Analysis of predictors of fever after aortic valve replacement: Diabetic patients are less likely to develop fever after aortic valve replacement, a single-centre retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Postoperative temperature dysregulation affects the length of hospital stay and prognosis. This study evaluated the factors that influence the occurrence of fever in patients after aortic valve replacement surgery. METHODS: Eighty-seven consecutive patients who underwent aortic valve replacement surgery were included. Patients' age, sex and body mass index; presence of diabetes mellitus; operation time; blood loss; blood transfusion volume; preoperative and postoperative laboratory findings; presence or absence of oral function management; and fever >38°C were retrospectively analysed through univariate and multiple logistic regression analyses. RESULTS: Among the variables, only diabetes mellitus status was significantly associated with fever ⩾38°C. Postoperatively, patients with diabetes mellitus were significantly less likely to develop fever above 38°C and a fever rising to 38°C. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that the presence of comorbid diabetes mellitus decreases the frequency of developing fever >38°C after aortic valve replacement surgery.

Predictors of Occult Metastasis and Prognostic Factors in Patients with cN0 Oral Cancer Who Underwent Elective Neck Dissection.

Elective neck dissection (END) is recommended for the management of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) because of the risk of occult metastasis (OM). We hypothesized that some factors predict poor prognosis regardless of a cN0 END. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of OM and prognostic factors in patients with cN0 OSCC who underwent supraomohyoid neck dissection (SOHND). A retrospective cohort study design was created and implemented. The primary predictive variables in this study were OM and risk factors for poor prognosis after SOHND. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to adjust for the effects of potential confounders on the risk factors for poor prognoses. Among 86 patients with OSCC, OMs were observed in 9 (10.5%). The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and vascular invasion are good markers for detecting OM. A Cox multivariable analysis identified two independent predictors of overall survival: pathologic node (pN) and laterality of END. An independent predictive factor for disease-free survival, the surgical margin, was also identified in this study. According to the pN classification, pN1 patients had a worse survival rate than pN2 patients. Therefore, in the case of pN1, regardless of being cN0, additional adjuvant therapy may be necessary.

Involvement of submandibular gland in oral squamous cell carcinoma.

BACKGROUND: The submandibular gland (SMG) is sacrificed during neck dissection in patients undergoing curative surgery for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This may cause a decrease in the production of saliva and result in xerostomia. PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the incidence, invasion patterns, risk factors, and prognosis of SMG involvement in OSCC. METHODS: The primary predictor variable in this study was SMG involvement, and the secondary predictor was prognosis. MAIN FINDINGS: The primary outcome variables were patient characteristics and pathological results for extranodal extension (ENE), perineural invasion (PNI), and pN stage. Four out of 173 patients (2.23 %) showed SMG involvement. Of these cases, one (25 %) was from the primary lesion and three (75 %) were from the metastatic neck lymph nodes (LNs). The primary lesion was located on the lower gingiva, and the other three were from level-Ib LNs with ENE. The pathological PNI was observed in three of the four patients, and ENE was observed in three of the four patients. Preoperative CT and MR revealed SMG invasion and contact in two patients. There were significant differences in the ENE and pN stages between patients with and without SMG involvement (P<0.05). There was a significant difference in the overall survival between patients with (25.0 %) and without (71.5 %) SMG involvement (P = 0.011). CONCLUSIONS: SMG involvement was associated with ENE, pN stage, and poor prognosis.

p62 Is a Potential Biomarker for Risk of Malignant Transformation of Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders (OPMDs).

To determine the intracellular behavior of p62, a marker of selective autophagy, in oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). This retrospective study includes 70 patients who underwent biopsy or surgical resection and were definitively diagnosed with OPMDs. Immunohistochemical staining for p62, XPO1, p53, and ki67 was performed on all samples and positive cell occupancy was calculated. We statistically investigated the correlation between protein expression in OPMDs and the association between malignant transformation, clinicopathological characteristics, and occupancy. ki67 expression was negatively correlated with p62 expression in the nucleus (p < 0.01) and positively correlated with p62 expression in the cytoplasm (p < 0.01). For malignant transformation, the expression of p62 in the nucleus (p = 0.03) was significantly lower in malignant transformation cases, whereas the expression of p62 in the cytoplasm (p = 0.03) and the aggregation expression (p < 0.01) were significantly higher. Our results suggest that the function of p62 is altered by its subcellular localization. In addition, defects in selective autophagy occur in cases of malignant transformation, suggesting that p62 is a potential biomarker of the risk of malignant transformation of OPMDs.

A Case of Tophaceous Pseudogout with Destruction of the Skull Base at the Temporomandibular Joint.

We report a case of tophaceous pseudogout that occurred in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and presented with skull base destruction. The patient was a 73-year-old woman, who complained of an obstructed ear sensation in December 2021. The otolaryngological examination was unremarkeable, and a computed tomography scan revealed a calcified lesion in the left TMJ. Suspected of having osteochondroma, the patient was brought to our hospital. She was performed tumor resection as much as possible under general anesthesia revealed nodular pseudogout. The patient refused to undergo total resection due to the necessary craniotomy and the risk of postoperative complications. Instead, the patient decided to undergo following-up. One year and 4 months have passed since the biopsy operation, but there is no tendency to re-increase.

A Case of Primary Intraosseous Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma of the Mandible.

Primary intraosseous adenoid cystic carcinoma (PIACC) of the jaw is rare. To our knowledge, only 51 cases have been reported in the English literature. We present a rare case of PIACC arising in the mandible with multiple bone metastases and review the previous articles. A 70-year-old woman presented with paresthesia of the right chin and lower gingiva for 4 months. Radiography revealed an irregular radiolucent region on the right side of the ramus, infiltrating to the mandibular canal. Biopsy revealed a pathological diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma. Multiple bone metastases were present in the sternum, scapula, and thighs. The treatment effect was progressive disease for chemotherapy; therefore, best supportive care was provided for 3 years.

Prognostic prediction using maximum standardized uptake value ratio of lymph node-to-primary tumor in preoperative PET-CT for oral squamous cell carcinoma.

This study aimed to calculate the ratio of maximum standardized uptake values of cervical lymph nodes to maximum standardized uptake values of primary tumors measured by preoperative fluorodeoxyglucose positron-emission tomography in oral cancer patients, and to retrospectively examine the prognostic association and evaluate whether it could be a prognostic factor. We retrospectively examined consecutive Japanese patients diagnosed with oral squamous cell carcinoma who underwent oral cancer resection and cervical dissection between January 2014 and December 2018. The study included 52 patients aged 39-89 years (median age 66.5 years), excluding non-cervical dissection surgery and/or non-underwent preoperative positron-emission tomography. The maximum standardized uptake value of the cervical lymph nodes and primary tumor was measured, and the ratio of maximum standardized uptake values of the lymph nodes to that of the primary tumor was calculated. The median follow-up of 52 patients was 1,465 days (198-2,553 days), and overall survival was significantly worse in patients with a high lymph node-to-tumor standardized uptake values ratio (>0.4739) (5 years, 58.8% vs. 88.2%; P<0.05). Pretreatment lymph node-to-tumor standardized uptake values ratio can be easily calculated, and as a predictor of prognosis, it may be of assistance when considering the treatment strategy for oral cancer.

Postoperative Deep Sedation after Microvascular Reconstructive Surgery for Oral Cancer Increases the Risk of Early Postoperative Pneumonia.

This study investigated the effect of postoperative deep sedation after oral cancer reconstructive surgery on the occurrence of early postoperative pneumonia and early postoperative delirium. We obtained medical records of 108 consecutive patients who underwent microvascular reconstructive surgery at Tsukuba University Hospital for oral cancer between January 2013 and December 2021. Forty-six of them woke soon after surgery. Ten of these forty-six patients were restless and required immediate sedation within 3 h after surgery. The comparison between sedation group and no sedation group revealed early postoperative pneumonia in the no sedation group; however, sedation was not related to early postoperative delirium. The preoperative albumin levels of patients with postoperative pneumonia were significantly different (p = 0.03) than those of patients without postoperative pneumonia. The performance status (p = 0.02), preoperative albumin level (p = 0.02), and age 75 years or older (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with postoperative delirium. Restless patients and those who could not be sedated experienced delirium and pneumonia. The risk of pneumonia was increased for patients who were difficult to sedate.

Anterior Maxillary Distraction Osteogenesis With Bone-borne Intraoral Buccal Devices for Maxillary Hypoplasia With Cleft Lip and Palate.

Anterior maxillary distraction osteogenesis (AMDO) surgery for cleft lip and palate involves distraction of a segment of the anterior maxilla and advancement using 2 intraoral buccal bone-borne distraction devices. The anterior part of the maxilla is advanced anteriorly with less relapse which increases maxillary length and does not affect speech. We aimed to evaluate the effects of AMDO, including lateral cephalometric changes. Seventeen patients who had undergone this procedure were included in this retrospective study. The distractors were activated by 0.5 mm twice a day after a 3-day latency period. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated preoperatively, after distraction and removal of distractors, which were compared using the paired Student's t test. Anterior maxillary advancement was obtained in all patients with a median of 8.0 mm. Complications included nasal bleeding and loosening of distractors; however, there was no tooth damage or abnormal movement. The mean sella-nasion-A point (SNA) angle increased significantly, from 74.91° to 79.66°, the A point-nasion-B point angle from -0.38° to 4.34°, and the perpendicular line from nasion to Frankfort Horizontal (NV)-A point from -5.11 to 0.08 mm. The mean anterior nasal spine-posterior nasal spine length increased significantly from 50.74 to 55.10 mm, and the NV-Nose Tip from 23.59 to 26.27 mm. The mean relapse rate of NV-A was 11.1%. AMDO with bone-borne distractor resulted in less relapse and effectively corrected the maxillary retrusion.

A Case of Primary Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Dentigerous Cyst of Mandible.

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PISCC) arising from dentigerous cysts (DCs) is rare. Herein, we present a rare case of a 35 year-old Japanese man with PISCC arising from a DC. Clinicians should be aware of the potential for malignant changes to SCC in asymptomatic DCs and should conduct follow-up. Moreover, histological examination of the entire specimen should be performed even if the lesion is suspected to be benign.

A Case of Tooth Extraction in a Patient with Food-Dependent Exercise Induced Anaphylaxis.

A 29-year-old Japanese man with food-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA) underwent tooth extraction under general anesthesia. FDEIA is a rare condition in which anaphylaxis occurs due to exercise load or oral administration of NSAIDs after ingestion of allergens. Wheat is often the cause in FEDIA, defined as wheat-dependent exercise-induced anaphylaxis (WDEIA). It is an allergy that is not well known in the dental field. Patients may ingest the causative food on a regular basis because they do not develop without factors such as exercise. Post extraction period was uneventful as the patient was instructed not to ingest wheat before the treatment or while he was taking NSAIDs. We were able to safely extract teeth without causing anaphylaxis.

Anatomical Variant of Spinal Accessory Nerve Passing through Fenestrated Internal Jugular Vein.

Neck dissection (ND) is a major surgery for head and neck cancer. Currently, some or all of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN), sternocleidomastoid muscle, and internal jugular vein (IJV) are aggressively preserved during ND to reduce postoperative complications. Since the anatomical relationship between the SAN and IJV has several variations, knowledge of these variations is necessary to avoid iatrogenic damage. In the present case, the SAN was observed to pass through the fenestrated IJV at the level of the posterior belly of the digastric muscle during ND in a patient with squamous cell carcinoma of the mandible. Although the anatomical structure of the SAN and IJV is rare, surgeons must be aware of this anatomical variation.

Lip Epidermoid Cyst Caused by a Piercing: A Report of a Rare Case.

We report the case of a lip epidermoid cyst, caused by piercing in a 23-year-old Japanese woman. She had an exophytic lesion in the lower lip associated with the piercing which was initially diagnosed as a mucous retention cyst. The lesion was resected under local anesthesia, and pathological examination revealed an epidermoid cyst, likely caused by piercings. Piercing-induced epidermoid cysts frequently occur in the tragus. There have been no reports of piercing-induced epidermoid cysts developing in the oral cavity. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a lip epidermal cyst caused by piercings. Six months have passed since the operation, and it has not recurred.

Does the geriatric nutrition risk index predict the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma?

Malnutrition is associated with the prognosis of malignant disease. The geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI), based on serum albumin (ALB) levels and the present and ideal body weight, is a simple screening tool with which to predict the risk of malnutrition and mortality in patients. We hypothesised that nutritional markers could predict the prognosis of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The primary predictor variable was the GNRI score and the primary outcome variable was overall survival (OS). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using a Cox proportional hazard model to identify independent prognostic factors. The sample comprised 155 patients, of whom 17 presented with a low GNRI score (≤98) and 138 with a high GNRI score (≥ 98). There was a significant difference in OS when patients were stratified according to GNRI scores, with OS rates of 29.2% and 76.4% for scores of 98 and under and scores of over 98, respectively (p < 0.001). Univariate analyses showed that OS was significantly associated with GNRI score, age, T classification, N classification, stage, body mass index (BMI), prognostic nutrition index, and ALB levels. Analysis identified three independent predictive factors for OS: age (hazard ratio (HR) 2.184; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.119 to 4.261; p = 0.022), stage (HR 2.684; 95% CI 1.457 to 5.367; p = 0.011), and GNRI score (HR 4.559; 95% CI 2.172 to 9.570; p <0.001). The results suggest that the GNRI score (>98 vs ≤98) is a good prognostic marker in patients with OSCC, along with age and stage.

Transplanted neural lineage cells derived from dental pulp stem cells promote peripheral nerve regeneration.

Cell therapy for peripheral nerve injury is a promising strategy as regenerative medicine that restores neurological function. However, challenges remain in producing suitable and sufficient amounts of autologous cells for promoting nerve regeneration. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of neural lineage cells (NLCs) differentiated from dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and reveal their effect on functional recovery and nerve regeneration after cell transplantation into an immunodeficient rat using a nerve guide conduit. Here we report a protocol of neural induction in monolayer culture and characterize NLCs in vitro. Furthermore, NLCs were transplanted into an immunodeficient rat model with a 10-mm sciatic nerve defect, and cell survival and differentiation were investigated in vivo. Outcomes of nerve regeneration were also assessed using the remyelinated axon numbers, myelin sheath thickness, electrophysiological activities, and gastrocnemius muscle mass. NLCs comprised neuronal, astrocyte, oligodendrocyte, and neural crest lineage cells. NLCs enhanced the activities of endothelial cells, Schwann cells, and neurons in a paracrine-dependent manner in vitro. At 2 weeks post-transplantation, numerous transplanted NLCs differentiated into platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) + oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and a few PDGFRα + /p75 neurotrophin receptor + Schwann cell-like cells derived from OPCs were observed. At 12 weeks post-transplantation, human Schwann cell-like cells survived, and axon growth, remyelination, electrophysiological activities, and muscle atrophy were improved. This study demonstrates the broad application of our protocol of neural induction of DPSCs and portrays the efficacy of transplantation of NLCs derived from human DPSCs as a promising strategy for peripheral nerve regeneration.

Dedifferentiated Low-Grade Central Osteosarcoma of the Mandible.

We present the first, to our knowledge, case of a dedifferentiated low-grade central osteosarcoma (LCOS) of the mandible. A 48-year-old Japanese woman underwent enucleation under general anesthesia after a diagnosis of ossifying fibroma. At the second recurrence, the pathological diagnosis after biopsy was of sarcoma with MDM2(+) and CDK4(+) immunohistochemical staining results. Hemimandibulotomy, supraomohyoid neck dissection, and free-flap reconstruction with a rectus abdominal flap were performed. A retrospective reevaluation of the first specimen with additional immunohistochemical staining for MDM2 and CDK4 yielded a final diagnosis of dedifferentiated LCOS. The patient showed no recurrence or lung metastasis 3 years after the final surgery.

Osseous Choristoma of the Tongue: A Case Report.

We report a case of a 40-year-old Japanese woman with a benign tongue tumor diagnosed as osseous choristoma of the tongue. Resection of the tongue tumor was performed under general anesthesia. The gross examination of the resected specimen showed a bone-like mass measuring 5 × 5 × 3 mm, surrounded by soft tissue. Based on the findings, a histopathological diagnosis of osseous choristoma was established. There was no evidence of tumor recurrence or distant metastasis during the 3-year follow-up.

Age Related Immunosenescence Epstein-Barr Virus-positive Mucocutaneous Ulcer of the Palate Mimicking Medication-related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw.

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) -positive mucocutaneous ulcer (EBVMCU) was first described as a lymphoproliferative disorder in 2010. In recent years, EBVMCU has been reported in the field of oral surgery. On the other hand, medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is an osteomyelitis that occurs in patients receiving antiresorptive agents including bisphosphonates (BP) and/or denosumab developing with bacterial infections such as dental diseases and mucositis. MRONJ caused by EBVMCU in the elderly has not been reported. Here, we report a rare case of MRONJ caused by EBVMCU in the elderly. The patient, an 82-year-old woman, had received BP for more than 2 years. An ulcerative lesion was found in the palatal mucosa; biopsy performed from the site confirmed the diagnosis of EBVMCU. At follow-up, the lesion disappeared spontaneously. At the 6-month follow-up, bone formation was observed at the site of the lesion, and the sequestrum was removed. At the 12-month follow-up healing of the EBVMCU region was seen indicating a good prognosis.

Convenient Decision Criteria for Surgery in Elderly Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Elderly patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) have difficulty undergoing curative surgical treatment due to various factors besides age. The purpose of the present study was to study the factors determining surgery in elderly patients with OSCC. We designed and implemented a retrospective cohort study. The study sample included elderly patients aged ≥ 70 years with OSCC and they were statistically compared between the surgery and non-surgery groups. The primary outcome variable was selecting surgery as the treatment plan, while the secondary outcome was the prognosis of each group. The sample comprised 76 patients aged ≥ 70 years with OSCC, of whom 52 treated with surgery and 24 patients treated with non-surgery. As decision factors, performance status (PS), clinical stage, serum Alb level, body mass index (BMI), and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) were significantly associated with the selection of surgery. Logistic multivariate analysis identified three independent predictive factors for selecting surgery: Alb (≥3.5 vs. <3.5), PS (0, 1, 2, 3), and clinical stage. According to the decision tree analysis, curative surgery is the recommended treatment strategy for elderly patients with Alb ≥ 3.5 g/dL, PS 0, and stage I, II. In conclusion, Alb, PS, and clinical stage may be the criteria for selecting surgery in elderly patients.