RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to collect systematic data on the care of adult patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) in German epilepsy centers, to describe the characteristics of patients in this age group, and to clarify whether and how the recommended interdisciplinary care is implemented. METHODS: This retrospective survey involved 12 major epilepsy centers in Germany. Aggregated data were collected based on an electronic questionnaire that addressed the sociodemographic data, characteristics of the epilepsy syndromes, and general healthcare setting of adult patients with TSC. RESULTS: The survey included 262 patients (mean age: 36.2±9.0years) with TSC, most of whom were reported to live in either a home for persons with a disability (37.0%), a residential care home (6.9%), or with their parents (31.1%). A further 13.0% were self-sustaining, and 8.8% were living with a partner. Most patients presented with focal (49.6%) or multifocal (33.2%) epilepsy, with complex partial, dialeptic, and automotor seizures in 66% of patients and generalized tonic-clonic seizures in 63%. Drug-refractory epilepsy was seen in 78.2% of patients, and 17.6% were seizure-free at the time of the survey. Of the 262 patients, presurgical diagnostics were performed in 27% and epilepsy surgery in 9%, which rendered 50% of these patients seizure-free. Renal screening had been performed in 56.1% within the last three years and was scheduled to be performed in 58.0%. Cases of renal angiomyolipoma were present in 46.9% of the patients. Dermatologic and pulmonary screenings were known to be planned for only few patients. CONCLUSION: Despite TSC being a multisystem disorder causing considerable impairment, every fifth adult patient is self-sustaining or living with a partner. In clinical practice, uncontrolled epilepsy and renal angiomyolipoma are of major importance in adult patients with TSC. Most patients suffer from focal or multifocal epilepsy, but epilepsy surgery is performed in less than 10% of these patients. Interdisciplinary TSC centers may help to optimize the management of patients with TSC regardless of age and ensure early and adequate treatment that also considers the advances in new therapeutic options.
Assuntos
Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Epilepsia/epidemiologia , Epilepsia/terapia , Esclerose Tuberosa/epidemiologia , Esclerose Tuberosa/terapia , Adolescente , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Atenção à Saúde/tendências , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Feminino , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Esclerose Tuberosa/diagnóstico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To investigate different subtypes of intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) of the pancreas and their prognostic value. BACKGROUND: IPMNs of the pancreas are estimated to have a better prognosis than pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). In addition to the different growth types (ie, main duct vs. branch duct types), the histological subtypes of IPMNs (ie, intestinal, pancreatobiliary, gastric, and oncocytic type) are prognostically relevant. These subtypes can be characterized by different mucin (MUC) expression patterns. In this study, we analyzed the IPMNs from 2 pancreatic cancer referral centers by correlating the MUC expression, histological subtype, and clinical outcome. METHODS: We re-evaluated all resections due to a pancreatic tumor over a period of 15 years. Cases with IPMNs were identified, and the subtypes were distinguished using histopathological analysis, including the immunohistochemical analysis of MUC (ie, MUC1, MUC2, and MUC5AC) expression. Furthermore, we determined clinical characteristics and patient outcome. RESULTS: A total of 103 IPMNs were identified. On the basis of the MUC profile, histopathological subtypes were classified into the following categories: intestinal type [n = 45 (44%)], pancreatobiliary type [n = 41 (40%)], gastric type [n = 13 (12%)], and oncocytic type [n = 4 (4%)]. The following types of resections were performed: pancreatic head resections [n = 77 (75%)], tail resections [n = 16 (15%)], total pancreatectomies [n = 5 (5%)], and segment resections [n = 5 (5%)]. The 5-year survival of patients with intestinal IPMNs was significantly better than pancreatobiliary IPMNs (86.6% vs. 35.6%; P < 0.001). The pancreatobiliary subtype was strongly associated with malignancy [odds ratio (OR): 6.76], recurrence (P < 0.001), and long-term survival comparable with that of PDAC patients. CONCLUSIONS: Evaluation of IPMN subtypes supports postoperative patient prognosis prediction. Therefore, subtype differentiation could lead to improvements in clinical management. Potentially identifying subgroups with the need for adjuvant therapy may be possible.
Assuntos
Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mucinas/metabolismo , Análise Multivariada , Pancreatectomia/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise de Sobrevida , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
As an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, p16(INK4A) is an important tumour suppressor and inducer of cellular senescence that is often inactivated during the development of cancer by promoter DNA methylation. Using newly established lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs) expressing a conditional EBNA3C from recombinant EBV, we demonstrate that EBNA3C inactivation initiates chromatin remodelling that resets the epigenetic status of p16(INK4A) to permit transcriptional activation: the polycomb-associated repressive H3K27me3 histone modification is substantially reduced, while the activation-related mark H3K4me3 is modestly increased. Activation of EBNA3C reverses the distribution of these epigenetic marks, represses p16(INK4A) transcription and allows proliferation. LCLs lacking EBNA3A express relatively high levels of p16(INK4A) and have a similar pattern of histone modifications on p16(INK4A) as produced by the inactivation of EBNA3C. Since binding to the co-repressor of transcription CtBP has been linked to the oncogenic activity of EBNA3A and EBNA3C, we established LCLs with recombinant viruses encoding EBNA3A- and/or EBNA3C-mutants that no longer bind CtBP. These novel LCLs have revealed that the chromatin remodelling and epigenetic repression of p16(INK4A) requires the interaction of both EBNA3A and EBNA3C with CtBP. The repression of p16(INK4A) by latent EBV will not only overcome senescence in infected B cells, but may also pave the way for p16(INK4A) DNA methylation during B cell lymphomagenesis.
Assuntos
Oxirredutases do Álcool/metabolismo , Antígenos Virais/metabolismo , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/genética , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/metabolismo , Epigênese Genética , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/metabolismo , Antígenos Nucleares do Vírus Epstein-Barr/metabolismo , Herpesvirus Humano 4/metabolismo , Oxirredutases do Álcool/genética , Antígenos Virais/genética , Linfócitos B/metabolismo , Linfócitos B/patologia , Western Blotting , Proliferação de Células , Montagem e Desmontagem da Cromatina , Imunoprecipitação da Cromatina , Inibidor p16 de Quinase Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Metilação de DNA , Proteínas de Ligação a DNA/genética , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Antígenos Nucleares do Vírus Epstein-Barr/genética , Citometria de Fluxo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Herpesvirus Humano 4/genética , Humanos , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Ativação TranscricionalRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Intraductal papillary-mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) were officially introduced into the TNM classification in 1996. Based on a two-center database, we reevaluated histopathological findings, clinicopathological pattern, predictive markers for malignancy, and outcome. METHODS: Between 1996 and 2006, a total of 1424 pancreatic resections were performed in the University Hospitals Dresden and Mannheim. Pathologists of both institutions reviewed the IPMN diagnoses and other with cystic or solid tumor diagnoses. All possible markers, such as diabetes, jaundice, etc., were analyzed for prediction of malignancy. We performed a survival analysis based on the morphologic classification to determine the prognosis of IPMN. RESULTS: There were 43 patients of primarily diagnosed IPMN along with 1174 patients with diagnoses, such as ductal adenocarcinoma. In 207 patients, the diagnoses revealed other cystic or small solid tumors. A histopathological review of the latter patients revealed 54 IPMNs, resulting in a total of 97 IPMN patients (29 noninvasive, 68 invasive). All IPMN patients had a median survival of 36 months. Recurrence occurred more frequently in invasive IPMN. Predictive markers of malignancy were pain, preoperative weight loss, jaundice, and elevated CA 19.9. The strongest independent prognostic factor was invasive growth. The survival analysis revealed excellent prognosis for noninvasive IPMN. CONCLUSIONS: Since the introduction of IPMN in 1996, even specialized centers have had to deal with a learning curve. By reevaluating all cystic or small solid tumors, centers can improve and their patients' treatment can be optimized. Because the preoperative diagnostic methods are not sensitive enough to differentiate between benign and malignant lesions, surgery is advocated for all main duct IPMN, because they have a high malignant potential. For branch duct IPMN, surgery is advocated if the lesion is symptomatic, >3 cm, or has enlarged nodules.