RESUMO
In recent years, millisecond-duration radio signals originating in distant galaxies appear to have been discovered in the so-called fast radio bursts. These signals are dispersed according to a precise physical law and this dispersion is a key observable quantity, which, in tandem with a redshift measurement, can be used for fundamental physical investigations. Every fast radio burst has a dispersion measurement, but none before now have had a redshift measurement, because of the difficulty in pinpointing their celestial coordinates. Here we report the discovery of a fast radio burst and the identification of a fading radio transient lasting ~6 days after the event, which we use to identify the host galaxy; we measure the galaxy's redshift to be z = 0.492 ± 0.008. The dispersion measure and redshift, in combination, provide a direct measurement of the cosmic density of ionized baryons in the intergalactic medium of ΩIGM = 4.9 ± 1.3 per cent, in agreement with the expectation from the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, and including all of the so-called 'missing baryons'. The ~6-day radio transient is largely consistent with the radio afterglow of a short γ-ray burst, and its existence and timescale do not support progenitor models such as giant pulses from pulsars, and supernovae. This contrasts with the interpretation of another recently discovered fast radio burst, suggesting that there are at least two classes of bursts.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value and clinical significance of three-dimensional MR imaging of the breast in patients with mammographically detected suspicious microcalcifications. METHODS: Forty patients with suspicious microcalcifications on mammography were evaluated with three-dimensional MR imaging. MR findings were grouped mainly by distribution of abnormal enhancement (linear, focal-clumped, segmental-clumped, segmental-stippled and diffuse-stippled). These findings were compared with the mammography findings according to the criteria of the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) and histopathologic data. RESULTS: Twenty patients had proven malignancies, most frequently ductal carcinoma in situ. For all the cases, linear (100%) and segmental-clumped type (100%) enhancement on MR imaging showed a significantly higher risk for malignancy. Diffuse stippled type (7%) and no enhancement (0%) on MR imaging indicated the lowest possibility of malignancy. 3D-MR imaging showed a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 95% and an overall accuracy of 93% in this study. CONCLUSIONS: Three-dimensional MR imaging of the breast can more accurately diagnose ductal carcinoma in situ. Combined with mammography, this procedure is useful for reducing the number of false-positive biopsies and helpful for deciding the better management of patients with mammographically detected suspicious microcalcifications.
Assuntos
Doenças Mamárias/diagnóstico , Mama/patologia , Calcinose/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/diagnóstico , Carcinoma Intraductal não Infiltrante/diagnóstico , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Feminino , Gadolínio DTPA , Humanos , Mamografia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
We report here kinetic analyses of the hydrolysis of DNA by the ATP-dependent DNase using a DNA-immobilized quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM), which enables in situ real-time monitoring both the binding of enzyme and the hydrolysis reaction on DNA strands, as mass changes.
Assuntos
Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , DNA/metabolismo , Desoxirribonucleases/metabolismo , Quartzo/química , Sequência de Bases , Cristalização , DNA/química , Hidrólise , Cinética , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Ligação ProteicaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the possibility of using sevoflurane for inhalation sedation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Thirty-five volunteers were divided randomly into two groups: sevoflurane group (n = 20) and nitrous oxide (N2O) group (n = 15). At the beginning of the sedation they all inhaled 100% O2, then a 0.1 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of sevoflurane or 10% N2O with oxygen, a 0.2 MAC of sevoflurane or 20% N2O with oxygen, and 0.3 MAC of sevoflurane or 30% N2O with oxygen for 10 minutes each. RESULTS: The respiratory and cardiovascular functions were stable during inhalation of the gas mixtures. There were five negative comments about breathing N2O, but none about breathing sevoflurane. CONCLUSION: All subjects in the sevoflurane group stated they would be willing to submit to the same inhalation procedure again.
Assuntos
Anestesia Dentária , Anestesia por Inalação , Anestésicos Inalatórios/administração & dosagem , Éteres/administração & dosagem , Éteres Metílicos , Óxido Nitroso/administração & dosagem , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Feminino , Coração/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Pulmão/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Oxigênio/administração & dosagem , Satisfação do Paciente , Respiração/efeitos dos fármacos , Sevoflurano , Volume de Ventilação Pulmonar/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
We attempted to instruct the outpatients with malignant liver tumor (metastatic liver cancer and advanced hepatocellular carcinoma) who received intermittent arterial infusion chemotherapy using implanted reservoir to detach the devices for arterial infusion by themselves at home. All patients who received our instruction could master self-detachment at home, which shortened the hospitalized day. And patients' desire for this treatment promoted with improvement of the recognition of their families to participate in treatment together. We experienced no trouble which disturb the treatment. This methods was considered to promote the improvement of QOL of these patients.
Assuntos
Assistência Ambulatorial , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia por Infusões no Domicílio , Bombas de Infusão Implantáveis , Neoplasias Hepáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/secundário , Feminino , Serviços Hospitalares de Assistência Domiciliar , Humanos , Infusões Intra-Arteriais , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , AutoadministraçãoRESUMO
Two cell lines (ACCS and ACCY) were isolated from two individuals with adenoid cystic carcinoma (AdCC) using tissue culture techniques. Both cell lines have similar morphology, i.e., elongated and flattened cells with slender cytoplasmic processes. The two cell lines tend to form pseudocysts, which are a specific architectural feature of AdCC. Coexpression of cytokeratin and vimentin was found in the two cell lines, which occasionally also contained S-100 protein and lactoferrin or lysozyme immunoreactivity. Moreover, ACCS and ACCY displayed potential for the production of a large amount of extracellular matrix including basal lamina components such as fibronectin, laminin, and type IV collagen and glycosaminoglycans which are also part of the basal lamina. These findings suggest that the tumor cells, probably basal or myoepithelial like cells, are responsible for the formation of the peculiar stroma of AdCC consisting of a large amount of collagen-like fibers, basal lamina components, and mucopolysaccharides.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/patologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/análise , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/metabolismo , Carcinoma Adenoide Cístico/ultraestrutura , Colágeno/biossíntese , Feminino , Glicosaminoglicanos/biossíntese , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/análise , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/metabolismo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/ultraestrutura , Glândulas Salivares Menores , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/metabolismo , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/patologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/ultraestruturaRESUMO
The glycosaminoglycans (GAG) biosynthesized by a neoplastic human salivary duct cell line, HSGc, and by its nontumorigenic subclone, HSGc-E1, having a myoepithelial-like phenotype, were examined by incorporation of [3H]-acetate into GAG. The rate of GAG radiolabeling in HSGc-E1 was significantly greater than that in HSGc. The radiolabeled GAG recovered from HSGc-E1 showed a distribution of 22-32% in the cells and 68-78% secreted into the medium, while the amounts of GAG in the cells and medium of HSGc were equal. Two-dimensional electrophoresis of GAG extracted from the cells demonstrated that HSGc-E1 contained a much greater amount of heparan sulfate (HS, 53.5% of total), while HSGc synthesized hyaluronic acid (HA, 17.5%), HS 38.8%, chondroitin sulfate (Ch-S, 27.6%) and dermatan sulfate (DS, 16.1%). Moreover, treatment of HSGc with sodium butyrate or dibutyryl cyclic AMP (each is a potent inducer of differentiation to myoepithelial-like cells) strongly enhanced GAG synthesis, while dexamethasone (an inducer of differentiation to a more functional duct epithelium) did not stimulate GAG synthesis. These findings suggest that biosynthetic changes in the GAG content of neoplastic salivary cells are associated with their myoepithelial differentiation.
Assuntos
Glicosaminoglicanos/análise , Mioepitelioma/análise , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/análise , Células Clonais/análise , DNA de Neoplasias/biossíntese , Eletroforese em Gel Bidimensional , Glicosaminoglicanos/biossíntese , Humanos , Mioepitelioma/patologia , Fenótipo , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/análise , Células Tumorais Cultivadas/patologiaAssuntos
Artrite Reumatoide/cirurgia , Prótese Articular , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Falha de Prótese , Reoperação , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The present study demonstrates that normal human fibroblasts (WI-38) exert a profound influence on the growth and differentiation of HSGc-C5, a clonal neoplastic epithelial cell line of human salivary gland origin. Coculture of HSGc-C5 with WI-38 resulted in a slowing of growth and an increase in glycosaminoglycan synthesis by an indirect effect involving a diffusible factor(s). Conditioned medium (CM) from WI-38 grown in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum affected HSGc-C5 as follows. The CM suppressed growth of monolayer cells; inhibited DNA synthesis; suppressed growth (decrease in size of colonies) in semisolid agar; stimulated glycosaminoglycan synthesis, induced expression of functional markers of the salivary gland, such as the secretory component, lactoferrin, and lysozyme; inhibited expression of alkaline phosphatase; and induced morphological alteration into elongated cells. These findings strongly suggest that WI-38 CM contains a factor(s) which inhibits growth and induces differentiation of HSGc-C5. The CM was also active on other human cancer cells as a growth inhibitor, but not on normal human fibroblasts. Partial purification and characterization of the factor(s) suggests that it may be a novel protein carrying both tumor inhibiting and differentiation inducing activities.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Fibroblastos/fisiologia , Neoplasias das Glândulas Salivares/patologia , Diferenciação Celular , Divisão Celular , Meios de Cultura , DNA/biossíntese , Fibroblastos/análise , Glicosaminoglicanos/biossíntese , Inibidores do Crescimento/análise , Humanos , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The limitation of detectability and curability in terms of current techniques (screening and details) were sought in otherwise healthy examinees. Not a few cancers were present in the alimentary tract, except for the stomach, in these otherwise healthy examinees who voluntarily underwent gastric cancer mass screening. The prognosis of alimentary tract cancers deteriorates in the descending, following order: colon cancer, stomach cancer, and esophageal cancer. The survival rate of primary liver cancer, cholecyst cancer, and pancreas cancer is extremely low. Unless new techniques are developed in these diagnoses, no improvement in the survival rate can be anticipated.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Sistema Digestório/epidemiologia , Programas de Rastreamento , Neoplasias do Sistema Digestório/mortalidade , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Masculino , PrognósticoRESUMO
Panendoscopic examination, performed in 4,130 healthy males older than 50 years, detected 9 esophageal cancers (0.22%). Of these, 6 were classified as early esophageal cancer, and 3 of these 6 had intraepithelial cancers. In efforts to detect early esophageal cancers, especially at the intraepithelial cancer stage, panendoscopic examination seems to be highly useful.