Total nephrectomy with nephron-sparing surgery for a giant bilateral renal angiomyolipoma: A case report.

The current report presents the case of a 50-year-old female who presented with a giant bilateral renal angiomyolipoma (AML). After assessing the patient's symptoms, the tumor size and renal function, the patient underwent a total nephrectomy for the right AML, which measured 28×20×14 cm and nephron-sparing surgery was performed without preoperative selective angiographic embolization for a further 3 AMLs in the left kidney, the largest of which had a diameter of 12 cm. The introperative bleeding volume was at an acceptable level and the renal function was stable. No local recurrence was observed and no dialysis was required during follow-up. The strategy of the treatment in this report should be considered when treating similar tumors.

In vitro study on shRNA-mediated reduction of testis developmental related gene 1 expression and its effects on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of NTERA-2 cells.

Testis developmental related gene 1 (TDRG1) is a novel human testis-specific gene. TDRG1 is differentially expressed in cancerous tissue compared with normal testicular tissue and demonstrates a unique expression pattern in normal testes; therefore, this gene may be involved in the occurrence and development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). In the present study, the expression level of TDRG1 was downregulated in human TGCT NTERA-2 cells by RNA interference (RNAi) in order to investigate the association between TDRG1 and TGCT. The TDRG1 mRNA and protein expression levels in NTERA-2 cells were significantly inhibited following transfection with specific RNAi plasmids. The ability to proliferate (inhibited by 15.4% at day 3 and 26.1% at day 5; P<0.001) and invade (reduced by 49.1%; P=0.01) in vitro was suppressed in cells in which the expression level of TDRG1 was reduced, and a corresponding increase in the apoptotic potential was observed (the early apoptotic potential and total apoptotic potential were increased by 75%; P=0.019 and 54.8%; P=0.009, respectively). The results of the present study indicated that the biological behavior of NTERA-2 cells is associated with TDRG1 expression levels, and that this gene may be a novel target candidate in the treatment of TGCT.

An invasive mole with bilateral kidney metastases: A case report.

Clinical reports of kidney metastases derived from an invasive mole (IM) are rare. The present study presents the case of a 42-year-old woman who exhibited IM and bilateral kidneys metastases in what may be, to the best of our knowledge, the first report of such a case. Following an induced abortion, the patient initially experienced irregular vaginal bleeding and subsequently presented with left-sided waist and abdominal pain. The patient was admitted to hospital and was clinically diagnosed with gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN), as well as bilateral kidney metastases and a spontaneous rupture of the left kidney. This diagnosis was based on the patient's medical history, which comprised increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin ß and aberrant results on computed tomography (CT) scans. The patient subsequently received conservative management to prevent renal damage, and a standard etoposide, methotrexate, actinomycin D, cyclophosphamide and vincristine chemotherapy regimen for GTN was administered. Following eight cycles of chemotherapy, a follow-up CT examination indicated that the damage in the patient's left kidney could not be corrected with conservative treatments, therefore the left kidney was excised and a laparoscopic hysterectomy was performed. The pathological results were consistent with the clinical diagnosis and allowed further classification of the primary tumor as an IM. The present case demonstrated that it is possible for IM to metastasize to the kidney, and furthermore, that this type of metastatic tumor may be fragile and possess the potential to cause spontaneous kidney rupture.