RESUMO
Mining the antibody repertoire of plasma cells and plasmablasts could enable the discovery of useful antibodies for therapeutic or research purposes1. We present a method for high-throughput, single-cell screening of IgG-secreting primary cells to characterize antibody binding to soluble and membrane-bound antigens. CelliGO is a droplet microfluidics system that combines high-throughput screening for IgG activity, using fluorescence-based in-droplet single-cell bioassays2, with sequencing of paired antibody V genes, using in-droplet single-cell barcoded reverse transcription. We analyzed IgG repertoire diversity, clonal expansion and somatic hypermutation in cells from mice immunized with a vaccine target, a multifunctional enzyme or a membrane-bound cancer target. Immunization with these antigens yielded 100-1,000 IgG sequences per mouse. We generated 77 recombinant antibodies from the identified sequences and found that 93% recognized the soluble antigen and 14% the membrane antigen. The platform also allowed recovery of ~450-900 IgG sequences from ~2,200 IgG-secreting activated human memory B cells, activated ex vivo, demonstrating its versatility.
Assuntos
Anticorpos/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas/instrumentação , Análise de Célula Única , Animais , Antígenos/imunologia , Linfócitos B/imunologia , Vacinas Anticâncer/imunologia , DNA/análise , DNA/genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/instrumentação , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala/métodos , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/genética , Camundongos , Análise de Célula Única/instrumentação , Análise de Célula Única/métodosRESUMO
Modulation of chromatin structure via histone modification is a major epigenetic mechanism and regulator of gene expression. However, the contribution of chromatin features to tumor heterogeneity and evolution remains unknown. Here we describe a high-throughput droplet microfluidics platform to profile chromatin landscapes of thousands of cells at single-cell resolution. Using patient-derived xenograft models of acquired resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapy in breast cancer, we found that a subset of cells within untreated drug-sensitive tumors share a common chromatin signature with resistant cells, undetectable using bulk approaches. These cells, and cells from the resistant tumors, have lost chromatin marks-H3K27me3, which is associated with stable transcriptional repression-for genes known to promote resistance to treatment. This single-cell chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing approach paves the way to study the role of chromatin heterogeneity, not just in cancer but in other diseases and healthy systems, notably during cellular differentiation and development.
Assuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Imunoprecipitação da Cromatina , Cromatina/genética , Heterogeneidade Genética , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Análise de Célula Única , Cromatina/metabolismo , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Epigênese Genética , Feminino , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas , Análise de Célula Única/métodos , Células Estromais , Fluxo de TrabalhoRESUMO
The functions of Beclin-1 in macroautophagy, tumorigenesis and cytokinesis are thought to be mediated by its association with the PI3K-III complex. Here, we describe a new role for Beclin-1 in mitotic chromosome congression that is independent of the PI3K-III complex and its role in autophagy. Beclin-1 depletion in HeLa cells leads to a significant reduction of the outer kinetochore proteins CENP-E, CENP-F and ZW10, and, consequently, the cells present severe problems in chromosome congression. Beclin-1 associates with kinetochore microtubules and forms discrete foci near the kinetochores of attached chromosomes. We show that Beclin-1 interacts directly with Zwint-1-a component of the KMN (KNL-1/Mis12/Ndc80) complex-which is essential for kinetochore-microtubule interactions. This suggests that Beclin-1 acts downstream of the KMN complex to influence the recruitment of outer kinetochore proteins and promotes accurate kinetochore anchoring to the spindle during mitosis.