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Rev Med Suisse ; 19(827): 964-968, 2023 May 17.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37195110

RESUMO

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) represent a typical complication of transplant recipients. Their incidence varies according to the recipient's characteristics and the type of transplanted organ. Their pathogenesis is strongly related to a disbalance between reduced T-cell immune surveillance to avoid graft rejection, and the reactivation of the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) within B lymphocytes, leading to uncontrolled B-cell proliferation and malignant transformation. PTLD represent a spectrum of various histological entities with distinct prognosis. Clinical management mainly focuses on their surveillance and therapeutic strategy is risk-adapted. This review aims to shed light on these rare pathologies whose early detection could greatly improve the prognosis of transplant patients.


Les maladies lymphoprolifératives post-transplantation (PTLD) représentent une complication classique des receveurs d'organe. Leur incidence varie selon le profil du receveur et le type d'organe transplanté. La pathogenèse est fortement associée à un déséquilibre entre la diminution de la surveillance immunitaire T requise pour éviter le rejet du greffon et la réactivation du virus oncogénique Epstein-Barr (EBV) au sein des lymphocytes B, amenant à leur prolifération incontrôlée et à la transformation maligne. Elles représentent un spectre d'entités histologiques au pronostic variable, dont la prise en charge se concentre sur la surveillance ; la stratégie thérapeutique étant dictée par le risque. Cet article vise à mettre en lumière ces pathologies rares dont la détection précoce pourrait améliorer le pronostic des patients transplantés.


Assuntos
Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr , Transplante de Rim , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos , Transplante de Órgãos , Humanos , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/complicações , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/diagnóstico , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/epidemiologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/fisiologia , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/epidemiologia , Transtornos Linfoproliferativos/etiologia , Transplante de Órgãos/efeitos adversos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos
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