Comparación de la conducta alimentaria en niños de diferentes establecimientos educacionales y estado nutricional / Comparison of food behavior among school children by educational establishment and nutritional status

RESUMEN La conducta alimentaria en escolares está dada por grandes cambios, en este periodo adquieren mayor relevancia los hábitos alimentarios que determinarán su alimentación futura. Objetivo: Comparar la conducta alimentaria en escolares de diferentes establecimientos educacionales según estado nutricional. Métodos: Estudio observacional transversal, se aplicó cuestionario de comportamiento de alimentación infantil a 270 madres/tutores de niños entre 6 a 8 años de colegios públicos, subvencionados y privados de Viña del Mar, Chile. Resultados: El 49,6% de los niños presentó mal- nutrición por exceso. Los niños con obesidad presentaron respuestas positivas a la ingesta alimentaria en situaciones de molestia, preocupación y enojo, no fueron exigentes al momento de introducir nuevos sabores y fueron rápidos para comer (p<0,05). Al diferenciar por establecimiento, sólo el colegio particular presenta diferencias entre los niños con distinto estado nutricional, tanto en dimensiones de sobre ingesta como de antiingesta (p <0,05). Conclusiones: Los escolares de 6 a 8 años no presentaron diferencias significativas en su conducta alimentaria, niños con obesidad se asociaron positivamente a conducta de proingesta. Los niños del colegio público mantuvieron la misma conducta alimentaria, independiente de su estado nutricional, evidenciando mayor riesgo a presentar malnutrición por exceso a futuro, a diferencia del colegio particular.

ABSTRACT Eating behavior in schoolchildren is marked by great changes. In this period, eating habits acquire greater relevance as they will determine future behaviors. Objective: To compare feeding behaviors among schoolchildren by school type and nutritional status. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study in which a child eating behavior questionnaire was applied to 270 mothers / guardians of children between 6 and 8 years from public, subsidized and private schools in Viña del Mar, Chile was conducted. Results: Nearly half (49.6%) of children had malnutrition due to excess. Children with obesity had positive responses to food intake in situations of discomfort, worry and anger, were not demanding when introduced to new flavors and were quick to eat (p <0.05). When comparing by establishment, differences between children by nutritional status were observed only in those attending private schools, in terms of excess-intake and anti-eating (p <0.05). Conclusions: Children from 6 to 8 years old did not present significant differences in their eating behavior, children with obesity reported pro-eating behavior. Children attending public schools maintained the same eating behavior, independent of their nutritional status, showing a higher risk of malnutrition due to excess in the future, unlike those attending private school.

Evaluación de un ingrediente funcional para el control glicémico en humanos / Evaluation of a functional ingredient for glycemic control in human

The prevalence of non-transmissible chronic diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia and type 2 diabetes, among others, have increased worldwide. One way to prevent and/or control them is through bioactive food compounds that can be incorporated as functional ingredients (IF). The IF isa compound IF: apple pomace, opuntia palette, tomato pomace and rice bran. Objective: Assess the functional ingredient (IF) for glycemic control in humans. Subjects and Methods: 48 Subjects, both sexes, aged between 40 and 60. Divided into three groups: non-obese (NO), obese (OB) and diabetic (DM) with 16 subjects per group. Subjects consumed 600 g daily of nonfat yogurt with artificial sweetener. 50 percent of the subjects in each group received yogurt with IF and 50 percent without IF for 44 days. Metabolic control of capillary blood glucose was performed weekly, of nutrition every week, as well as basal metabolic control, 22 and 44 with: fasting blood glucose, lipid profile, tolerance test to glucose with 2 point sampling and calculation of HOMA-IR. All analyses were performed at the Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INTA), University of Chile. The statistical analysis included measures of central tendency and dispersion. They compared the effect of the intervention vs control using the Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples and the Chi2 test for categorical variables. Results:15 subjects from the DM group, 16 from OB and 10 from NO completed the experiment. Significant differences were found between the intervention group and the placebo in the obese group, in the weight variation of the basal-22 days, 22-44 and basal-44 days with p = 0.007, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001respectively, and significant differences in the NO group between the placebo and intervention groups in the variation basal-22 days for HOMA-IR (p = 0.010) and 44 -22 days for LDL (p = 0.045). Conclusion: In this study no significant differences were found for subjects stratified into...

Safety, efficacy and biological predictors of response to sequential azacitidine and lenalidomide for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease of the elderly. Poor outcomes with standard therapies necessitate novel approaches. Outpatient regimens sufficiently potent and well tolerated to induce remissions and enable continuation therapy may be beneficial. In this phase-1 study, we determined the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and the efficacy for sequential azacitidine and lenalidomide as remission induction and continuation therapy in elderly, previously untreated patients. We investigated the impact on global DNA methylation and bone marrow cytokines, and sought biological predictors of response. Eighteen patients were enrolled. The MTD was not reached. Median follow-up was 8.2 months (10.3 months for survivors). Common adverse events included fatigue, injection site reactions, constipation, nausea, pruritus and febrile neutropenia. Ten patients responded (56%), and the rate of complete remissions (CRs) or CRs with incomplete recovery of blood counts for evaluable patients was 44% (7/16). The median response duration was 6.2 months. DNA demethylation and changes in bone marrow cytokines were observed; responders had a unique cytokine profile and a trend towards lower methylation levels. Sequential azacitidine and lenalidomide was well tolerated with encouraging clinical and biological activity in previously untreated elderly AML patients. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT00890929).

Conventional and extended-release etodolac for postsurgical dental pain.

This double-masked, parallel-group, randomized study compared the analgesic efficacy and tolerability of a single investigational 1200-mg dose of extended-release etodolac with those of a single 400-mg dose of extended-release etodolac and twice-daily doses of conventional etodolac 200 and 400 mg and placebo given 8 hours apart in 237 patients with moderate or severe postoperative pain following surgical removal of > or = 2 impacted third molars. Both doses of conventional etodolac and the 1200-mg dose of extended-release etodolac were significantly more effective on all summary analgesic measures than placebo (P < 0.05). Conventional etodolac had an onset of analgesic activity within 45 (400 mg) to 60 (200 mg) minutes and an analgesic duration of 5 to 6 hours. Extended-release etodolac 1200 mg had an onset of action within 60 minutes and an analgesic duration of 12 to 24 hours. At hours 2 and 3, conventional etodolac 400 mg was significantly more effective than the other treatments; from hours 6 through 12, extended-release etodolac 1200 mg was significantly more effective than the other treatments (both, P < 0.05). No serious adverse events were observed in this study, with an incidence of side effects in the active etodolac groups no different than that with placebo. Extended-release etodolac 1200 mg has a prolonged analgesic duration and an acceptable side-effect profile in the oral surgery pain model.

Concentración inhibitoria mínima de doce ß-lactámicos por el método de e-test en patógenos nosocomiales / Inhibitory concentration minimal of twelve ß-lactam for the e-test method in nosocomial pathogen

El e-test es un método para pruebas de susceptibilidad y resistencia a los antimicrobianos que retiene los principios de las pruebas de dilución en agar y difusión del disco, permitiendo con una metodología sencilla, obtener resultados cuantitativos (concentración inhibitoria mínima, CIM) mediante el uso de una tira delgada de material impermeable de cada antibiótico. Empleando esta técnica, se determinó la CIM de doce ß-lactámicos: cefaclor (CF), cefuroxima (XM), cefotaxima (CT), ceftazidima (TZ), ceftriaxona (TX), cefepime (PM), imipenem (IP), piperacilina (PP) u oxacilina (OX), amoxicilina/ácido (XL), ampicilina/sulbactam (AB); cefoperazona/sulbactam (CPS) y piperacilina/tazobactam (PTC), a cien (100) cepas bacterianas, distribuidas de la siguiente manera: Acinetobacter sp. 14; Enterobacter sp. 10; E. coli 10; K. pneumoniae 15; Proteus sp. 10; Ps. aeruginosa 12; S. marcescens 3; S. aureus 13 y S. epidermidis 10. Dichas cepas fueron obtenidas secuencialmente de pacientes ingresados en el Hospital Coromoto de Maracaibo entre enero y marzo de 1997. Se encontraron los siguientes valores de resistencia para cada microorganismo: Acinetobacter sp. CF (64 por ciento), XM (58 por ciento). CT, IP, PP y AB (29 por ciento) para cada uno, XL (86 por ciento) y CPS (7 por ciento). Enterobacter sp. CF (50 por ciento), XM (40 por ciento), TZ, TX y PTC (10 por ciento), respectivamente, XL y AB (80 por ciento) cada uno. E. coli, CF, XL y AB (8 por ciento) para cada antibiótico, PP (15 por ciento) y XM (38 por ciento). K. pneumoniae, CF, XM, TZ, TX y PTC (20 por ciento) en cada caso, CT (13 por ciento), PP, XL, y AB (27 por ciento), respectivamente. Proteus sp. AB (20 por ciento), CF, XM y XL (80 por ciento) para cada ß-lactámico. Ps. aeruginosa CF (25 por ciento), TX (92 por ciento), CF, XM, XL y AB (100 por ciento) cada uno. S. marcescens CF, XL, XM y AB (100 por ciento) para cada antibiótico y para S. epidermidis TZ y TX (10 por ciento). Se observó una alta resistencia a las cefalosporinas de segunda y tercera generación. Cefepime, Imipenem, cefoperazona/sulbactam y piperacilina/tazobactam mostraron los más altos porcentajes de sensibilidad. Se detectó la producción de ß-lactamasas de espectro extendido en 28 (28 por ciento) de las cepas de E. coli y K. pneumoniae estudiadas

Mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum y mycoplasma fermentans: su relación con patologías del tracto genital humano / Mycoplasma hominis, ureaplasma urealyticum and mycoplasma fermentans: their causal relationship with genital tract human diseases

Los micoplasmas genitales han sido implicados en numerosos cuadros clínicos, como: Uretritis, Enfermedad Inflamatoria Pélvica, Cervitis, Vaginitis, Vaginosis Bacteriana, Prostatitis e infertilidad. No obstante, debido a que pueden formar parte de la flora normal del tracto genital humano, el rol patógeno de estos microorganismos es todavía controversial. Con el propósito de determinar si existe o no relación entre la presencia de micoplasmas genitales y las patologías ya mencionadas, se procesaron 93 muestras de origen uro-genital, provenientes de pacientes sospechosos de infección, que acudieron al Servicio de Microbiología de la Policlínica San Luis de Maracaibo entre marzo y diciembre de 1994. Las muestras fueron resuspendidas en Caldo Urea-Arginina y luego, inoculadas en el Agar Micoplasma, en forma de gotas no confluentes. Los medios fueron incubados a 37ºC por 48 horas en atmósfera microaerofílica. La identificación de especies se orientó por el cambio de color del indicador en el caldo y se confirmó por la morfología de las colonias en el agar. Se obtuvo una proporción de 39.92 por ciento para M.hominis en mujeres y, del 4.30 por ciento y 21.54 por ciento para U.urealyticum en el sexo masculino y femenino, respectivamente. No hubo aislamientos de M.fermentans. No se encontró asociación estadísticamente significativa entre las variables estudiadas

The analgesic efficacy of suprofen in periodontal and oral surgical pain.

Suprofen is a new, orally effective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory analgesic of the propionic acid chemical class. Three separate single-dose studies were performed to evaluate the efficacy of suprofen in acute pain associated with periodontal surgery and removal of impacted third molars. Study medications were: A--suprofen 200 mg, codeine 60 mg, propoxyphene HCl 65 mg, and placebo; B--suprofen 400 mg and 200 mg, aspirin 650 mg, and placebo; C--suprofen 400 mg and 200 mg, aspirin 650 mg with codeine 60 mg, aspirin 650 mg alone, and placebo. Analgesic and side effect data were collected over a 6-hour period after patients medicated for moderate to severe pain. All studies were randomized, double-blinded, and parallel-group in design. Suprofen was significantly more effective than codeine 60 mg, propoxyphene HCl 65 mg, and aspirin 650 mg. Suprofen 400 mg appeared to be clinically more effective than the aspirin-codeine combination and the difference was statistically significant for most of the analgesic variables. Of the 224 patients who received suprofen in the 3 studies, 16 reported drowsiness and 1 reported constipation.

Utilidad del antigeno carcinoembrionario (ACE) antes y despues del tratamiento en pacientes con cancer colorrectal. / Usefulness of carcinoembrionic antigen (ACE) before and after the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer

Se hace un analisis retrospectivo de 105 expedientes de pacientes con cancer colorrectal. El proposito fue valorar la utilidad del antigeno carcinoembrionario antes y despues de los tratamientos para el descubrimiento oportuno de la recurrencia tumoral. Los enfermos con adenocarcinoma Dukes A, mostraron niveles preoperatorios e ACE negativos o ligeramente aumentados, lo contrario ocurrio en los casos avanzados, o en aquellos canceres que se consideraron irresecables quirurgicamente. En nuestro estudio el tiempo de "normalizacion" del ACE despues del tratamiento quirurgico se relaciono en forma directa con la extension del proceso maligno; en los casos con Dukes B y C el ACE se normalizo mas tardiamente que en los del estudio A.La elevacion del ACE es un patron util para descubrir en forma oportuna la recurrencia tumoral como sucedio en seis de nuestros enfermos