RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To gain a more complete understanding of cigarette smoking and cessation during pregnancy by examining the men's role in supporting smoking cessation of their pregnant partners. DATA SOURCES: A search of online data included CINAHL, Medline, and PsychLit databases. STUDY SELECTION: Studies published in the last 10 years, in English language, included three phenomena: pregnancy, male partners, and cigarette smoking. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were identified and organized according to theoretical, descriptive, and intervention methods of research. DATA SYNTHESIS: A growing body of literature indicates an interaction between pregnancy, male partners, and smoking behaviors. Explicating relationships between these phenomena is necessary for understanding and encouraging behaviors that promote maternal, child, and family health. CONCLUSIONS: Current research that includes the phenomena of pregnancy, male partners, and smoking behaviors highlights a need to further investigate the potential relationships, interactions, and health consequences of smoking behaviors of men and women during pregnancy.
Assuntos
Pai/psicologia , Identidade de Gênero , Pesquisa em Enfermagem/organização & administração , Complicações na Gravidez/prevenção & controle , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/psicologia , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Atitude Frente a Saúde , Pai/educação , Feminino , Comportamentos Relacionados com a Saúde , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Comportamento de Ajuda , Humanos , Masculino , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Projetos de Pesquisa , Fumar/psicologia , Apoio SocialRESUMO
Development of the New Zealand nursing workforce has been shaped by social, political, scientific and interprofessional forces. The unregulated, independent and often untrained nurses of the early colonial period were succeeded in the early 1900s by registered nurses, with hospital-based training, working in a subordinate role to medical practitioners. In the mid/late 1900s, greater specialisation within an expanding workforce, restructuring of nursing education, health sector reform, and changing social and political expectations again reshaped nursing practice. Nursing now has areas of increasing autonomy, expanding opportunities for postgraduate education and leadership roles, and a relationship with medicine, which is more collaborative than in the past. Three current challenges are identified for nursing in New Zealand's rapidly evolving health sector; development of a nursing-focused knowledge culture, strengthening of research capacity, and dissemination of new nursing knowledge.