Measurement of Physical Activity Using Fitness Trackers Before and After Midurethral Sling.

IMPORTANCE: Urinary incontinence can be a barrier to performing physical activities for many women. A midurethral sling (MUS) has shown symptom improvement for women experiencing stress urinary incontinence (SUI), suggesting the hypothesis that physical activity rates should increase after treatment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the change in objectively measured physical activity levels in women following placement of MUS for SUI. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective cohort study, patients undergoing MUS placement, with or without concomitant pelvic reconstructive surgery, were provided a commercial activity tracker. Physical activity was tracked for at least 1 week preoperatively and up to 6 months postoperatively. Participants were required to wear the tracker for at least 2 weeks in the postoperative period. The primary outcome, mean caloric daily expenditure (MCDE), was compared preoperatively and postoperatively. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients met criteria for data inclusion. The device was worn for a mean of 18.4 ± 12.1 days preoperatively and 91.7 ± 53.3 days postoperatively. Mean participant age was 51.9 ± 9.4 years. The MCDE was significantly higher postoperatively (preoperatively: 1,673 kcal/d vs postoperatively: 2,018 kcal/d; P < 0.01). There were no significant differences in postoperative MCDE in participants who had only MUS as the primary procedure versus participants who also had a concomitant procedure (2,020 ± 216 kcal/d vs 2,015 ± 431 kcal/d; P = 0.95). Of participants with class II/III obesity, 45% had at least a 500 kcal/d increase postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Treatment of SUI with MUS is associated with a significantly greater caloric expenditure in the postoperative period.

Factors Predicting Overnight Admission after Same-Day Mastectomy Protocol and Associated Financial Implications.

BACKGROUND: Same-day mastectomy (SDM) protocols have been shown to be safe, and their use increased up to four-fold compared to pre-pandemic rates. We sought to identify factors that predict overnight patient admission and evaluate the associated cost of care. STUDY DESIGN: Patients undergoing mastectomy from March 2020 to April 2022 were analyzed. Patients' demographics, tumor characteristics, operative details, perioperative factors, 30-day complications, fixed and variable cost, and contribution margin (CM) were compared between those who underwent SDM vs. those who required overnight admission after mastectomy (OAM). RESULTS: Of a total of 183 patients with planned SDM, 104 (57%) had SDM and 79 (43%) had OAM. Both groups had similar demographic, tumor, and operative characteristics. OAM patients were more likely to be preoperative opioid users (POU) (p=0.002), have higher American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) class (p= 0.028), and more likely to have procedure start time (PST) after 12:00 PM (49% vs. 33%, p=0.033). The rates of 30-day unplanned postoperative events were similar between SDM and OAM. POU (OR 3.62 CI 1.56 - 8.40), PACU length of stay greater than one hour (OR 1.17 CI 1.01 - 1.37), and PST after 12:00 PM (OR 2.56 CI 1.19 - 5.51), were independent predictors of OAM on multivariate analysis. Both fixed ($ 5,545 vs $4,909, p=0.03) and variable costs ($6,426 vs $4,909, p=0.03) were higher for OAM compared to SDM. CM, was not significantly different between the two groups (-$431 SDM vs -$734 OAM, p=0.46). CONCLUSIONS: Preoperative opioid use, ASA class, longer PACU length of stay, and PST after noon predict a higher likelihood of admission following planned SDM. OAM translated to higher costs, but not to decreased profit for the hospital.

The impact of metronidazole on pain persistence after fertility-sparing endometriosis surgery: METROFERT randomized study.

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that a disrupted microbiome is associated with endometriosis. Despite endometriosis affecting 1 in 10 reproductive-aged women, there is a lack of innovative and nonhormonal long-term effective treatments. Studies have reported an approximately 20% to 37.5% persistence of pain after fertility-sparing endometriosis surgery. Metronidazole has been shown to decrease inflammatory markers and the size of endometriosis lesions in animal studies. OBJECTIVE: To determine if modulating the microbiome with oral metronidazole for 14 days after fertility-sparing endometriosis surgery decreases pain persistence postoperatively. STUDY DESIGN: This was a randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Individuals 18 to 50 years old were prospectively randomized to placebo vs oral metronidazole for 14 days immediately after endometriosis fertility-sparing excision surgery. The primary outcome was binary, subjective pain persistence at 6 weeks postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included quality of life, sexual function, and endometriosis-associated pain scores according to the Endometriosis Health Profile-5, Female Sexual Function Index, and a visual analog scale. RESULTS: One hundred fifty-two participants were approached from October 2020 to October 2023 to enroll in the study. Sixty-four participants were excluded either because they did not meet inclusion or exclusion criteria or because they declined to participate. Eighty-eight participants were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either the oral placebo or metronidazole after endometriosis excision surgery; 18.2% of participants were lost to follow-up or discontinued treatment and this was not significantly different between the 2 arms, yielding a final cohort of 72 participants. Baseline demographics of the 2 study groups were similar. There was no statistically significant improvement in the primary outcome of binary subjective pain persistence between the metronidazole group compared to placebo (84% vs 88%, P=.74) at 6 weeks postoperatively. Further, no significant differences between treatments were detected in the secondary outcomes. CONCLUSION: A postoperative 14-day regimen of oral metronidazole immediately after fertility-sparing endometriosis surgery was not associated with any significant differences between treatment groups in the persistence of endometriosis-related pain symptoms compared to placebo at 6 weeks.

Dosimetric and toxicity comparison between Syed-Neblett and Fletcher-Suit-Delclos Tandem and Ovoid applicators in high dose rate cervix cancer brachytherapy.

PURPOSE: To compare patient and tumor characteristics, dosimetry, and toxicities between interstitial Syed-Neblett and intracavitary Fletcher-Suit-Delclos Tandem and Ovoid (T&O) applicators in high dose rate (HDR) cervical cancer brachytherapy. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed for cervical cancer patients treated with 3D-based HDR brachytherapy from 2011 to 2023 at a single institution. Dosimetric parameters for high-risk clinical target volume and organs at risk were obtained. Toxicities were evaluated using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0. RESULTS: A total of 115 and 58 patients underwent Syed and T&O brachytherapy, respectively. Patients treated with Syed brachytherapy were more likely to have larger tumors and FIGO stage III or IV disease. The median D2cc values to the bladder, small bowel, and sigmoid colon were significantly lower for Syed brachytherapy. Patients treated with Syed brachytherapy were significantly more likely to be free of acute gastrointestinal (44% vs. 21%, p = 0.003), genitourinary (58% vs. 36%, p = 0.01), and vaginal toxicities (60% vs. 33%, p = 0.001) within 6 months following treatment compared to patients treated with T&O applicators. In contrast, Syed brachytherapy patients were more likely to experience late gastrointestinal (68% vs. 49%, p = 0.082), genitourinary (51% vs. 35%, p = 0.196), and vaginal toxicities (70% vs. 57%, p = 0.264). CONCLUSIONS: Syed-Neblett and T&O applicators are suitable for HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer in distinct patient populations. Acute toxicities are more prevalent with T&O applicators, while patients treated with Syed-Neblett applicators are more likely to develop late toxicities.

You Want to be a Surgical Leader? Consider Training Elsewhere - An Observation of How Training Background May Impact Leadership Selection.

OBJECTIVE: The significance of thought differences has always held importance in medicine, but it could be considered as increasingly acknowledged and valued to a greater extent in recent times as more emphasis is placed on diversity, equity, and inclusion. These unique perspectives have been examined according to race, gender, and ethnicity, but there is limited published data examining the prevalence of leadership roles within surgical departments in terms of training background. Our main objective is to identify trends in surgical leaders' education, and emphasize training diversity in surgical leadership. DESIGN: A descriptive study of the training background of all surgical academic leaders. SETTING: This internet search was performed at a tertiary care, academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Academic chairpersons, division directors, and program directors. RESULTS: 124 programs had pertinent information available. There was a mean of 7.6 leaders per institute examined: total 939 positions (119 chairs, 704 division directors, 116 program directors). 90/119 (76%) of the Chairs led at institutions outside of the places they completed their training. 4/119 (3%) did all their training at the same institution they chaired. 25/119 (21%) completed at least some but not all their training there, and later rose to the role of Chair. Among division directors, 217/704 (31%) did some training at that institution, and program directors were significantly more likely to have completed some training at their current institute (53/116, 46%; p = 0.001). There were no statistically significant differences when examined geographically. Women made up 18% of the leaders and were significantly more likely to lead as program director rather than a chair or division director (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: A majority of surgery chairs hold positions at institutions where they did not complete their medical training. This suggests that outside perspective could be a contributing factor when searching for this position.

Persistent long-term opioid use after trauma: Incidence and risk factors.

BACKGROUND: The opioid epidemic in the United States continues to lead to a substantial number of preventable deaths and disability. The development of opioid dependence has been strongly linked to previous opioid exposure. Trauma patients are at particular risk since opioids are frequently required to control pain after injury. The purpose to this study was to examine the prevalence of opioid use before and after injury and to identify risk factors for persistent long-term opioid use after trauma. METHODS: Records for all patients admitted to a Level 1 trauma center over a 1-year period were analyzed. Demographics, injury characteristics, and hospital course were recorded. A multistate Prescription Drug Monitoring Program database was queried to obtain records of all controlled substances prescribed from 6 months before the date of injury to 12 months after hospital discharge. Patients still receiving narcotics at 1 year were defined as persistent long-term users and were compared against those who were not. RESULTS: A total of 2,992 patients were analyzed. Of all patients, 20.4% had filled a narcotic prescription within the 6 months before injury, 53.5% received opioids at hospital discharge, and 12.5% had persistent long-term use after trauma with the majority demonstrating preinjury use. Univariate risk factors for long-term use included female sex, longer length of stay, higher Injury Severity Score, anxiety, depression, orthopedic surgeries, spine injuries, multiple surgical locations, discharge to acute inpatient rehab, and preinjury opioid use. On multivariate analysis, the only significant predictors of persistent long-term prescription opioid use were preinjury use and a much smaller effect associated with use at discharge. CONCLUSION: During a sustained opioid epidemic, concerns and caution are warranted in the use of prescription narcotics for trauma patients. However, persistent long-term opioid use among opioid-naive patients is rare and difficult to predict after trauma. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level III.

Anti-inflammatory mechanisms in cancer research: Characterization of a distinct M2-like macrophage model derived from the THP-1 cell line.

AIMS: Macrophages play an essential role in cancer development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have predominantly M2-like attributes that are associated with tumor progression and poor patient survival. Numerous methods have been reported for differentiating and polarizing macrophages in vitro, but there is no standardized and validated model for creating TAMs. Primary cells show varying cytokine responses depending on their origin and functional studies utilizing these cells may lack generalization and validity. A distinct cell line-derived TAM-like M2 subtype is required to investigate the mechanisms mediated by anti-inflammatory TAMs in vitro. Our previous work demonstrated a standardized protocol for creating an M2 subtype derived from a human THP-1 cell line. The cell expression profile, however, has not been validated. The aim of this study was to characterize and validate the TAM-like M2 subtype macrophage created based on our protocol to introduce them as a standardized model for cancer research. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using qRT-PCR and ELISA, we demonstrated that proinflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and tumor-associated marker expression changed during THP-1-derived marcrophage development in vitro, mimicking a TAM-related profile (e.g., TNFα, IL-1ß). The anti-inflammatory marker IL-8/CXCL8, however, is most highly expressed in young M0 macrophages. Flow cytometry showed increased expression of CD206 in the final TAM-like M2 macrophage. Single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis of primary human monocytes and colon cancer tissue macrophages demonstrated that cell line-derived M2 macrophages resembled a TAM-related gene profile. CONCLUSIONS: The THP-1-derived M2 macrophage based on a standardized cell line model represents a distinct anti-inflammatory TAM-like phenotype with an M2a subtype profile. This model may provide a basis for in vitro investigation of functional mechanisms in a variety of anti-inflammatory settings, particularly colon cancer development.

Systemic adiponectin levels in colorectal cancer and adenoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Obesity is a well-established risk factor in the development of colorectal cancer; however, the mechanism mediating this relationship is not well understood. The adipokine, adiponectin, has an inverse relationship with obesity. Experimental studies have shown adiponectin to have dichotomous inflammatory and tumorigenic roles. Its role in the development of colorectal cancer, including the potential effect of its increase following bariatric surgery, is not yet clear. There are conflicting results from studies evaluating this relationship. This study sought to provide a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the association between systemic adiponectin levels in patients with colorectal cancer and adenoma. METHODS: An electronic literature search was performed using PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science as well as gray literature. Articles were screened for inclusion criteria and assessed for quality using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Pooled mean differences were calculated using a random effects model. Subgroup and meta-regression analyses were performed to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. RESULTS: Thirty-two observational studies comparing systemic adiponectin in colorectal cancer vs healthy controls were included. Colorectal cancer cases had lower systemic adiponectin levels (overall pooled mean difference = -1.05 µg/ml [95% CI: -1.99; -0.12] p = 0.03); however, significant heterogeneity was present (I2 = 95% p < 0.01). Subgroup and meta- regression analyses results could not identify a source of the significant heterogeneity across the studies. CONCLUSIONS: Studies suggest a trend towards lower systemic adiponectin levels in colorectal cancer patients, but the heterogeneity observed showed current evidence is not sufficient to definitively draw any conclusions. These data, however, suggest rising adiponectin is unlikely to account for the reported observation of increased CRC following bariatric surgery. Further studies with prospective age, race, and BMI-matched cohorts, and standardized adiponectin measurements may provide a better understanding of this relationship.

Predictive Ability of Comorbidity Indices for Surgical Morbidity and Mortality: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Several contemporary risk stratification tools are now being used since the development of the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in 1987. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to compare the utility of commonly used co-morbidity indices in predicting surgical outcomes. METHODS: A comprehensive review was performed to identify studies reporting an association between a pre-operative co-morbidity measurement and an outcome (30-day/in-hospital morbidity/mortality, 90-day morbidity/mortality, and severe complications). Meta-analysis was performed on the pooled data. RESULTS: A total of 111 included studies were included with a total cohort size 25,011,834 patients. The studies reporting the 5-item Modified Frailty Index (mFI-5) demonstrated a statistical association with an increase in the odds of in-hospital/30-day mortality (OR:1.97,95%CI: 1.55-2.49, p < 0.01). The pooled CCI results demonstrated an increase in the odds for in-hospital/30-day mortality (OR:1.44,95%CI: 1.27-1.64, p < 0.01). Pooled results for co-morbidity indices utilizing a scale-based continuous predictor were significantly associated with an increase in the odds of in-hospital/30-day morbidity (OR:1.32, 95% CI: 1.20-1.46, p < 0.01). On pooled analysis, the categorical results showed a higher odd for in-hospital/30-day morbidity (OR:1.74,95% CI: 1.50-2.02, p < 0.01). The mFI-5 was significantly associated with severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ III) (OR:3.31,95% CI:1.13-9.67, p < 0.04). Pooled results for CCI showed a positive trend toward severe complications but were not significant. CONCLUSION: The contemporary frailty-based index, mFI-5, outperformed the CCI in predicting short-term mortality and severe complications post-surgically. Risk stratification instruments that include a measure of frailty may be more predictive of surgical outcomes compared to traditional indices like the CCI.

Demographic variations and time to initiation of adjunct treatment following surgical resection of anaplastic astrocytoma in the United States: a National Cancer Database analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The aim of this study was to analyze the trends, demographic differences in the type and time to initiation (TTI) of adjunct treatment AT following surgery for anaplastic astrocytoma (AA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The National Cancer Database (NCDB) was queried for patients diagnosed with AA from 2004 to 2016. Cox proportional hazards and modeling was used to determine factors influencing survival, including the impact of time to initiation (TTI) of adjuvant therapy. RESULTS: Overall, 5890 patients were identified from the database. The use of combined RT + CT temporally increased from 66.3% (2004-2007) to 79% (2014-2016), p < 0001. Patients more likely to receive no treatment following surgical resection included elderly (> 60 years old), hispanic patients, those with either no or government insurance, those living > 20 miles from the cancer facility, those treated at low volume centers (< 2 cases/year). AT was received following surgical resection within 0-4 weeks, 4.1-8 weeks, and > 8 weeks in 41%, 48%, and 3%, respectively. Compared to patients who received RT + CT, patients were likely to receive RT only as AT either at 4-8 weeks or > 8 weeks after the surgical procedure. Patients who received AT within 0-4 weeks had the 3-year OS of 46% compared to 56.7% for patients who received treatment at 4.1-8 weeks. CONCLUSION: We found significant variation in the type and timing of adjunct treatment following surgical resection of AA in the United States. A considerable number of patients (15%) received no AT following surgery.

Temporal increase in the incidence of anal squamous cell carcinoma in Kentucky and factors associated with adverse outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Anal squamous cell cancer (ASCC) incidence in Kentucky is increasing at an alarming rate. In 2009, the incidence surpassed the US national average (2.66 vs. 1.77/100,000 people), and currently, Kentucky ranks second by state per capita. The reasons for this rise are unclear. We hypothesize individuals with ASCC in Kentucky have some unique risk factors associated with worse outcomes. METHODS: Individuals with ASCC in a population-level state database (1995-2016), as well as those treated at two urban university-affiliated tertiary care centers (2011-2018), were included and analyzed separately. We evaluated patient-level factors including demographics, tobacco use, stage of disease, HIV-status, and HPV-type. We evaluated factors associated with treatment and survival using univariable and multivariable survival analyses. RESULTS: There were 1698 individuals in state data and 101 in urban center data. In the urban cohort, 77% of patients were ever-smokers. Eighty-four percent of patients had positive HPV testing, and 58% were positive for HPV 16. Seventy-two percent of patients were positive for p16. Neither smoking, HPV, nor p16 status were associated with disease persistence, recurrence-free survival, or overall survival (all p > 0.05). Poorly controlled HIV (CD4 count <500) at time of ASCC diagnosis was associated disease persistence (p = 0.032). Stage III disease (adjusted HR = 5.25, p = 0.025) and local excision (relative to chemoradiation; aHR = 0.19, p = 0.017) were significantly associated with reduced recurrence-free survival. CONCLUSIONS: The rate of ASCC in Kentucky has doubled over the last 10 years, which is outpacing anal SCC rates in the US with the most dramatic rates seen in Kentucky women. The underlying reasons for this are unclear and require further study. There may be other risk factors unique to Kentucky.

Advanced gynecologic surgery in women with Parkinson's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of Parkinson's disease (PD) on perioperative outcomes following gynecologic surgery. BACKGROUND: Gynecological complaints are common among women with PD but under-reported, under-diagnosed and under-treated, in part due to surgical hesitancy. Non-surgical management options are not always acceptable to patients. Advanced gynecologic surgeries are effective for symptom management. Hesitancy toward elective surgery in PD stems from concern regarding perioperative risks. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study derived data by querying the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database between 2012 and 2016 to identify women who underwent advanced gynecologic surgery. Non-parametric Mann-Whitney U and Fisher exact tests were used to compare quantitative and categorical variables respectively. Age and Charlson Comorbidity Index values were used to create matched cohorts. RESULTS: 526 (0.1%) women with and 404,758 without a diagnosis of PD underwent gynecological surgery. Median age of patients with PD (70 years vs 44 years, p < 0.001) and median comorbid conditions (4 vs 0, p < 0.001) were higher compared to counterparts. Median length of stay (LOS) was longer in PD group (3 days vs 2 days, p < 0.001) with lower rates of routine discharge (58% vs 92%, p = 0.001). Groups were comparable in post-operative mortality (0.8% vs 0.3%, p = 0.076). After matching, there was no difference in LOS (p = 0.346) or mortality (0.8% vs 1.5%, p = 0.385) and PD group was more likely to be discharged to skilled nursing facilities. CONCLUSION: PD does not worsen perioperative outcomes following gynecologic surgery. Neurologists may use this information to provide reassurance to women with PD undergoing such procedures.

Obesity hormones and itaconate mediating inflammation in human colon cancer cells - Another lead to early-onset colon cancer?

Background: Chronic inflammation is a key feature of obesity and a hallmark of colon cancer (CC). The obesity-related hormones leptin and adiponectin alter inflammatory gene profiles in cancer, but their specific role in CC is unclear. We have previously studied the effects of leptin and the macrophage-specific mediator itaconate on M2-like macrophages. This current study evaluates their effects on CC cells. Methods: HT-29 CC cells (derived from a young patient, stage III CC) were treated with either leptin, adiponectin, 4-octyl itaconate (OI) or dimethyl itaconate (DI). Gene expression after treatment was analyzed at four time points (3, 6, 18, and 24 h). Results: CCL22 was upregulated after treatment with adiponectin (at 18 h [FC 16.3, p < 0.001]). IL-8 expression increased following both adiponectin (at 3 h [FC 68.1, p < 0.001]) and leptin treatments (at 6 h [FC 7.3, p < 0.001]), while OI induced downregulation of IL-8 (at 24 h [FC -5.0, p < 0.001]). CXCL10 was upregulated after adiponectin treatment (at 6 h [FC 3.0, p = 0.025]) and downregulated by both OI and DI at 24 h, respectively (OI [FC -10.0, p < 0.001]; DI [FC -10.0, p < 0.001]). IL-1ß was upregulated after adiponectin treatment (at 3 h [FC 10.6, p < 0.001]) and downregulated by DI (at 24 h [FC -5.0, p < 0.001]). TNF-α expression was induced following adiponectin (at 6 h [FC 110.7, p < 0.001]), leptin (at 18 h [FC 5.8, p = 0.027]) and OI (at 3 h [FC 91.1, p = 0.001]). PPARγ was affected by both OI (at 3 h [FC 10.1, p = 0.031], at 24 h [FC -10.0, p = 0.031]) and DI (at 18 h [FC -1.7, p = 0.033]). Conclusions: Obesity hormones directly affect inflammatory gene expression in HT29 CC cells, potentially enhancing cancer progression. Itaconate affects the prognostic marker PPARγ in HT29 CC cells. Leptin, adiponectin and itaconate may represent a link between obesity and CC.

A meta-analysis and systematic review of the comparison of laparoscopic ablation to percutaneous ablation for hepatic malignancies.

BACKGROUND: The optimal access for thermal ablation of the liver has not been evaluated in the literature for the laparoscopic versus percutaneous techniques. The aim of this manuscript was to determine the optimal ablation technique and patient selection for hepatic malignancies by comparing the efficacy and recurrence-free survival of laparoscopic and percutaneous thermal ablation. METHODS: A detailed literature search was made in PubMed, Web of Science, Google scholar, and EMBASE for related research publications. The data were extracted and assessed by two reviewers independently. Analysis of pooled data was performed, and Odds Ratio (OR) or Hazard Ratio (HR) with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs) was calculated and summarized respectively. RESULTS: A total of 10 articles were included with 1916 ablation patients. Laparoscopic ablation success (Median 100%) was found to be higher than percutaneous ablation success (median 89.4%) (p = ns). There was a higher percentage of both local and non-local hepatic recurrence in the patients treated with percutaneous ablation versus laparoscopic ablation. Meta-analysis indicated no difference in the adjusted hazard rate of recurrence by procedure type (p = 0.94). Laparoscopic ablation had a higher percentage of complications compared to percutaneous ablation (median lap 14.5% vs. perc 3.3%). CONCLUSIONS: While laparoscopic and percutaneous ablation are both effective interventions for hepatic malignancies, laparoscopic ablation was found to have improved ablation success and less local and non-local hepatic recurrence compared to percutaneous ablation.

General anesthesia versus regional anesthesia in patients undergoing obliterative vaginal procedures for pelvic organ prolapse.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: The objective was to compare outcomes in patients receiving general versus regional anesthesia when undergoing obliterative vaginal surgery for pelvic organ prolapse. METHODS: Obliterative vaginal procedures performed from 2010 to 2020 were identified in the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database using Current Procedural Terminology codes. Surgeries were categorized into general anesthesia (GA) or regional anesthesia (RA). Rates of reoperation, readmission, operative time, and length of stay were determined. A composite adverse outcome was calculated including any of the following: nonserious or serious adverse events, 30-day readmission, or reoperation. Propensity score-weighted analysis of perioperative outcomes was performed. RESULTS: The cohort included 6,951 patients, of whom 6,537 (94%) underwent obliterative vaginal surgery under GA and 414 (6%) received RA. When comparing outcomes under the propensity score-weighted analysis, operative times were shorter (median 96 vs 104 min, p<0.01) in the RA group versus GA. There were no significant differences between composite adverse outcomes (10% vs 12%, p=0.06), or readmission (5% vs 5%, p=0.83) and reoperation rates (1% vs 2%, p=0.12) between the RA and GA groups. Length of stay was shorter in patients receiving GA than in those receiving RA, especially when undergoing concomitant hysterectomy (67% discharged within 1 day in GA vs 45% in RA, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Composite adverse outcomes, reoperation rates, and readmission rates were similar in patients who received RA for obliterative vaginal procedures compared with GA. Operative times were shorter in patients receiving RA than in those receiving GA, and length of stay was shorter in patients receiving GA than in those receiving RA.

Postoperative Complications of Appendectomy in Gynecologic Laparoscopic Surgery for Benign Indications.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether concomitant appendectomy in patients who undergo laparoscopic surgery for benign gynecologic indications is associated with increased rates of complications in the 30-day postoperative period. METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was used to identify patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery by a gynecologist. Patients were excluded if they underwent open abdominal surgeries, bowel resections, urogynecologic surgeries, or if diagnoses of cancer or appendicitis were present. There were 246,987 patients included in the population cohort from 2010 to 2020. Demographic information and postoperative outcomes of patients who underwent concomitant appendectomy were compared with patients who did not undergo appendectomy. A matched cohort was created by computing propensity scores, and outcomes were again compared between groups. All patients undergoing appendectomy were 1:1 matched to a unique patient who did not undergo appendectomy using a greedy matching based on the propensity score calculated from demographic and surgical characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 1,760 patients (0.7%) underwent concomitant appendectomy. There was an 8.0% complication rate in the appendectomy group, compared with 5.5% in the group of those without appendectomy ( P <.001), and this was similar to the results in the propensity-matched sample. Patients who underwent appendectomy had significantly higher rates of readmission (4.3% vs 2.3%), which remained significant in the propensity-matched sample. There were no differences in the rates of postoperative thromboembolic events, blood transfusion, or reoperation. CONCLUSION: Patients who are undergoing concomitant appendectomy have an increased risk of any complication and hospital readmission. Additional studies may be conducted to identify patients with optimal risk benefit profiles when considering performing concomitant appendectomy at time of gynecologic surgery.

A meta-analysis and systematic review of intraoperative bile cultures association with postoperative complications in pancreaticoduodenectomy.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this meta-analysis and systematic review was to evaluate the association between intraoperative bile cultures and postoperative complications of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy. METHODS: A detailed literature search was performed from January 2015 to July 2022 in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and EMBASE for related research publications. The data were extracted, screened, and graded independently. An analysis of pooled data was performed, and a risk ratio with corresponding confidence intervals was calculated and summarized. RESULTS: A total of 8 articles were included with 1,778 pancreaticoduodenectomy patients who had an intraoperative bile culture performed. A systematic review demonstrated that some of the most common organisms isolated in a positive intraoperative bile culture were Enterococcus species, Klebsiella species, and E. coli. Four studies also showed that specific microorganisms were associated with specific postoperative complications (surgical site infection and intra-abdominal abscess). The postoperative complications that were evaluated for an association with a positive intraoperative bile culture were surgical site infections (risk ratio = 2.33, 95% confidence interval [1.47-3.69], P < .01), delayed gastric emptying (risk ratio = 1.23, 95% confidence interval [0.63-2.38], P = n.s.), 90-day mortality (risk ratio = 0.68, 95% confidence interval [0.01-52.76], P = n.s.), postoperative pancreatic hemorrhage (risk ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [0.33-8.74], P = n.s.), intra-abdominal abscess (risk ratio = 1.70, 95% confidence interval [0.38-7.56], P = n.s.), and postoperative pancreatic fistula (risk ratio = 0.97, 95% confidence interval [0.72-1.32], P = n.s.). CONCLUSION: The cumulative data suggest that a positive intraoperative bile culture has no association with predicting the postoperative complications of delayed gastric emptying, 90-day mortality, postoperative pancreatic hemorrhage, intra-abdominal abscess, or postoperative pancreatic fistula. However, the data also suggest that a positive intraoperative bile culture was associated with a patient developing a surgical site infection.

Video Playback as an Educational Tool for Improving Resident Laparoscopic Performance: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: In this single-masked randomized controlled study, we evaluate whether watching video recordings of oneself performing Fundamentals of Laparoscopic Skills (FLS) exercises results in an improvement on the 30-point Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills (GOALS) assessment among Obstetrics and Gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents. DESIGN: Twenty-three Ob/Gyn residents in the 2020-2021 academic year completed the FLS exercises while being timed, video recorded, and receiving real-time feedback from an Ob/Gyn faculty member. Baseline GOALS assessment was completed by participants and faculty. After the intervention, all participants then repeated the FLS exercises while being timed and were again scored using the GOALS assessment. Each participant completed the study in a single session. In addition, all participants completed a pre- and post-test survey. SETTING: University of Louisville Laparoscopic Skills Labortaory. PARTICIPANTS: University of Louisville Ob/Gyn residents in the 2020-2021 academic year. INTERVENTION: Twelve participants were randomized to the intervention and were allowed to watch their video recording in addition to receiving verbal feedback whereas the remaining 11 received verbal feedback only. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: There were significant improvements in faculty (p <.01) and self-reported GOALS scores (p <.01) when comparing both the intervention and control group with baseline scores. The intervention group improved by 3.2 points more than that of the control group based on masked faculty evaluation (95% confidence interval, 1.4-5.0 points; p <.01). The difference was not significant in resident self-scores. Overall time improved for all participants (15:54 ± 0.21 minutes before and 13:13 ± 0.14 minutes after), but this difference was not significant between the 2 groups. Higher postgraduate year (PGY) residents reported significantly more comfort performing laparoscopic tasks, earned higher GOALS score (faculty and self-scores), and completed the first set of exercises in less time. A significant interaction between PGY and intervention was detected with improvement in GOALS score most strongly associated with PGY4 residents (p <.01). CONCLUSION: Although all learners objectively benefit from watching recordings of themselves performing surgical tasks, advanced learners may benefit the most when video recordings are used as an educational tool.

[S156] Comparing outcomes of per-oral pyloromyotomy and robotic pyloroplasty for the treatment of gastroparesis.

BACKGROUND: Gastroparesis is characterized by delayed gastric emptying without a significant obstructive pathology and is estimated to effect more than 5 million adults in the United States. Therapies for this condition are divided into two categories: gastric electrical stimulation or pyloric therapies to facilitate gastric emptying. Pyloric procedures include pyloroplasty, a well-documented procedure, and per-oral endoscopic myotomy (POP), a relatively novel endoscopic procedure that disrupts the pyloric muscles endoscopically. There is a paucity of literature comparing the two procedures. The aim of this study is to compare the outcomes of these two techniques. METHODS: Under an IRB protocol, data were collected prospectively from September 2018 through April 2021 at our institution for patients undergoing POP (n = 63 patients) or robotic pyloroplasty (RP) (n = 48). Preoperative and postoperative data including sex, race, age, BMI, and Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) score were analyzed using univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in sex, age, and BMI for both cohorts, but patients with RP were more likely to have private insurance, pre-op reflux, and PPI (p < .05 for all). Patients who underwent POP had significantly shorter operative time compared to RP (median 27 min vs 90, p < 0.001). The average change between preoperative and postoperative GCSI scores was significantly decreased for both interventions (POP mean = 8.2, RP 16.8, p < 0.001 both). However, comparing both data, RP has significantly better improvement in postoperative GCSI score than POP in both univariate (p < 0.001) and multivariate analysis (p = 0.030). This was reflected in the individual symptoms with nausea (p < 0.001), ability to finish meal (p = 0.037), abdomen visibly larger (p = 0.037) and bloating (p = 0.022) all showing improvement in both groups, but with RP having a more significant decrease in the scoring of these symptoms than POP. There was no significant difference in the number of postoperative complications (POP 19% vs RP 13%, p = 0.440). CONCLUSION: Even though both interventions are significantly associated with improvement of symptoms in patients with gastroparesis, our data demonstrates that robotic pyloroplasty has a superior response in comparison to per-oral endoscopic myotomy for the management of these symptoms. Per-oral pyloromyotomy has a similar complication rate to robotic pyloroplasty with a shorter operative time.

Radiosurgery fractionation and post-treatment hemorrhage development for intact melanoma brain metastases.

PURPOSE: To assess, for intact melanoma brain metastases (MBM), whether single-fraction stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) versus fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (fSRT) is associated with a differential risk of post-treatment lesion hemorrhage (HA) development. METHODS: A single institution retrospective database review identified consecutive patients with previously unresected MBM treated with robotic SRS/fSRT between 2013 and 2021. The presence of lesion HA was determined by multi-disciplinary imaging review. Dosimetric variables were reported as biologically effective doses using an α/ß ratio of 2.5 (BED2.5). Statistical analysis was performed using mixed effect logistic regression for post-treatment HA and Cox frailty modeling for local control (LC). RESULTS: The cohort included 48 patients with 226 intact MBM treated with SRS/fSRT. Of lesions without prior HA, 63 of 133 lesions (47.4%) receiving SRS demonstrated evidence of post-treatment HA versus 2 of 24 lesions (8.3%) treated with fSRT (p = 0.01). A larger maximum BED2.5 was observed in lesions developing HA compared to no HA (238.3 Gy vs. 211.4 Gy; p = 0.022). 12-month LC was 65.7% (95% CI 37.2-87.3%) and 77.5% (95% CI 58.5-91.2%) for lesions demonstrating pre-treatment and post-treatment HA, respectively, with no local failure events observed within 12 months for non-hemorrhagic lesions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: We found an increased incidence of post-treatment HA for intact MBM receiving a larger maximum BED2.5, which was significantly higher for single fraction treatments within our cohort. The presence of lesion HA, either pre- or post-treatment, was indicative of inferior LC. Further investigations of optimal dose and fractionation schedules for treatment of MBM in the era of immunotherapy are warranted.