Use of Blockchain Technology in the Domain of Physical Exercise, Physical Activity, Sport, and Active Ageing: A Systematic Review.

Blockchain technology provides a distributed support for information storage and traceability. Recently, it has been booming in a wide variety of domains: finance, food, energy, and health. In the field of physical activity, physical exercise, sport, and active ageing, this technology could also originate some interesting services introducing support for reliable repository of results, for gamification, or for secure data interchange. This systematic review explores the use of blockchain in this context. The objective is to determine to which extent this technology has fulfilled the potential of blockchain to bring these new added-value services. The authors explored 5 repositories in search of papers describing solutions applied to the above-mentioned frame. 17 papers were selected for full-text analysis, and they displayed diverse applications of blockchain, such as Fitness and healthcare, Sport, and Active ageing. A detailed analysis shows that the solutions found do not leverage all the possibilities of blockchain technology. Most of the solutions analyzed use blockchain for managing, sharing, and controlling access to data and do not exploit the possibilities of Smart Contracts or oracles. Additionally, the advantages of the blockchain model have not been fully exploited to engage users using approaches such as gamification.

Association between Tobacco Consumption and Problematic Internet Use and the Practice of Physical Activity in Spanish Adolescents.

The practice of physical activity (PA) is a healthy habit that offers health benefits. In contrast, the lack thereof may be associated with an increase in diseases, even at an early age. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between unhealthy behaviors, such as tobacco consumption and problematic internet use, and the practice of PA in adolescents. Protective factors (physical activity and sport) and risk factors (leading a sedentary life, tobacco use, and problematic internet use) were evaluated. Other variables such as sex, the intensity of physical activity, and being a member of a sports federation were also evaluated. The sample consisted of a total of 1222 Spanish adolescents. Univariate descriptive analysis and multiple linear regression were used, and confirmatory factor analyses and structural models were also estimated. The results confirm a significant positive association between physical activity, intensity, and being a member of a sports federation, as well as between cigarette consumption and internet use. It is advisable to implement public policies that promote the practice of sports as a direct investment in health, preventing the consumption of tobacco and other habits that are harmful to the health of adolescents.

Relación entre parámetros cardiovasculares y el Índice de Masa Corporal en mujeres perimenopáusicas / Relationship between cardiovascular parameters and body mass index in perimenopausal women

Introducción: Las enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV) son la causa de muerte más frecuente en las mujeres en todo el mundo. La deficiencia de estrógenos debido a la menopausia se asocia con un mayor riesgo a padecer esta patología.Objetivo: Analizar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres perimenopausicas con al menos un factor de riesgo cardiovascular modificable mayor (diabetes, hipertensión, dislipemia) con edades comprendidas entre los 45 y 60 años de dos servicios de atención primaria urbanos.Metodología: Estudio descriptivo transversal en dos centros de salud de la ciudad de Ourense (Centro de Salud Novoa Santos y Centro de Salud A Ponte). Las variables analizadas fueron: Actividad estrogénica, tratamiento farmacológico, hábito tabáquico, calidad de vida, índice de masa corporal (IMC), colesterol total, lipoproteína de alta densidad (cHDL), lipoproteína de baja densidad (cLDL) y triglicéridos, tensión arterial sistólica (TAS), tensión arterial diastólica (TAD), frecuencia cardíaca (FC). El estudio contó con la aprobación del Comité Ético de Galicia. El análisis de los datos se efectuó a través del software libre R.Resultados: Participaron 316 mujeres, de las cuales el 64,9% eran menopáusicas. La edad media de la muestra fue de 53,35 ± 4,35 años. El valor medio del IMC fue de 28,125 ± 5,54 Kg/m2. Un 27,8% afirmó presentar hábito tabáquico. El 77,2% de las mujeres de la muestra presentaban niveles de colesterol total ≥200 mg/dl. En relación al cLDL, en el 72,6% de la población estudiada era ≥130 mg/dl. Se observó una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre el IMC y los niveles de triglicéridos, cHDL, TAS, TAD y FC.Conclusiones: Las mujeres perimenopáusicas presentaban una elevada prevalencia hábito tabáquico, obesidad y sobrepeso, a pesar de sufrir al menos un factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Por otra parte mostraron una baja calidad de vida tanto en la dimensión física como mental

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most common cause of death in women worldwide. Estrogen deficiency due to menopause is associated with an increased risk of this pathology.Objective: To analyze cardiovascular risk factors in perimenopausal women with at least one major modifiable cardiovascular risk factor (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipemia) between the ages of 45 and 60 of two urban primary care services.Methodology: Cross-sectional descriptive study in two health centers in the city of Ourense (Novoa Santos Health Center and A Ponte Health Center). The variables analyzed were: estrogenic activity, pharmacological treatment, smoking habit, quality of life, body mass index (BMI), total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (cHDL), low-density lipoprotein (cLDL) and triglycerides, systolic blood pressure (TAS), diastolic blood pressure (TAD), heart rate (FC). The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Galicia. Data analysis was performed through the free R software.Results: 316 women participated, of whom 64.9% were menopausal. The average age of the sample was 53.35 ± 4.35 years. The average BMI value was 28,125 ± 5.54 Kg/m2. 27.8% said they had a smoking habit. 77.2% of the women in the sample had total cholesterol levels ≥200 mg/dL. In relation to the cLDL, in 72.6% of the population studied it was ≥130 mg/dL. A statistically significant correlation was observed between BMI and triglyceride, cHDL, TAS, TAD and FC levels.Conclusion: Perimenopausal women had a high prevalence of smoking habit, obesity and overweight, despite suffering at least one cardiovascular risk factor. On the other hand they showed a low quality of life in both the physical and mental dimensión.

[Clinical trial with educational intervention in perimenopausal women with cardiovascular risk factor]. / Ensayo clínico con intervención educativa en mujeres perimenopáusicas con un factor de riesgo cardiovascular.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether an educational intervention in women in perimenopausal age with diabetes mellitus, hypertension and/or dyslipidemia could improve aspects of quality of life and exercise. METHODS: A randomized clinical trial. VARIABLES: physical activity, quality of life and weight in women aged 45-60 years (n = 320) at time 0 and 12 months after surgery. intervention group (IG): 3 interactive workshops on cardiovascular disease prevention and control group (CG): information by mail. RESULTS: The IG obtained better scores on the mental component of quality of life one year later (p < 0.05) and showed a significant increase in physical activity (p < 0.01). GI women maintained their weight while in CG women it increased (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A simple educational intervention in premenopausal women with a cardiovascular risk factor improves aspects of quality of life and of healthy habits such as physical activity.

EPIDEMIOLOGIA E ETIOLOGIA DAS LESÕES EM CANOÍSTAS DE ALTO NÍVEL / EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ETILOGY OF INJURIES IN HIGH-LEVEL KAYAKERS

RESUMO Nesta pesquisa descritiva de retrospectiva transversal, analisamos as lesões mais frequentes em atletas canoístas de águas calmas. Contamos com a participação de 362 canoístas,que responderam a um questionário sobre lesões. Obtivemos um índice de lesões nos canoístas homens de 1,43 e nas mulheres de 1,50; 53,9% foram lesões do tipo leve. As lesões nos ombros atingiram 32% nos homense 42,7% nas mulheres. Encontraram-se diferenças significativas (p<0,01) nos homens em relação à duração do treinamento e também às horas dedicadas a dormir. A metade dos homens e das mulheres lesionados pertencia à etapa de14-16 anos, sendo a lesão por uso exagerado a mais frequente. Saber das lesões de canoístas é fundamental para a organização de esquemas preventivos adequados. Este estudo estabelece quais são as lesões mais frequentes em canoístas de águas calmas atualmente, aportando informações sobre os fatores relacionados a elas e sua prevenção.

ABSTRACT In this descriptive and transverse retrospective study, we analyzed the most frequent injuries in flatwater kayakists. 362 kayakists participated, which answered to an adapted questionnaire of injuries.The index of injuries obtained in the men was of 1.43 and in the women of 1.50; that 53.9 % were light. The injuries in the shoulders supposed 32 % in the men and 42.7 % in the women. We found significant differences (p <0,01) in the men in relation to the duration of the training, and to the hours dedicated to sleeping The half of the men and women injured,corresponded to 14-16 years, being the overuse injury the most frequent. To know the flatwater kayakists injuries is fundamental for the organization of suitable preventive schemes. This study stablish which are the most frequent flatwater kayakists injuries actually, contributing information about the factors related to them and to their prevention.