A Case of Acute Mechanical Mitral Valve Thrombosis Management With Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation.

Mechanical prosthetic valve thrombosis (PVT) and obstruction are rare and dangerous events often related to inappropriate anticoagulant therapy. High mortality rates occur because of delayed diagnosis, hemodynamic instability, multiple organ failure (MOF), and high perioperative risk. Surgical repair is a first-line treatment for obstructive PVT with hemodynamic instability but is often not readily available or safely performed. Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) support has been increasingly used in patients with PVT and cardiorespiratory collapse, allowing MOF reversal and safer deferred surgery. The authors present a case of a young female with refractory cardiogenic shock secondary to mitral PVT successfully managed with VA ECMO. Furthermore, the promising role of perioperative VA ECMO support for PVT-related cardiogenic shock is also discussed.

Adding Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Due to Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Report.

We present a challenging cardiopulmonary resuscitation scenario of an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in a 21-year-old healthy woman recovering from a lower limb fracture who collapsed during a rehabilitation session at a community center. The combination of witnessed arrest, administration of immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and effective communication to emergency services enabled a timely cannulation of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a cardiopulmonary resuscitation reference center. The cause of the cardiac arrest was pulmonary embolism, and the intensive care unit team opted for thrombolysis when she arrived after 40 minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The circulatory support given by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation enabled adequate perfusion until the restoration of cardiac blood flow at 75 minutes after cardiac arrest. Despite the initial success, several life-threatening complications occurred. Anticoagulation is of paramount importance during extracorporeal support, as is thrombolysis in massive pulmonary embolism with cardiac arrest. However, this led to several complications. We highlight the importance of liaising with a wider team in such cases, including hepatobiliary surgery, vascular surgery, and interventional radiology, as doing so saved this patient's life without deficits.

Oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea de longa duração - da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 ao transplante pulmonar / Long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - from SARS-CoV-2 infection to lung transplantation

RESUMO Mulher de 55 anos, saudável e não vacinada para SARS-CoV-2, foi admitida no hospital por infecção SARS-CoV-2 com rápida deterioração clínica. No 17º dia de doença, foi intubada e, no 24º dia, a paciente foi referenciada e admitida no nosso centro de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Inicialmente, o suporte de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea foi utilizado para possibilitar a recuperação pulmonar e permitir à paciente reabilitar e melhorar sua condição física. Apesar de apresentar uma condição física adequada, a função pulmonar não permitiu suspender a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, e a paciente foi aceita para transplante pulmonar. Um programa de reabilitação intensiva foi implementado para melhorar e manter o estado funcional da paciente em todas as fases. O curso de oxigenação por membrana extracorporal apresentou várias complicações que prejudicaram a reabilitação: falência ventricular direita, que exigiu oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venoarterial-venosa durante 10 dias; seis infecções nosocomiais, sendo quatro com progressão para choque séptico; e hemartrose do joelho. Para reduzir o risco de infecção, sempre que possível removeram-se os dispositivos invasivos (ventilação mecânica invasiva, cateter venoso central e cateter vesical), mantendo-se apenas aqueles estritamente necessários à monitorização e tratamento. Após 162 dias de suporte de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea sem outra disfunção orgânica, foi realizado o transplante pulmonar lobar bilateral. A reabilitação física e respiratória foi mantida para promover a autonomia nas atividades da vida diária. A paciente recebeu alta hospitalar 4 meses após a cirurgia.

ABSTRACT A healthy 55-year-old woman unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 was admitted to the hospital with a SARS-CoV-2 infection with rapid clinical deterioration. On the 17th day of disease, she was intubated, and on the 24th day, the patient was referred and admitted to our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was initially used to enable lung recovery and allow the patient to rehabilitate and improve her physical condition. Despite an adequate physical condition, the lung function was not adequate to discontinue extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and the patient was considered for lung transplantation. The intensive rehabilitation program was implemented to improve and maintain the physical status throughout all phases. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run had several complications that hindered successful rehabilitation: right ventricular failure that required venoarterial-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 10 days; six nosocomial infections, four with progression to septic shock; and knee hemarthrosis. To reduce the risk of infection, invasive devices (i.e., invasive mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, and vesical catheter) were removed whenever possible, keeping only those essential for monitoring and care. After 162 days of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support without other organ dysfunction, bilateral lobar lung transplantation was performed. Physical and respiratory rehabilitation were continued to promote independence in daily life activities. Four months after surgery, the patient was discharged.

Long-term extracorporeal membrane oxygenation - from SARS-CoV-2 infection to lung transplantation. / Oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea de longa duração - da infecção por SARS-CoV-2 ao transplante pulmonar.

A healthy 55-year-old woman unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2 was admitted to the hospital with a SARS-CoV-2 infection with rapid clinical deterioration. On the 17th day of disease, she was intubated, and on the 24th day, the patient was referred and admitted to our extracorporeal membrane oxygenation center. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support was initially used to enable lung recovery and allow the patient to rehabilitate and improve her physical condition. Despite an adequate physical condition, the lung function was not adequate to discontinue extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, and the patient was considered for lung transplantation. The intensive rehabilitation program was implemented to improve and maintain the physical status throughout all phases. The extracorporeal membrane oxygenation run had several complications that hindered successful rehabilitation: right ventricular failure that required venoarterial-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for 10 days; six nosocomial infections, four with progression to septic shock; and knee hemarthrosis. To reduce the risk of infection, invasive devices (i.e., invasive mechanical ventilation, central venous catheter, and vesical catheter) were removed whenever possible, keeping only those essential for monitoring and care. After 162 days of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support without other organ dysfunction, bilateral lobar lung transplantation was performed. Physical and respiratory rehabilitation were continued to promote independence in daily life activities. Four months after surgery, the patient was discharged.

Mulher de 55 anos, saudável e não vacinada para SARS-CoV-2, foi admitida no hospital por infecção SARS-CoV-2 com rápida deterioração clínica. No 17º dia de doença, foi intubada e, no 24º dia, a paciente foi referenciada e admitida no nosso centro de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea. Inicialmente, o suporte de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea foi utilizado para possibilitar a recuperação pulmonar e permitir à paciente reabilitar e melhorar sua condição física. Apesar de apresentar uma condição física adequada, a função pulmonar não permitiu suspender a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea, e a paciente foi aceita para transplante pulmonar. Um programa de reabilitação intensiva foi implementado para melhorar e manter o estado funcional da paciente em todas as fases. O curso de oxigenação por membrana extracorporal apresentou várias complicações que prejudicaram a reabilitação: falência ventricular direita, que exigiu oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea venoarterial-venosa durante 10 dias; seis infecções nosocomiais, sendo quatro com progressão para choque séptico; e hemartrose do joelho. Para reduzir o risco de infecção, sempre que possível removeram-se os dispositivos invasivos (ventilação mecânica invasiva, cateter venoso central e cateter vesical), mantendo-se apenas aqueles estritamente necessários à monitorização e tratamento. Após 162 dias de suporte de oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea sem outra disfunção orgânica, foi realizado o transplante pulmonar lobar bilateral. A reabilitação física e respiratória foi mantida para promover a autonomia nas atividades da vida diária. A paciente recebeu alta hospitalar 4 meses após a cirurgia.

Unexpected triggers for pheochromocytoma-induced recurrent heart failure.

Pheochromocytoma crisis typically presents as paroxysmal episodes of headache, tachycardia, diaphoresis or hypertension. We describe an uncommon case of recurrent non-hypertensive heart failure with systolic dysfunction in a young female due to pheochromocytoma compression. It presented as acute pulmonary oedema while straining during pregnancy and later on as cardiogenic shock after a recreational body massage. Such crisis occurring during pregnancy is rare. Moreover, of the few reported cases of pheochromocytoma-induced cardiogenic shock, recreational body massage has not yet been reported as a trigger for this condition.