RESUMO
We investigated the isolated and combined mutagenic effect (ME) of radiation (gamma-irradiation, 0.5 or 2 Gy) and asbestos (i.p. 10 mg/mice) in mice CBA. We studied also the antioxidant activity and malonic dialdehyde concentration in blood serum as possible mechanism of ME and its possible modification. For the ME the micro-nuclei incidence in polychromatic bone marrow erythrocytes was scored. The reciprocal modification (potentiation) of both radiation and asbestos ME was established for combination "radiation, 2 Gy + asbestos", the additivity--for combination "radiation, 0.5 Gy + asbestos".
Assuntos
Amianto/efeitos adversos , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos da radiação , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/efeitos da radiação , Mutagênese/efeitos dos fármacos , Mutagênese/efeitos da radiação , Animais , Raios gama , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Testes para Micronúcleos , Doses de Radiação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The impact of transport vibration on the mutagenic effect (ME) of asbestos, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzene, ortho-aminotoluene, and quinoline was studied. There was a decrease in ME of all the substances when they influenced erythrocytes simultaneously with 24-hour vibration. Decreased ME of BaP was seen during 2-month vibration, and ME increased during 3-day vibration.
Assuntos
Mutagênicos , Vibração/efeitos adversos , Animais , Amianto/toxicidade , Benzeno/toxicidade , Benzo(a)pireno/toxicidade , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Carcinógenos/toxicidade , Corantes/toxicidade , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Camundongos , Testes para Micronúcleos , Quinolinas/toxicidade , Solventes/toxicidade , Fatores de Tempo , o-Aminoazotolueno/toxicidadeRESUMO
Guinea pigs were injected with coal tar (CT) (intratracheally, 25 mg per animal once a week or a month for 2 or 8 months, respectively), then they were infected with MBT (H37Rv, 0.1 mg, subcutaneously). There were changes in hematological responses to MBT changes (in the context of the cell composition of bone marrow and peripheral blood), their pattern was associated with the mode of exposure to CT preceding MBT inoculation. The greatest differences were found in the responses of bone marrow lymphopoiesis and peripheral lymphocytes upon both exposures to CT. On greater exposure to CT (once a week) the changes in the blood system indicated that CT had an adverse effect on the course of experimental tuberculosis, while on lesser exposure (once a month), the effect of CT was more favourable.
Assuntos
Alcatrão/efeitos adversos , Tuberculose/sangue , Tuberculose/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea/citologia , Alcatrão/administração & dosagem , Contagem de Eritrócitos , Cobaias , Hematopoese , Injeções , Contagem de Leucócitos , Contagem de Linfócitos , Neutrófilos , Fatores de Tempo , TraqueiaAssuntos
Mutagênicos/toxicidade , Mutação , Vibração , 2-Acetilaminofluoreno/toxicidade , Animais , Benzeno/toxicidade , Benzopirenos/toxicidade , Células da Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Células da Medula Óssea/ultraestrutura , Eritrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritrócitos/ultraestrutura , Masculino , Camundongos , Testes para Micronúcleos , Mutação/efeitos dos fármacos , Fatores de Tempo , o-Aminoazotolueno/toxicidadeRESUMO
The study covered possible modification of mutagenic action of asbestos in combination with widespread agents--ethanol, coffee extractive and fumigating resin. Such modifying effects as antagonism, synergism were revealed as well as an independent action. An attempt was made to extrapolate the obtained data to human exposure to asbestos.
Assuntos
Amianto/efeitos adversos , Café/efeitos adversos , Etanol/efeitos adversos , Mutagênicos , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Alcatrões/efeitos adversos , Animais , Camundongos , Testes de MutagenicidadeRESUMO
Nonfibrous mineral dusts antigorite, basalt, cement, zeolite-klinoptilolite and gamma-alumina were tested for carcinogenic activity in rat experiments. Intraperitoneal injections of zeolite-klinoptilolite and gamma-alumina led to development of peritoneal mesotheliomas, whereas antigorite and cement had no carcinogenic potential. There is no differences in physicochemical and chemical properties between carcinogenically active and inactive nonfibrous dusts. A new class of carcinogenic substances is defined including basalt, zeolite-klinoptilolite and quartz which belong to nonfibrous mineral dusts.
Assuntos
Poeira/efeitos adversos , Mesotelioma/induzido quimicamente , Minerais/toxicidade , Neoplasias Peritoneais/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Fenômenos Químicos , Físico-Química , Feminino , Masculino , Mesotelioma/patologia , Camundongos , Minerais/química , Neoplasias Peritoneais/patologia , Ratos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
In order to eliminate asbestos adverse effect on workers' health it was necessary to use mineral rayon, primarily basalt fibre, instead of asbestos. During a chronic experiment on animals the oncogenicity of 2 kinds of basalt fibre was studied compared to chrysotile asbestos. The dust dose of 25 mg was twice administered by intraperitonial route. All types of dust induced the onset of intraperitonial mesotheliomas but neoplasm rates were significantly lower in the groups exposed to basalt fibre. There was no credible data on the differences between the groups exposed to various types of basalt fibre. Since the latter produced some oncogenic effect, it was necessary to develop a complex of antidust measures, fully corresponding to the measures adopted for carcinogenic dusts.
Assuntos
Amianto/efeitos adversos , Mesotelioma/etiologia , Minerais/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Peritoneais/etiologia , Silicatos , Dióxido de Silício/efeitos adversos , Animais , Asbestos Serpentinas , Ratos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Cellular immunity and activity of enzymes of xenobiotic metabolism have been investigated. It has been shown that administration of benzene induces a stable immune deficiency syndrome characterized by a decrease in the quantity if antibody-forming cells, T-killers and T-suppressors. The activity of enzymes (cytochrome P-450 and cytochrome C reductase) was also inhibited. It has been shown that anabol can stimulate the parameters of cellular immunity and enzyme activity. Benzene intoxication was demonstrated to be a model of immune deficiency syndrome similar to the clinical pattern. Anabol was shown to be an effective immunomodulator.
Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos/uso terapêutico , Benzeno/intoxicação , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Síndromes de Imunodeficiência/tratamento farmacológico , Lactobacillus , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BLRESUMO
Certain theoretical aspects of the method, the normal level of micronuclei in polychromatic erythrocytes of bone marrow cells in different animals species, the data obtained for the different types of chemical compounds are analyzed as well as the possibility of obtaining false-negative and false-positive results. This method is found to be very promising and needs further development in the near future.
Assuntos
Carcinógenos , Núcleo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Testes de Mutagenicidade , Animais , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Medula Óssea/ultraestrutura , Núcleo Celular/ultraestrutura , Avaliação Pré-Clínica de Medicamentos , HumanosAssuntos
Benzeno/efeitos adversos , Leucemia Experimental/induzido quimicamente , Leucemia/induzido quimicamente , Animais , Benzeno/metabolismo , Benzeno/toxicidade , Aberrações Cromossômicas , DNA/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Tolerância Imunológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Leucemia/epidemiologia , Concentração Máxima Permitida , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos , Doenças Profissionais/induzido quimicamente , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Linfócitos T/efeitos dos fármacos , Linfócitos T/imunologiaRESUMO
Experiments were conducted on albino rats, CBA mice and rabbits. The experimental benzol poisoning caused insignificant changes in reticular cell proliferation without any changes in the level of these cells in bone marrow and spleen. It was shown also that the level of reticular cells play a certain role in resistance and activity of erythropoiesis and in the production of colonies by stem cells.
Assuntos
Benzeno/intoxicação , Medula Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Baço/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ensaio de Unidades Formadoras de Colônias , Camundongos , Coelhos , Lesões Experimentais por Radiação/imunologia , Ratos , Baço/citologia , Transplante IsogênicoRESUMO
Experiments were conducted on CBA mice and albino rats. A study was made of the effect of erythrocyte destruction products (EDP) on the content of hemopoietic colony-forming units (CFU), differentiation of stem cells and the erythropoietin production. It was shown that 3 or 4 EDP injections to normal mice or to lethally irradiated (1000 rad) mice after the transplantation of bone marrow cells caused no changes in the CFU level of stem cells differentiation. In case of a daily (for 3 days) administration of EDP to mice before the irradiation (1000 rad) and bone marrow transplantation there was observed an increase of the colonies count in the recipients' spleen on account of the erythroid colonies. EDP injection caused no changes in the erythropoietic activity of the blood serum. A possible role of erythrocyte destruction products in the mechanism of erythropoiesis autoregulation is discussed.
Assuntos
Eritrócitos/fisiologia , Eritropoetina/biossíntese , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Células da Medula Óssea , Transplante de Medula Óssea , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Clonais/efeitos dos fármacos , Eritropoese/efeitos da radiação , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos CBA , Ratos , Baço/citologia , Baço/efeitos da radiação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
Peripheral blood leukocytosis and an increase of mature forms of neutrophils and monocytes in the bone marrow, as well as an improvement of the oxygen supply of the bone marrow cells (by the data of polarographic studies) followed the intraperitoneal injections of rat peritoneal macrophage destruction products (MDP) to the recipient rats. Analogous changes were obtained in the bone marrow in case of intraperitoneal injection of the cytotoxic quartz dust particles. Having been injected intraperitoneally to donor CBA mice, the MDPs strikingly stimulated the glanulocytopoietic colonies formation in the spleen of the recipient CBA mice X-irradiated with a lethal dose and then injected intravenously with the bone marrow of spleen tissue suspensions obtained from the donors. The results obtained are discussed from the aspect of a possible role of the destroyed tissue macrophages in the formation of a colony-stimulating factor in the auto-control of the phagocytic responses.