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Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a histone demethylase that promotes stemness and cell survival in cancers such as prostate cancer. Most prostate malignancies are adenocarcinomas with luminal differentiation. However, some tumors undergo cellular reprogramming to a more lethal subset termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) with neuronal differentiation. The frequency of NEPC is increasing since the widespread use of potent androgen receptor signaling inhibitors. Currently, there are no effective treatments for NEPC. We previously determined that LSD1 promotes survival of prostate adenocarcinoma tumors. However, the role of LSD1 in NEPC is unknown. Here, we determined that LSD1 is highly upregulated in NEPC versus adenocarcinoma patient tumors. LSD1 suppression with RNAi or allosteric LSD1 inhibitors - but not catalytic inhibitors - reduced NEPC cell survival. RNA-Seq analysis revealed that LSD1 represses pathways linked to luminal differentiation, and TP53 was the top reactivated pathway. We confirmed that LSD1 suppressed the TP53 pathway by reducing TP53 occupancy at target genes while LSD1's catalytic function was dispensable for this effect. Mechanistically, LSD1 inhibition disrupted LSD1-HDAC interactions, increasing histone acetylation at TP53 targets. Finally, LSD1 inhibition suppressed NEPC tumor growth in vivo. These findings suggest that blocking LSD1's noncatalytic function may be a promising treatment strategy for NEPC.
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Adenocarcinoma , Neoplasias da Próstata , Humanos , Masculino , Adenocarcinoma/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Histona Desmetilases/genética , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/genética , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismoRESUMO
Pre-implantation embryo movement is crucial to pregnancy success, but the role of ovarian hormones in modulating embryo movement is not understood. We ascertain the effects of altered hormonal environment on embryo location using two delayed implantation mouse models: natural lactational diapause (ND); and artificially induced diapause (AD), a laboratory version of ND generated by ovary removal and provision of supplemental progesterone (P4). Previously, we showed that embryos in a natural pregnancy (NP) first display unidirectional clustered movement, followed by bidirectional scattering and spacing movement. In the ND model, we discovered that embryos are present as clusters near the oviductal-uterine junction for â¼24 h longer than NP, followed by locations consistent with a unidirectional scattering and spacing movement. Intriguingly, the AD model resembles embryo location in NP and not ND. When measuring serum hormone levels, unlike the popular paradigm of reduced estrogen (E2) levels in diapause, we observed that E2 levels are comparable across NP, ND and AD. P4 levels are reduced in ND and highly increased in AD when compared to NP. Further, exogenous administration of E2 or P4 modifies embryo location during the unidirectional phase, while E2 treatment also affects embryo location in the bidirectional phase. Taken together, our data suggest that embryo movement can be modulated by both P4 and E2. Understanding natural hormonal adaptation in diapause provides an opportunity to determine key players that regulate embryo location, thus impacting implantation success. This knowledge can be leveraged to understand pregnancy survival and implantation success in hormonally altered conditions in the clinic.
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Implantação do Embrião , Estradiol , Gravidez , Feminino , Camundongos , Animais , Estradiol/farmacologia , Progesterona/farmacologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário , ÚteroRESUMO
The androgen receptor (AR) signaling inhibitor enzalutamide (enza) is one of the principal treatments for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Several emergent enza clinical resistance mechanisms have been described, including lineage plasticity in which the tumors manifest reduced dependency on the AR. To improve our understanding of enza resistance, herein we analyze the transcriptomes of matched biopsies from men with metastatic CRPC obtained prior to treatment and at progression (n = 21). RNA-sequencing analysis demonstrates that enza does not induce marked, sustained changes in the tumor transcriptome in most patients. However, three patients' progression biopsies show evidence of lineage plasticity. The transcription factor E2F1 and pathways linked to tumor stemness are highly activated in baseline biopsies from patients whose tumors undergo lineage plasticity. We find a gene signature enriched in these baseline biopsies that is strongly associated with poor survival in independent patient cohorts and with risk of castration-induced lineage plasticity in patient-derived xenograft models, suggesting that tumors harboring this gene expression program may be at particular risk for resistance mediated by lineage plasticity and poor outcomes.
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Fator de Transcrição E2F1 , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração , Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos/farmacologia , Benzamidas , Biópsia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/genética , Fator de Transcrição E2F1/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Nitrilas , Feniltioidantoína , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/genética , Neoplasias de Próstata Resistentes à Castração/metabolismo , RNA , Receptores Androgênicos/genética , Receptores Androgênicos/metabolismoRESUMO
Adaptation and microbial attachment mechanisms for the degradation of sulfide ores are mediated by the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and their role in biofilm formation. EPS production responds to induction mechanisms associated with environmental conditions. In this study, the double induction of EPS with galactose and high ferric iron concentrations in planktonic cells of Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, and their attachment on the surface of a polymetallic sulfide ore from Bella Rica-Azuay in Ecuador were evaluated. A. ferrooxidans cells were previously adapted to different concentrations of galactose [0, 0.15, and 0.25% (w/v)], using two ferrous iron concentrations as an energy source (9 and 18 g L-1) in a 9K culture medium. EPS production and its effect on mineral attachment were determined at the time point of maximal growth. The results obtained show a maximum cell attachment of 94.1% within 2 h at 0.15% of galactose and 18 gâ L-1 of ferric iron concentration, compared to 71.4% without galactose and 9 gâ L-1 of ferric iron. The maximum concentration of EPS was obtained with a 0.25% galactose concentration; however, it did not result in greater attachment compared to 0.15% galactose concentration. Through the combined induction of low galactose concentration and high ferric iron concentration, the percentage of bacterial attachment can be increased and, therefore, a possible increase in the rate of biooxidation and bioleaching could be obtained.
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Contexto la procalcitonina (PCT) podría ser útil en la evaluación de la función del injerto renal (IR) en el postrasplante inmediato, ya que sus niveles se incrementan posterior a la elevación de citocinas inflamatorias (IL-6, TNF-ß) durante eventos de disfunción renal. Objetivo determinar la asociación de la PCT sérica con la función del injerto renal en el periodo postrasplante inmediato. Metodología cohorte retrospectiva de septiembre del 2018 a abril del 2019 en la División de Nefrología y Trasplantes, del Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente (CMNO), del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS). Se incluyeron 62 receptores de trasplante renal de donante vivo (DV) y fallecido (DF) con determinación de PCT antes del séptimo día del TR y el registro de eventos de disfunción temprana del injerto (DTI), comparados con pacientes sin DTI (sDTI). Resultados los receptores con DTI presentaron niveles más altos de PCT (13,90, 3,90, 1,22 ng/mL) comparado con el grupo sin DTI (0,32, 0,31 y 0,22 ng/ml) en los días 1, 3 y 5 respectivamente; p < 0,05. Conclusiones la PCT es un marcador biológico asociado a DTI en el postrasplante renal inmediato.
Background Procalcitonin (PCT) could be useful for evaluation of the renal allograft (RG) in the immediate post-transplant since its levels increase after elevation of the inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-ß) during events of renal failure. Purpose Our objective was to determine the association of serum PCT with the function of the RG in the immediate post-transplant. Methodology A retrospective cohort from September 2018- April 2019 in the National Western Medical Center of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS), was performed. Sixty-two recipients of living donor (LD) and deceased donor (DD) renal transplant (RT) with PCT evaluation before the seventh days of RT were included; and, events of early renal allograft failure (EAF) were recorded and compared to patients no EAF (nEAF). Results The recipients with EAF presented with higher PCT levels (13.90, 3.90, 1.22 ng/mL) compared to the nEAF group (0.32, 0.31, and 0.22 ng/ml) on days 1, 3, and 5, respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusions The PCT is a biological marker associated with EAF in the immediate post-transplant.
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The mycetoma is a granulomatous chronic disease, subcutaneous disease is the common presentation, very few cases are reported affecting central nervous system, but there are not cases in Renal Transplant (RT).
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Abstract Fibrolipoma, a benign soft tissue adipose tumor, is a histological variant of lipoma. Clinically, it presents as a painless slow-growing mass, indistinguishable from other benign soft tissue tumors. In the oral cavity, it is mainly encountered in the buccal mucosa. Involvement of the palate is very rare; it accounts for around 7-14% of all oral fibrolipomas. In this article, we describe a case of fibrolipoma in the hard palate of a 70-year-old female, who presented with an asymptomatic pedunculated mass, characterized by a normal-colored and smooth surface, which have been present for 20 years. The lesion was excised, and histopathological study revealed a fibrolipoma. To the best of our knowledge, only 17 cases occurring in the palate have been reported in the literature. Since fibrolipoma presents clinical similarities with other benign soft tissue neoplasms, a thorough clinical examination and histopathological analysis are essential for obtaining diagnosis.
Resumen El fibrolipoma es una neoplasia benigna de tejido adiposo, variante histológica del lipoma. Clínicamente se presenta como una tumoración de crecimiento lento, asintomática, indistinguible de otras neoplasias benignas de tejidos blandos. En cavidad oral se presenta principalmente en la mucosa yugal. El paladar es un sitio infrecuente, comprende del 7 al 14% de todos los fibrolipomas. En este reporte, describimos un caso de fibrolipoma de paladar duro en una mujer de 70 años de edad, que presentó una tumoración pediculada, asintomática, de superficie lisa, del mismo color de la mucosa adyacente, con un tiempo de evolución de 20 años. La lesión fue extirpada, y el estudio histopatológico reveló un fibrolipoma. En nuestro conocimiento, se han reportado en la literatura únicamente 17 casos de fibrolipoma de paladar. Siendo que el fibrolipoma presenta similitud clínica con otras neoplasias benignas de tejidos blandos, un examen clínico detallado, así como el estudio histopatológico son esenciales en la obtención del diagnóstico.
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Lipoma , Boca , PaladarRESUMO
Cervical cancer (CC) is the most common cancer in women in the lower genital tract. The main risk factor for developing CC is persistent infection with HPV 16. The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of HPV 16 have been related to metabolic reprogramming in cancer through the regulation of the expression and stability of HIF-1α and consequently of the expression of its target genes, such as HIF1A (HIF-1α), SLC2A1 (GLUT1), LDHA, CA9 (CAIX), SLC16A3 (MCT4), and BSG (Basigin or CD147), which are involved in glucose metabolism. This work aimed to evaluate the expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1, LDHA, CAIX, MCT4, and Basigin in patient samples and CC cell lines. To evaluate the expression level of HIF1A, SLC2A1, LDHA, CA9, SLC16A3, and BSG genes in tissue from patients with CC and normal tissue, the TCGA dataset was used. To evaluate the expression level of these genes by RT-qPCR in CC cell lines, HPV-negative (C-33A) and HPV-16-positive (SiHa and Ca Ski) cell lines were used. Increased expression of HIF1A, SLC2A1, LDHA, SLC16A3, and BSG was found in Ca Ski and CA9 in SiHa compared to C-33A. Similar results were observed in CC tissues compared to normal tissue obtained by bioinformatics analysis. In conclusion, the expression of HIF-1α, GLUT1, LDHA, CAIX, MCT4, and BSG genes is increased in CC and HPV-16-positive cell lines.
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Metabolic reprogramming is considered one of the hallmarks in cancer and is characterized by increased glycolysis and lactate production, even in the presence of oxygen, which leads the cancer cells to a process called "aerobic glycolysis" or "Warburg effect". The E6 and E7 oncoproteins of human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) favor the Warburg effect through their interaction with a molecule that regulates cellular metabolism, such as p53, retinoblastoma protein (pRb), c-Myc, and hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). Besides, the impact of the E6 and E7 variants of HPV 16 on metabolic reprogramming through proteins such as HIF-1α may be related to their oncogenicity by favoring cellular metabolism modifications to satisfy the energy demands necessary for viral persistence and cancer development. This review will discuss the role of HPV 16 E6 and E7 variants in metabolic reprogramming and their contribution to developing and preserving the malignant phenotype of cancers associated with HPV 16 infection.
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RESUMEN La apendicitis aguda es considerada la causa más común de emergencia quirúrgica en adultos jóvenes; y su asociación con infecciones parasitarias es rara. De éstas, la localización apendicular del quiste hidatídico, es extremadamente rara; y hasta la fecha solo existen reportes en Irán, India, Túnez, Chile y Perú. Se presenta el caso de un paciente varón de 52 años, natural de Puno, sin antecedentes patológicos, que ingresa con un cuadro clínico típico de apendicitis aguda, y que, al ser intervenido quirúrgicamente, se aprecia al apéndice con una tumoración quística, compatible con un quiste hidatídico complicado de Echinococcus granulosus. Posteriormente, se constatan otros tres quistes hidatídicos intrabdominales. No existió antecedente quirúrgicoo traumático, por lo que se considera una localización primaria intraabdominal diseminada, que incluía al apéndice, hígado y peritoneo.
ABSTRACT Acute appendicitis is the most frequent surgical emergency instance in young adults; and its association with parasitic infections is rare. Of these particular cases, appendix location of hydatid cyst is extremely rare; and there have been published reports of such cases only in Iran, India, Tunisia, and Peru. We present the case of a 52-year old male subject born in Puno, with no relevant past medical history, who was admitted with a clinical condition typically consistent with acute appendicitis. When this patient underwent surgery, the appendix was found showing a cystic mass, compatible with complicated Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst. Later on, three additional intraabdominal hydatid cysts were identified. There was no surgical or trauma past history, so it was concluded this condition corresponded to disseminated primary intraabdominal location of hydatid disease, including the appendix, liver, and peritoneum.
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Introducción: La pandemia a la que nos enfrentamos globalmente ha impactado de manera importante a la práctica odontológica, ya que, debido al uso de aerosoles, es una profesión de alto riesgo de transmisión de COVID-19. Objetivos: Describir los conocimientos generales sobre el SARS-CoV-2, recomendaciones y medidas de protección en una muestra de odontólogos mexicanos. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, transversal utilizando un instrumento de evaluación que se distribuyó en línea a instituciones públicas, privadas y asociaciones dentales mexicanas. Los resultados fueron analizados por medio de estadística descriptiva. Resultados: La encuesta fue respondida por 1,286 odontólogos, el 73.1% reportó haberse capacitado recientemente acerca del SARS-CoV-2. En su mayoría conocen sobre grupos de riesgo, transmisión, características clínicas, y recomendaciones generales. La mayoría se encuentran atendiendo exclusivamente urgencias y demuestran conocimiento acerca de los equipos de protección personal y del protocolo de atención durante la pandemia. Conclusiones: Los odontólogos mexicanos cuentan con los conocimientos sobre las generalidades del SARS-CoV-2, así como sobre los protocolos de atención y equipos de protección personal para la atención de pacientes durante la pandemia por COVID-19 (AU)
Introduction: The current pandemic that we are facing globally has had a significant impact on dental practice, due to the use of aerosols it is a profession with high risk of CoViD 19 transmission. Objective: To describe the general knowledge about SARS-CoV-2, as well as on the recommendations and personal protective equipment in a sample of Mexican dentists. Material and methods: A descriptive, transversal study was carried out through an evaluation instrument distributed on-line during 20 consecutive days to several dental professionals of private and public institutions and Mexican dental associations. Results were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: 1,286 Mexican dental professionals completed the survey, 73.1% indicated having received training about SARS-CoV-2 and they mostly know about the individuals at higher risk, transmission, clinical features and general recommendations. Most of the dentists are exclusively attending urgencies as pulpal pain, abscess and dental traumatisms. Knowledge regarding the use of personal protective equipment was demonstrated, as well as the protocol of care during the pandemic. Conclusions: Mexican dentists have the knowledge on the generalities of SARS-CoV-2, on care protocols and protective measures for patient care during the CoViD-19 pandemic (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Infecções por Coronavirus , Odontólogos , Pandemias , Betacoronavirus , Faculdades de Odontologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Transmissão de Doença Infecciosa , Controle de Infecções Dentárias , Consultórios Odontológicos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , MéxicoRESUMO
RESUMEN Fundamento: la expresión de empatía en la relación médico-paciente presenta múltiples beneficios en la atención a la salud. La evidencia indica menor empatía en fases avanzadas del desarrollo curricular en medicina. Existe escasa información al respecto en población mexicana. Objetivo: identificar el nivel de empatía general y sus factores asociados en tres momentos distintos del desarrollo curricular en estudiantes mexicanos de medicina. Métodos: estudio transversal, realizado en la Escuela de Medicina de una universidad privada en la Ciudad de México, sobre 161 estudiantes de medicina inscritos en primer, tercer y quinto semestre de la carrera de medicina que completaron la escala multidimensional de empatía, versión reducida. Se realizaron análisis por semestre y sexo; se identificaron subgrupos con diferente nivel de empatía y se realizó un análisis con estimadores de riesgo. Resultados: las mujeres fueron más empáticas que los hombres (p = 0,0001) excepto en la detección de emociones ajenas que no mostró diferencias entre sexos (p = 0,99). Las mujeres no mostraron diferencias entre semestres (p > 0,05), los hombres de primer semestre fueron más empáticos que los de tercero y quinto (p = 0,005) particularmente para detectar emociones ajenas (p = 0,002). Ser hombre aumentó la probabilidad de mostrar menor nivel de empatía (OR = 2,36, p = 0,02). Conclusiones: el menor nivel de empatía en estudiantes hombres de semestres avanzados de medicina puede comprometer los beneficios hasta ahora reportados de la expresión de esta habilidad en la relación médico-paciente y en consecuencia disminuir la calidad de la atención. Es necesaria una estrategia de instrucción en empatía para este grupo estudiantil.
ABSTRACT Foundation: the expression of empathy in the doctor-patient relationship has multiple benefits in health care. The evidence indicates lower empathy in advanced stages of curriculum development in medicine. There is little information about it in the Mexican population. Objective: to identify the level of general empathy and its associated factors in three different moments of the curricular development in Mexican medical students. Methods: a cross-sectional study, conducted at the Higher School of Medicine of a private university in Mexico City, on 161 medical students enrolled in the first, third and fifth semesters of the medical degree that completed the multidimensional empathy scale, reduced version. Analyzes were performed by semester and sex; Subgroups with different levels of empathy were identified and an analysis was carried out with risk estimators. Results: women were more empathetic than men (p = 0.0001) except in the detection of other people's emotions that showed no differences between sexes (p = 0.99). Women did not show differences between semesters (p> 0.05), the first semester men were more empathetic than the third and fifth (p = 0.005), particularly to detect other people's emotions (p = 0.002). Being a man increased the probability of showing a lower level of empathy (OR = 2.36, p = 0.02). Conclusions: the lower empathy level in male students of advanced medicine semesters can compromise the benefits so far reported of the ability expression in the doctor-patient relationship and consequently decreases the quality of care. An empathy instructional strategy is necessary for this student group.
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Resumen Introducción: Estudiantes de medicina reportan mayor ansiedad que estudiantes de otras carreras. El conocimiento sobre su bienestar psicológico es escaso. Objetivo: Identificar factores sociodemográficos y académicos predictores del nivel de ansiedad y bienestar psicológico en estudiantes mexicanos de medicina. Método: Estudio transversal de estudiantes mexicanos de medicina de primer (n = 59), tercer (n = 43) y quinto semestre (n = 59), que contestaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, la Escala de Ansiedad de Beck, la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico para Adultos y la Escala de Evaluación de la Cohesión y la Adaptabilidad Familiar. Resultados: Las mujeres presentaron mayor ansiedad (p < 0.01). La ansiedad en hombres fue similar en los distintos semestres (p > 0.05); las mujeres de tercer y quinto semestre fueron más ansiosas que las del primero (p < 0.01). Ansiedad y bienestar psicológico correlacionaron negativamente (p < 0.001). Se identificaron los subgrupos Menor ansiedad, mayor bienestar y Mayor ansiedad, menor bienestar, y una regresión logística identificó que ser mujer (OR = 4.70) y no profesar alguna religión (OR = 2.49) son factores predictores de mayor ansiedad. Conclusiones: Las estudiantes de medicina constituyen una población de riesgo para mayor ansiedad y menor bienestar psicológico, lo que compromete su aprendizaje, calidad de vida y futuro ejercicio profesional.
Abstract Introduction: Medical students report higher levels of anxiety than students from other majors. Knowledge about their psychological well-being is scarce. Objective: To identify sociodemographic and academic factors that predict the level of anxiety and psychological well-being in Mexican medical students. Method: Cross-sectional study of Mexican medical students of first (n = 59), third (n = 43) and fifth semester (n = 59), who answered a sociodemographic questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, the Psychological Well-being Scale for adults and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scale. Results: Females showed higher levels of anxiety (p < 0.01). Anxiety in males was similar in the different semesters (p > 0.05); women of third and fifth semesters were more anxious than those at first semester (p < 0.01). Anxiety and psychological well-being were negatively correlated (p < 0.001). The Less anxiety, higher level of well-being and More anxiety, lower level of well-being subgroups were characterized, and a logistic regression identified that being a woman (OR = 4.70) and not practicing any religion (OR = 2.49) are predictive factors of higher levels of anxiety. Conclusions: Female medical students constitute a population at risk for higher levels of anxiety and less psychological well-being, which compromises their learning, quality of life and future professional practice.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Estudantes de Medicina/psicologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Testes Psicológicos , Religião e Psicologia , Estudantes de Medicina/estatística & dados numéricos , Modelos Logísticos , Fatores Sexuais , Estudos Transversais , Desempenho Acadêmico , México/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa in humans. One of the main virulence factors of H. pylori is the cag pathogenicity island (cagPAI), which encodes a type 4-secretion system (T4SS) and the cytotoxin CagA. Translocation of CagA through the T4SS triggers host-signaling pathways. One of the T4SS proteins is CagL, which is necessary for CagA translocation. CagL is a 26-kDa protein that contains a hypervariable motif, which spans residues 58 to 62. Several polymorphisms in this region have been associated with different disease outcomes, e.g. in Mexico, N58 is associated with a higher risk of gastric cancer. The aim of this work is to analyze the sequence of the hypervariable motif (residues 58 to 62) of clinical isolates from Mexican patients with chronic gastritis, and to correlate these polymorphisms with the vacA genotype. RESULTS: Of the 164 biopsies analyzed, only 30.5% (50/164) were positive for H. pylori. Thirty-six of the 50 clinical isolates (72%) were cagA positive, and 40 (80%) had the most virulent vacA genotype (s1/m1). Of the cagA positive strains, 94.4% were vacA s1/m1. All the cagA + strains contained the cagL gene. The most prevalent sequence in the polymorphic region (residues 58-62) was DKMGE (75.8%, 25/33), followed by NKMGQ and NEIGQ (6.1%, 2/33), and DEIGQ, NKMGE, DKIGE, and DKIGK (3%, 1/33). Regarding polymorphisms in positions 58 and 59, the most common were D58/K59 (81.8%, 27/33), followed by N58/K59 (9.1%, 3/33), and D58/E59 (3%, 1/33). Only two isolates (6.1%) contained residues N58/E59, which correspond to those found in H. pylori strain ATCC 26695. 92.6% of the clinical isolates having polymorphism D58/K59 had the genotype vacA s1/m1, considered to be the most virulent, while 7.4% had the genotypes vacA s1/m2 and s2/m2. CONCLUSIONS: In Mexican patients, CagL polymorphisms D58, K59, M60, E62, K122, and I134 are more common in patients with chronic gastritis.
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Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignancy of bone in children and young adults, the highest incidence peak is during adolescence and doesn't have any gender predominance. The main site of metastasis are the lungs and extrapulmonary cases are occasional. The incidence of metastasis in the Central Nervous System (CNS) is 2-6.5%, increase to 10-15% in patients with pulmonary metastases. Therefore, metastatic disease of the CNS is rare and the information on such patients is limited. Here, we describe a case of a 20-year old patient diagnosed with osteosarcoma in the left distal femur stage IIB, he developed pulmonary disease, during palliative chemotherapy experienced relapse to the brain classified as recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) class II, and was treated with external radiotherapy (30â¯Gy in 10 fractions) and later he had a poor evolution and died.
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Objetivo: Determinar la frecuencia y factores asociados a la automedicación en pacientes que acuden a los Servicios de Odontología de los Hospitales de Piura, Cajamarca e Iquitos en el 2015. Material y métodos: Diseño observacional, transversal y analítico. La población estuvo conformada por todos los pacientes que se atienden en los Servicios de Odontología de los Hospitales de Piura, Cajamarca e Iquitos con un tamaño muestral de 130 pacientes respectivamente. Resultados: Pacientes mayores de 18 años, en donde el 100% de los pacientes se automedican por factores como edad cuyo rango oscila de 18 a 25 años en Cajamarca y de 36 a 50 años en Piura e Iquitos, grado de instrucción se halló con mayor porcentaje el nivel secundario (Piura 40%, Cajamarca 34,62% e Iquitos 47,69%), persona que recomienda la medicación fue el farmacéutico (Piura 34,62% y Cajamarca 45,38%), el tipo de dolencia fue el dolor dental (Piura 53,85%, Cajamarca 68,46% e Iquitos 65,38%). Conclusiones: Las personas encuestadas en los tres Hospitales de Piura, Cajamarca e Iquitos se automedican y los factores asociados a la automedicación fueron: edad, grado de instrucción, tipo de dolencia, motivo por el cual se automedican
Objective: To determine the frequency and factors associated with self-medication in patients who come to the Dentistry Services of the Hospitals of Piura, Cajamarca and Iquitos in 2015. Material and methods: Observational, transversal and analytical design. The population was conformed by all the patients that are attended in the Dentistry Services of the Hospitals of Piura, Cajamarca and Iquitos with a sample size of 130 patients respectively. Results: Patients older than 18 years, where 100% of patients self-medicate for factors such as age range from 18 to 25 years in Cajamarca and 36 to 50 years in Piura and Iquitos. Regarding the level of education, the secondary level was found with a higher percentage (Piura 40%, Cajamarca 34.62% and Iquitos 47.69%); also, regarding the person who recommended the medication was the Pharmacist (Piura 34.62% and Cajamarca 45.38%); in the same way, the type of ailment was dental pain (Piura 53.85%. Conclusions: The people surveyed in the three hospitals of Piura, Cajamarca and Iquitos self-medicated and the factors associated with self-medication were: age, level of education, type of ailment, reason for self-medication, place of acquisition of the medication and type of medication.
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BACKGROUND: A comprehensive assessment of Spanish-speaking breast cancer survivors' (SSBCS) survivorship needs is lacking. OBJECTIVE: Assess SSBCS' post-treatment symptom management, psychosocial, and informational needs. METHODS: 118 telephone surveys and 25 in-person semi-structured interviews with SSBCS, and semi-structured interviews with 5 support providers and 4 physicians who serve SSBCS from 5 Northern California counties. RESULTS: Surveys identified the most bothersome (bothered by it in the past month "somewhat/quite a bit/a lot") physical symptoms as: joint pain, fatigue, hot flashes, numbness in hands/feet, and vaginal dryness. The most bothersome emotional symptoms were thoughts of recurrence/new cancers, depression/sadness, anxieties, and stress. Seven themes emerged from interviews: 1) unmet physical symptom management needs; 2) social support from family/friends often ends when treatment is completed; 3) challenges resuming roles; 5) sense of abandonment by health care system when treatment ends; 6) need for formal transition from active treatment to follow-up care; 6) fear of recurrence especially when obtaining follow-up care; and 7) desire for information on late effects of initial treatments and side effects of hormonal treatments. Based on survey and interview results, we present a conceptual framework for survivorship care interventions for SSBCS. LIMITATIONS: Sample may not represent SSBCS' concerns seen outside of Northern California hospitals. CONCLUSIONS: Physical and psychosocial symptoms were common. SSBCS need culturally appropriate survivorship care programs that address symptom management, psychosocial concerns, follow-up care, and healthy lifestyles.
RESUMO
Malathion is one of the most commonly used insecticides. Recent findings have demonstrated that it induces oxidative stress in somatic cells, but there are not enough studies that have demonstrated this effect in germ cells. Malathion impairs porcine oocyte viability and maturation, but studies have not shown how oxidative stress damages maturation and which biochemical mechanisms are affected in this process in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs). The aims of the present study were to determine the amount of oxidative stress produced by malathion in porcine COCs matured in vitro, to define how biochemical mechanisms affect this process, and determine whether trolox can attenuate oxidative damage. Sublethal concentrations 0, 750, and 1000 µM were used to evaluate antioxidant enzyme expressions, reactive oxygen species (ROS production), protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation, among other oxidation products. COCs viability and oocyte maturation decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Malathion increased Cu, Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) protein level and decreased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) protein level. Species reactives of oxygen (ROS), protein oxidation and Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels increased in COCs exposed to the insecticide, but when COCs were pre-treated with the trolox (50 µM) 30 min before and during malathion exposure, these parameters decreased down to control levels. This study showed that malathion has a detrimental effect on COCs during in vitro maturation, inducing oxidative stress, while trolox attenuated malathion toxicity by decreasing oxidative damage.
Assuntos
Inseticidas/toxicidade , Malation/toxicidade , Oócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oogênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Glucosefosfato Desidrogenase/metabolismo , Glutationa/metabolismo , Glutationa Peroxidase/metabolismo , Glutationa Transferase/metabolismo , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Oócitos/enzimologia , Oócitos/metabolismo , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Suínos , Substâncias Reativas com Ácido Tiobarbitúrico/metabolismoRESUMO
Este artículo es una investigación teórica que, a partir de la indagación sobre la depresión y los factores de riesgo durante la cuarentena, incorpora la implementación de los espacios verdes como una posible alternativa para prevenir de la depresión en tiempos de pandemia y cuarentena, fundamentada en estudios, los cuales demuestran que convivir en espacios verdes genera bienestar en las personas incrementando su calidad de vida mediante el cuidado de su salud mental.
This article is a theoretical investigation that, based on the investigation of depression and risk factors during quarantine, incorporates the implementation of green spaces as a possible alternative to prevent depression in times of pandemic and quarantine, based on studies, which show that living in green spaces generates well-being in people by increasing their quality of life through mental health care.
Este artigo é uma investigação teórica que, baseada na investigação da depressão e fatores de risco durante a quarentena, incorpora a implementação de espaços verdes como uma alternativa possível para prevenir a depressão em tempos de pandemia e quarentena, baseada em estudos que mostram que viver em espaços verdes gera bem-estar nas pessoas, aumentando sua qualidade de vida através do cuidado com a saúde mental.