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Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a group of diseases characterized by refractory and chronic inflammation of the bowel, which can be treated with biologics in clinical practice. Anti-tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) agents, which are among the most widely used biologics, alleviate the inflammatory activity in a variety of ways. Helicobacter pylori is a Gram-negative bacterium that colonizes the gastric mucosa, which could cause chronic inflammation and even induce gastric cancer. However, it has been suggested that H. pylori has a potential protective role in IBD patients. Yet there has been limited research on the mechanisms of the effect of H. pylori infection in IBD patients, and whether there is an interaction between H. pylori and anti-TNF-α agents. This review aims to summarize the possible mechanisms of H. pylori and anti-TNF-α agents in the development and treatment of IBD, and to explore the possible interaction between H. pylori infection and anti-TNF-α agents.
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Past studies have shown that the Gelsolin-like actin-capping protein (CAPG) regulates cell migration and proliferation and is strongly associated with tumor progression. We present the first study of the mechanism of action of CAPG in early gastric cancer (EGC). We demonstrate that CAPG expression is upregulated in gastric cancer (GC) especially EGC. CAPG promotes GC proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis in vivo and in vitro. More importantly, CAPG plays a role in GC by involving the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Our findings suggest that CAPG may function as a novel biomarker for EGC.
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BACKGROUND: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder, and female patients may develop gynecologic tumours. The prognosis for such patients is poor and the specific pathogenesis remains uncertain. Therefore, there are currently no uniform treatment options. CASE SUMMARY: Herein, we introduce the case of a 45-year-old female who was diagnosed with PJS for 45 years and cervical cancer for 3 years. Postoperative pathological examination showed metastases in the right external iliac lymph nodes. The patient was initially treated with a combination of doxorubicin and carboplatin chemotherapy and pelvic magnetic resonance showed that the metastases had grown. Subsequently, we performed whole exome sequencing in this patient and identified the relevant causative gene. In addition to the chemotherapy regimen, sindilizumab was administered and the patient was followed up. After 4 cycles of treatment, the metastases were substantially reduced and were not enlarged after six months of follow-up. This case report suggests that patients with PJS combined with cervical cancer may have a sustained response to immune-combination chemotherapy regimens. CONCLUSION: Clinicians should be aware of the importance of immunotherapy in patients with PJS combined with advanced cervical cancer.
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BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori infection is strongly associated with gastric cancer. However, there is currently no consensus on the association between H. pylori and gastric cancer prognosis. METHODS: A systematic search was conducted on studies in PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science up to March 10, 2022. The quality of all included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The hazard ratio (HR) and its 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted to analyze the association between H. pylori infection and prognosis of gastric cancer. In addition, subgroup analysis and publication bias were performed. RESULTS: A total of 21 studies were involved. The pooled HR was 0.67 (95% CI, 0.56-0.79) for overall survival (OS) in H. pylori-positive patients, with the control (HR = 1) being the H. pylori-negative group. In the subgroup analysis, the pooled HR was 0.38 (95% CI, 0.24-0.59) for OS in H. pylori-positive patients who received surgery combined with chemotherapy. The pooled HR for disease-free survival was 0.74 (95% CI, 0.63-0.8) and 0.41 (95% CI, 0.26-0.65) in patients who received surgery combined with chemotherapy. CONCLUSION: H. pylori-positive gastric cancer patients have a better overall prognosis than H. pylori-negative patients. H. pylori infection has improved the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery or chemotherapy, among which the improvement was most obvious in patients undergoing surgery combined with chemotherapy.