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1.
Front Neurol ; 14: 1102353, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36908609

RESUMO

Optic neuritis (ON) often occurs at the presentation of multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). The recommended treatment of high-dose corticosteroids for ON is based on a North American study population, which did not address treatment timing or antibody serostatus. The Acute Optic Neuritis Network (ACON) presents a global, prospective, observational study protocol primarily designed to investigate the effect of time to high-dose corticosteroid treatment on 6-month visual outcomes in ON. Patients presenting within 30 days of the inaugural ON will be enrolled. For the primary analysis, patients will subsequently be assigned into the MS-ON group, the aquapotin-4-IgG positive ON (AQP4-IgG+ON) group or the MOG-IgG positive ON (MOG-IgG+ON) group and then further sub-stratified according to the number of days from the onset of visual loss to high-dose corticosteroids (days-to-Rx). The primary outcome measure will be high-contrast best-corrected visual acuity (HC-BCVA) at 6 months. In addition, multimodal data will be collected in subjects with any ON (CIS-ON, MS-ON, AQP4-IgG+ON or MOG-IgG+ON, and seronegative non-MS-ON), excluding infectious and granulomatous ON. Secondary outcomes include low-contrast best-corrected visual acuity (LC-BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements, serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers (AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG levels, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary protein), and patient reported outcome measures (headache, visual function in daily routine, depression, and quality of life questionnaires) at presentation at 6-month and 12-month follow-up visits. Data will be collected from 28 academic hospitals from Africa, Asia, the Middle East, Europe, North America, South America, and Australia. Planned recruitment consists of 100 MS-ON, 50 AQP4-IgG+ON, and 50 MOG-IgG+ON. This prospective, multimodal data collection will assess the potential value of early high-dose corticosteroid treatment, investigate the interrelations between functional impairments and structural changes, and evaluate the diagnostic yield of laboratory biomarkers. This analysis has the ability to substantially improve treatment strategies and the accuracy of diagnostic stratification in acute demyelinating ON. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT05605951.

2.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 27(supl.2): 125-139, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341347

RESUMO

RESUMEN El síndrome de Sjögren primario (SSp) es una enfermedad autoinmune que afecta principalmente al tejido glandular. A pesar de ello, puede involucrar otros sistemas, siendo el compromiso neuropsiquiátrico una manifestación extraglandular común. Su presentación clínica varía ampliamente según el dominio que se encuentre afectado, y por tanto puede dividirse en tres grandes categorías: sistema nervioso central, sistema nervioso periférico y psiquiátrico. Algunas de estas complicaciones comparten mecanismos fisiopatológicos comunes, entre los principales la vasculitis/vasculopatía, la infiltración linfocítica y la presencia de anticuerpos antineuronales. La diversidad en la presentación clínica de esta entidad impide hacer una aproximación diagnóstica común, por lo cual la utilización de estudios específicos depende de un adecuado reconocimiento y de la localización por parte del clínico. El tratamiento debe dirigirse al mecanismo fisiopatológico implicado y, de acuerdo con el tipo de manifestación, puede incluso estar limitado al manejo sintomático.


ABSTRACT Primary Sjögren's syndrome is an autoimmune disease that mainly involves glandular tissue. Despite this, it can potentially develop systemic involvement, within which neuropsychiatric manifestations are common. The clinical presentation may vary widely depending on the domain affected, and may thus be classified into three categories: central nervous system, peripheral nervous system, and psychiatric. Some of these complications share a common pathophysiology, amongst which are vasculitis/ vasculopathy, lymphocytic infiltration and positive antineuronal antibodies. The wide clinical presentation makes it difficult to establish a common diagnostic approach, making it essential for the clinician to recognise and localise the type of compromise, so that diagnostic tools can be more advantageously employed. Treatment must be directed towards the underlying pathophysiology, and depending on the type of compromise, it can even be limited solely to the management of symptoms.


Assuntos
Humanos , Síndrome de Sjogren , Neuropsiquiatria , Qualidade de Vida , Doenças Autoimunes , Terapêutica , Diagnóstico , Neurologia
3.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 27(supl.2): 158-165, oct.-dic. 2020. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341350

RESUMO

RESUMEN El síndrome de Sjögren es una entidad multisistémica de naturaleza autoinmune, clásicamente considerada una exocrinopatía debido a la alta frecuencia de síntomas secos (queratoconjuntivitis seca, xerostomía) como resultado de infiltración poliglandular por linfocitos autorreactivos. Sin embargo, menos del 10% de estos pacientes puede iniciar con manifestaciones extraglandulares severas, traducidas en peores desenlaces a largo plazo. Se presenta el caso de una gestante que inició con síndrome de debilidad aguda proximal relacionada con miositis con enfermedad mitocondrial e hipopotasemia severa, en el contexto de acidosis tubular renal distal, como manifestación extraglandular de síndrome de Sjögren primario. Se discuten brevemente manifestaciones neurológicas de esta entidad, incluyendo aquellas secundarias a trastornos metabólicos precipitados por compromiso autoinmune.


ABSTRACT Sjögren's syndrome is a multisystemic autoimmune disorder. It is classically considered as an exocrine disease, given the high frequency of dry symptoms (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, xerostomia) as a result of poly-glandular infiltration by autoreactive lymphocytes. However, less than 10% of these patients can onset with severe extra-glandular manifestations, resulting in worse long-term outcomes. The case of a pregnant woman is presented, who debuted with acute proximal weakness syndrome related to myositis with mitochondrial pathology and severe hypokalaemia in the context of distal renal tubular acidosis, as an extra-glandular manifestation of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Neurological manifestations of this condition are briefly discussed, including those secondary to metabolic disorders precipitated by autoimmune compromise.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Síndrome de Sjogren , Polimiosite , Neuropatia Axonal Gigante , Biópsia , Paralisia Periódica Hipopotassêmica , Diagnóstico
4.
Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) ; 16(6): 502-505, 2020.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30522945

RESUMO

The relevance of polyautoimmunity, defined as the presence of 2or more autoimmune diseases in the same individual, is one of the issues not yet elucidated in medical practice. The coexistence of myasthenia gravis (MG) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a clinical challenge due to the possible differential diagnoses of muscle involvement in patients with SLE. We present the case of a patient who came to the emergency room of Hospital Universitario San Ignacio in Bogotá, Colombia, with a previous diagnosis of SLE, who developed acute weakness in the context of a systemic infection, with a clinical and electrophysiological diagnosis of MG.


Assuntos
Autoimunidade , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/complicações , Miastenia Gravis/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Lúpus Eritematoso Sistêmico/imunologia , Miastenia Gravis/imunologia , Adulto Jovem
5.
Medicina (Bogotá) ; 40(1(120)): 143-144, Ene-Mar, 2018.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-910253

RESUMO

Introducción: La vasculitis ANCA-positiva es una patología que se caracteriza por daño en vasos de pequeño calibre secundario a auto-anticuerpos. El compromiso del sistema nervioso central es poco común, con complicaciones serias y de difícil diagnóstico. Por eso presenta-mos 3 casos de pacientes con paquimeningitis hipertrófica como manifestación neurológica de vasculitis ANCA-positiva, estudiados en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio de Bogotá. Casos:Se tratan de dos hombres y una mujer. El hombre del primer caso presentó clínica progresiva de 1 año de evolución de dolor ocular, alteración de la agudeza visual, limitación para los movimientos oculares y disartria (Imagen 1).


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anticitoplasma de Neutrófilos , Meningite , Vasculite
6.
Acta neurol. colomb ; 32(4): 337-346, oct.-dic. 2016. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-949599

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad de Alzheimer (EA), una condición neurodegenerativa irreversible y progresiva, es la causa más frecuente de demencia y genera una gran carga económica anual. El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar una revisión sistemática de la literatura para determinar la seguridad y eficacia de rivastigmina parche, sola o en combinación con memantina, comparadas con la memantina en monoterapia para el tratamiento de la EA moderada y severa. Métodos: se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la literatura. Se incluyeron estudios clínicos controlados aleatorizados de pacientes con diagnóstico de EA moderada a severa, evaluando los desenlaces de eficacia y seguridad. Resultados: los resultados de los estudios experimentales que comparan dosis de rivastigmina en parche, indican una posible diferencia en algunos desenlaces de eficacia, tales como desempeño de las actividades diarias, actividades instrumentales y funcionamiento general en pacientes con EA moderada y severa, sin diferencia significativa en los desenlaces de seguridad. Se observó una tendencia a favor de la terapia combinada en algunos desenlaces como cambio en puntuación de MMSE y actividades diarias instrumentales. Discusión: la evidencia disponible apoya el uso de rivastigmina, y la combinación con memantina parece una opción terapéutica apropiada en casos seleccionados.


Summary Introduction: Alzheimer's disease (AD), an irreversible, progressive neurodegenerative condition, is the most common cause of dementia and generates a high economic burden. The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature to determine the safety and efficacy of rivastigmine patch, alone or in combination with memantine, compared with memantine monotherapy for the treatment of moderate to severe AD. Methods: A systematic search of the literature was conducted. Including randomized controlled trials of patients diagnosed with moderate to severe AD, evaluating outcomes of effectiveness and safety. Results: The results of experimental studies comparing doses of rivastigmine patches indicate a possible difference in some of the outcomes of effectiveness such as performance in activities of daily living, instrumental activities, and overall functioning, in patients with moderate and severe AD, without significant difference in safety outcomes. A trend in favor of combination therapy in some of the outcomes, as change in MMSE score and instrumental daily activities, was observed. Discussion: The available evidence supports the use of rivastigmine, and the association with memantine seems an appropriate therapeutic option in selected cases.


Assuntos
Memantina , Inibidores da Colinesterase , Doença de Alzheimer
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