management of patients after hepatic artery embolization (HAE). We examined length of stay (LOS), laboratory patterns, medication usage, morbidity, and mortality of patients hospitalized after HAE for metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. METHODS: Data were abstracted retrospectively from electronic medical records on LOS, liver function tests (LFTs), i.v. antibiotics, analgesia, peak temperature, bacteremia, hepatic abscess formation, carcinoid crisis, and metastatic burden on cross-sectional imaging. RESULTS: In 2005-2009, 72 patients underwent 174 HAEs for carcinoid and islet cell tumors. The median LOS was 4 days (range, 1-8 days). There was no correlation between peak LFTs and tumor burden. Declines in LFTs were not uniform before hospital discharge; 25%, 37%, 30%, 53%, and 67% of patients were discharged before their respective aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and total and direct bilirubin levels began to decline, with no readmissions for acute hepatic failure. The median i.v. analgesia dose was 60 mg oral morphine equivalents (range, 3-1,961 mg). Pre-HAE i.v. antibiotics were administered in 99% of cases; post-HAE fever occurred in 37% of patients, with no documented bacteremia. One patient developed a hepatic abscess after HAE. There were two carcinoid crises. The single in-hospital death was associated with air in the portal veins. CONCLUSIONS: The duration and intensity of in-hospital care following HAE should be managed on an individual basis. A downward trend in LFTs is not required before discharge. Modest use of i.v. analgesia suggests that many patients could exclusively receive oral analgesics. Given the rarity of serious complications, hospital stays could be shortened, thereby reducing costs and nosocomial risks.
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Embolização Terapêutica/métodos , Artéria Hepática , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/terapia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Embolização Terapêutica/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/secundário , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/parasitologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
The authors present two cases of ice ball fractures with associated hemorrhage during percutaneous renal cryoablation procedures. Although this is a rare occurrence, it is important to be able to identify ice ball fractures on monitoring noncontrast computed tomography (CT) scans during cryoablation, because they can result in significant bleeding, and recognition allows prompt intervention. Risk factors for ice ball fractures and potential implications are discussed.
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Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Criocirurgia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Injúria Renal Aguda/etiologia , Injúria Renal Aguda/terapia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Angiografia Digital , Criocirurgia/métodos , Embolização Terapêutica , Transfusão de Eritrócitos , Feminino , Hematoma/etiologia , Hematoma/terapia , Humanos , Neoplasias Renais/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Renais/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Radiografia Intervencionista , Diálise Renal , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of identifiable hepatic vein tumor thrombus on the ability to safely deliver TheraSphere (yttrium 90-containing glass microspheres) for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective review was performed of 87 patients (71 men, 16 women; mean age, 64.5 years; age range, 25-83 y) referred for TheraSphere therapy for HCC during a 2-year period between April 2005 and May 2007. Evaluation included contrast-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging, selective mesenteric angiography, and radionuclide perfusion scintigraphy to measure the arteriovenous shunting through the tumor. RESULTS: Of the 87 patients, 83 underwent angiography and perfusion scintigraphy; 53 were ultimately treated with 65 glass microsphere infusions. Twelve of 83 were identified as having tumor thrombus in a hepatic vein or extending into the inferior vena cava. The mean lung shunt for the patients with hepatic vein tumor thrombus was 30% (range, 11%-60%), compared with 8.2% (range, 3%-23%) for patients without identifiable tumor thrombus. Two of the 12 patients were treated with reduced doses of glass microspheres, and the remaining 10 were offered alternative therapies. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of hepatic vein tumor thrombus is a risk factor for an increased lung shunt that may prohibit delivery of a therapeutic dose of TheraSphere to hepatic tumor.