Chlorin-e6 conjugated to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 loaded nanoemulsion enhances photodynamic therapy against multi-species biofilms related to periodontitis.

In our previous studies, Chlorin-e6 (Ce6) demonstrated a significant reduction of microorganisms' viability against multi-species biofilm related to periodontitis while irradiated with blue light. However, the conjugation of Ce6 and antimicrobial peptides, and the incorporation of this photosensitizer in a nanocarrier, is still poorly explored. We hypothesized that chlorin-e6 conjugated to the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 loaded nanoemulsion could inhibit a multi-species biofilm related to periodontitis during photodynamic therapy (PDT), the pre-treatment with hydrogen peroxide was also tested. The nanoemulsion (NE) incorporated with Ce6 was characterized regarding the physiochemical parameters. Images were obtained by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Later, the Ce6 and LL-37 incorporated in NE was submitted to UV-Vis analysis and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) assay. Finally, the combined formulation (Ce6+LL-37 in nanoemulsion) was tested against multi-species biofilm related to periodontitis. The formed nanoformulation was kinetically stable, optically transparent with a relatively small droplet diameter (134.2 unloaded and 146.9 loaded), and weak light scattering. The NE system did not impact the standard UV-VIS spectra of Ce6, and the ROS production was improved while Ce6 was incorporated in the NE. The combination of Ce6 and LL-37 in NE was effective to reduce the viability of all bacteria tested. The treatment with hydrogen peroxide previous to PDT significantly impacted bacterial viability. The current aPDT regimen was the best already tested against periodontal biofilm by our research team. Our results suggest that this combined protocol must be exploited for clinical applications in localized infections such as periodontal disease. - Nanoemulsion demonstrated to be an excellent nanocarrier for photodynamic application. - Chlorin-e6 incorporated in nanoemulsion showed great physicochemical and biophotonic parameters. - The combination of chlorin-e6 and LL-37 peptide in nanoemulsion is effective to eliminate periodontal pathogenic bacteria. - The treatment with hydrogen peroxide previous to PDT significantly impacted bacterial viability.

Nueva Clasificación sobre las Enfermedades y Condiciones Periodontalesy Peri-implantares: Una Breve Reseña / Nova Classificação da Condições e Doenças Periodontais e Peri-implantares: Uma Breve Revisão / New Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions: A Brief Review

En junio de 2018 se propuso una nueva clasificación de enfermedades y condiciones periodontales y peri-im-plantares, en una reunión realizada conjuntamente por la Academia Americana de Periodoncia y la Federación Europea de Periodoncia, con el objetivo de actualizar la clasificación de 1999 en uso durante los últimos 19 años. El objetivo del artículo es introducir esta nueva clasificación para que tanto clínicos e investigadores pue-dan aplicarla. La nueva clasificación incorporará nuevos conceptos a medida que se reporten nuevos resultados sobre estudios que sean realizados en el futuro.

A new classification of periodontal and peri-implant diseases and conditions was proposed in June 2018, in a meeting jointly held by the American Academy of Periodontology and European Federation of Periodontology, with the aim to update the 1999 classification in use for 19 years. The article aimed at introducing the most re-cent periodontal and peri-implant classification to clinicians and scientific investigators. The new classification has an in-built plan for periodic revisions while upcoming studies are carried out.

Uma nova classificação das condições e doenças periodontais e peri-implantares foi proposta em junho de 2018, em um encontro que reuniu a Academia Americana de Periodontia e a Federação Europeia de Periodontia, que teve como objetivo atualizar a classificação de 1999, amplamente utilizada nos últimos 19 anos. Este artigo tem como objetivo introduzir a mais nova classificação periodontal e peri-implantar aos clínicos e pesquisadores. A nova classificação possui um planejamento para revisões periódicas a medida que novos estudos são realizados.