Systematic review of studies on drug-delivery systems for management of temporomandibular-joint osteoarthritis.

INTRODUCTION: Temporomandibular-joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) management is a major challenge. Minimally invasive therapies (based mainly on injections) have been developed to increase local efficacy and limit adverse systemic effects. However, the requirement for repeat injections due to a short duration of action and expensive healthcare costs have pushed researchers to develop, via tissue engineering, drug-delivery systems (DDSs). In this literature systematic review, we aim to provide an overview of studies that tested DDSs on a TMJOA model. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We searched on PubMed for articles published from November 1965 to March 2021 on DDSs using a TMJOA model. We highlighted the different DDSs and the active molecule employed. Route of drug administration, model type, test duration, and efficacy duration were assessed. To evaluate the quality of each study, a protocol bias was tested using QUADAS-2™. RESULTS: Of the 10 studies that were full text-screened, four used a poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based delivery system. The other DDSs employed chitosan-based hydrogels, microneedles patches, nanostructured lipid carriers, or poloxamer micelles. Hyaluronic acid, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and analgesics were used as active molecules in five studies. The main way to administer DDSs was intra-articular injection and the most used model was the rat. DISCUSSION: Various DDSs and active molecules have been studied on a TMJOA model that could aid TMJOA management. Further works using longer test durations are necessary to validate these advances.

A Systematic Review of Rat Models With Temporomandibular Osteoarthritis Suitable for the Study of Emerging Prolonged Intra-Articular Drug Delivery Systems.

PURPOSE: Development of minimally invasive therapies for temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis (TMJOA) has focused on drug intra-articular injections to avoid the systemic adverse effects experienced when these substances are administered orally. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to answer the question "Which method of induction of a TMJOA-related pain model in rats leads to prolonged painful symptoms, allowing the best assessment of a sustained drug delivery system?" MATERIALS AND METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched MEDLINE for papers published from 1994 to July 2020 on a TMJ arthritis model using rats. We identified the means of pain induction and of nociception assessment. We assessed protocol bias using an adaptation of the QUADAS-2 tool. Animal selection, the reference standard method of pain assessment, applicability of a statistical assessment, and flow and timing were assessed. RESULTS: Of the 59 full papers we reviewed, 41 performed no pain assessment after the first 7 days following induction of the TMJ-related pain model. We eventually identified 18 long-term TMJOA-related pain models. Pain was induced by injection of toxic substances, most commonly Freund's complete adjuvant (50 µg per 50 µl), formalin at various concentrations, or monosodium iodoacetate (0,5 mg per 50 µl), into the TMJ, or by physical methods. Few studies reported data on pain after 21 days of follow-up. Heterogeneity of induction methods, pain assessment methods, and flow and timing biases precluded a meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Given that pain is 1 of the main symptoms of TMJOA, experimental study protocols should include long-term pain assessment.

Papilotomia endoscopica intraoperatoria durante colecistectomia en el tratamiento de la colecistocoledocolitiasis / Endoscopic papillotomy during cholecystotectomy for cholecystocholedocolithiasis treatment

Introducción: los pacientes con colelitiasis sintomática y sospecha de coledocolitíasis constituyen un problema clínico frecuente aunque existen diferentes estrategias para el abordaje de su diagnóstico y tratamiento. Este estudio evalúa la en cada del tratamiento de la colecistocoledocolitiasis en un solo tiempo efectuando una papilotomía endoscópica con extracción de los cálculos durante la colecistectomía. Materiales y Métodos: treinta y cuatro pacientes (30 mujeres y 4 hombres; edad promedio 40.1 años, rango 14a 78) fueron llevados a colecistectomía y papilotomía endoscópica. Una colangiografía intraoperatoria (CIO) transcística confirmó coledocolitíasis u obstrucción del paso del medio de contraste al duodeno. A través de una guía hidrofílica pasada a través del cístico se insertó un papilótomo endoscópicamentey se realizó papilotomía y remoción de calados con canastilla e irrigación transcística. Resultados: se encontró coledocolitíasis en 32 pacientes (94 por ciento) y obstrucción al paso del medio de contraste en dos individuos (6 por ciento). La papilotomía fue posible en todos los casos y se logró la extracción de cálculos en 28 pacientes (8 7.5 por ciento. Tres pacientes requirieron procedimientos endoscópicos adicionales para extracción de los calados. Una paciente necesitó cirugía abierta. Dos pacientes tuvieron complicaciones relacionadas con papilotomía (5.8 por ciento) y no hubo mortalidad. La estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 2.8 días y el seguimiento a 38 días. Conclusión: la técnica combinada endoscópica y quirúrgica, es eficaz para el tratamiento de pacientes con colecistocoledocolitiasis