Role of Machine Learning (ML)-Based Classification Using Conventional 18F-FDG PET Parameters in Predicting Postsurgical Features of Endometrial Cancer Aggressiveness.

PURPOSE: to investigate the preoperative role of ML-based classification using conventional 18F-FDG PET parameters and clinical data in predicting features of EC aggressiveness. METHODS: retrospective study, including 123 EC patients who underwent 18F-FDG PET (2009-2021) for preoperative staging. Maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), SUVmean, metabolic tumour volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) were computed on the primary tumour. Age and BMI were collected. Histotype, myometrial invasion (MI), risk group, lymph-nodal involvement (LN), and p53 expression were retrieved from histology. The population was split into a train and a validation set (80-20%). The train set was used to select relevant parameters (Mann-Whitney U test; ROC analysis) and implement ML models, while the validation set was used to test prediction abilities. RESULTS: on the validation set, the best accuracies obtained with individual parameters and ML were: 61% (TLG) and 87% (ML) for MI; 71% (SUVmax) and 79% (ML) for risk groups; 72% (TLG) and 83% (ML) for LN; 45% (SUVmax; SUVmean) and 73% (ML) for p53 expression. CONCLUSIONS: ML-based classification using conventional 18F-FDG PET parameters and clinical data demonstrated ability to characterize the investigated features of EC aggressiveness, providing a non-invasive way to support preoperative stratification of EC patients.

Case report: EML4::NTRK3 gene fusion in a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma successfully treated with entrectinib.

Rearrangements involving the neurotrophin kinase (NTRK) genes NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 with different fusion partners have been observed in both adult and pediatric solid tumors. Larotrectinib and entrectinib have been the first tumor-agnostic compounds approved for the treatment of NTRK fusion-positive tumors. Here, we report the first case of a female patient with a diagnosis of stage IV lung adenocarcinoma harboring the EML4::NTRK3 gene fusion, and successfully treated with entrectinib.

Prognostic role of positron emission tomography and computed tomography parameters in stage I lung adenocarcinoma.

Background According to the current pathological classification, lung adenocarcinoma includes histological subtypes with significantly different prognoses, which may require specific surgical approaches. The aim of the study was to assess the role of CT and PET parameters in stratifying patients with stage I adenocarcinoma according to prognosis. Patients and methods Fifty-eight patients with pathological stage I lung adenocarcinoma who underwent surgical treatment were retrospectively reviewed. Adenocarcinoma in situ and minimally-invasive adenocarcinoma were grouped as non-invasive adenocarcinoma. Other histotypes were referred as invasive adenocarcinoma. CT scan assessed parameters were: ground glass opacity (GGO) ratio, tumour disappearance rate (TDR) and consolidation diameter. The prognostic role of the following PET parameters was also assessed: standardized uptake value (SUV) max, SUVindex (SUVmax to liver SUVratio), metabolic tumour volume (MTV), total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Results Seven patients had a non-invasive adenocarcinoma and 51 an invasive adenocarcinoma. Five-year disease-free survival (DFS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) for non-invasive and invasive adenocarcinoma were 100% and 100%, 70% and 91%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed a significant difference in SUVmax, SUVindex, GGO ratio and TDR ratio values between non-invasive and invasive adenocarcinoma groups. Optimal SUVmax, SUVindex, GGO ratio and TDR cut-off ratios to predict invasive tumours were 2.6, 0.9, 40% and 56%, respectively. TLG, SUVmax, SUVindex significantly correlated with cancer specific survival. Conclusions CT and PET scan parameters may differentiate between non-invasive and invasive stage I adenocarcinomas. If these data are confirmed in larger series, surgical strategy may be selected on the basis of preoperative imaging.

11C-choline PET/CT predicts survival in prostate cancer patients with PSA < 1 NG/ml.

PURPOSE: The main drawback of 11C-choline PET/CT for restaging prostate cancer (PCa) patients with biochemical failure is the relatively low positive detection rate for prostate specific antigen (PSA) < 1 ng/ml. This study assessed whether 11C-choline PET/CT predicts survival in PCa patients with PSA < 1 ng/ml. METHODS: This retrospective study included 210 PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy who underwent 11C-choline PET/CT from December 1, 2004 to July 31, 2007 due to biochemical failure. PCa-specific survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier curves. Cox regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between clinicopathologic variables and PCa-specific survival. PCa-specific survival was computed as the interval from radical prostatectomy to PCa-specific death. RESULTS: Median follow-up after radical prostatectomy was 6.9 years (95% confidence interval, CI, 2.0-14.5 years). 11C-choline PET/CT was positive in 20.5% of patients. Median PCa-specific survival was 13.4 years (95% CI, 9.9-16.8 years) in patients with positive 11C-choline PET/CT, and it was not achieved in patients with negative 11C-choline PET/CT (log-rank, chi-square = 15.0, P < 0.001). Ten-year survival probabilities for patients with negative 11C-choline PET/CT and for patients with positive 11C-choline PET/CT were 86.0% (95% CI: 80.7%-91.3%) and 63.6% (95% CI: 54.5-72.7%). At multivariate analysis, only 11C-choline PET/CT significantly predicted PCa-specific survival (hazard ratio = 2.54, 95% CI, 1.05-6.13, P = 0.038). Patients with pathological 11C-choline uptake in the prostatic bed or in pelvic lymph nodes had longer PCa-specific survival in comparison to patients with pathological tracer uptake in the skeleton (log-rank: chi-square = 27.4, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Despite the relatively low positive detection rate for PSA < 1 ng/ml, positive 11C-choline PET/CT predicts PCa-specific survival in this low PSA range. As long as more sensitive radiotracers, such as 68Ga-PSMA-11, do not become more widely available, these results might support a broader use of radiolabeled choline in restaging PCa for PSA < 1 ng/ml.