Usage of cervical cancer screening services among HIV-positive women in Southern Ethiopia: a multicentre cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the usage of cervical cancer screening services and associated factors among HIV-positive women on antiretroviral treatment in Southern Ethiopia in 2020. DESIGN: A multicentre cross-sectional study. SETTING: The study was conducted in Wolaita Sodo University Teaching Referral Hospital and Sodo Health Centre, Southern Ethiopia, from 1 July 2020 to 30 September 2020. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred and seventeen HIV-positive women on antiretroviral treatment attending public health facilities were approached during the study period. A multivariable binary logistic regression model was carried out to identify independent factors associated with the usage of cervical cancer screening services, and a p value<0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. RESULTS: The uptake of cervical cancer screening services among HIV-positive women was 27.8% with a 95% CI of 24.2% to 33.1%. Married women and women reporting a high level of perceived barriers were 75% and 66% less likely to receive cervical cancer screening services, adjusted OR (AOR)=0.25; 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.93, and AOR=0.34; 95% CI: 0.12 to 0.98, respectively. Whereas, being a government employee, AOR=3.85; 95% CI: 1.31 to 11.3, sexual debut before the age of 20, AOR=2.39; 95% CI: 1.09 to 5.26, using modern contraceptives, AOR=2.43; 95% CI: 1.05 to 5.65, having a high perceived self-efficacy, AOR=4.42; 95% CI: 1.79 to 10.89 and having a high perceived benefit of cervical cancer screening services, AOR=12.23; 95% CI: 2.22 to 67.35 were significantly associated with the usage of cervical cancer screening services. CONCLUSIONS: The usage of cervical cancer screening services among HIV-positive women remains low in this setting. Married HIV-positive women and those with a high perceived barrier were associated with low uptake of cervical cancer screening services. Being a government employee, having an early sexual experience, using modern contraceptives, having a high perceived self-efficacy and having a high perceived benefit were identified as factors associated with increased uptake of cervical cancer screening services.

Dual contraception method utilization and associated factors among women on anti-retroviral therapy in public facilities of Bishoftu town, Oromia, Ethiopia.

INTRODUCTION: Dual contraception is a method used to prevent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and unintended pregnancies. Prevention of unintended pregnancy in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and ART given to pregnant women to suppress viral load prevent transmission of HIV to children. Counseling and provision of dual contraceptive methods is a very cost-effective method to tackle this double burden among women living with HIV. However, little has been known about utilization of dual methods among HIV positive women in Bishoftu town and its surroundings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess dual contraception method utilization and associated factors among reproductive age women who were on antiretroviral therapy in public health facilities of Bishoftu town. METHODS: A facility based cross- sectional study was conducted from November 01 to December 30, 2020. The study participants were selected by using simple random sampling technique. Data were collected using a pretested and structured questionnaire through a face to face interview. Data were processed and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and percentages were used to describe characteristics of participants. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify variables which had an independent association with the dependent variable. The degree of association between dependent and independent variables were measured using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval. Level of significance was set at a p-value less than 0.05. RESULTS: The Magnitude of dual contraceptive utilization of women living with HIV in Bishoftu town was 56.9% (95% Cl (51.6, 62.1). Being married (AOR = 4.33; 95% Cl (1.67, 11.27), not getting pregnant since the start of chronic care follow up (AOR = 2.19; 95% Cl (2.90, 3.70), having a partner positive for HIV (AOR = 2.67; 95% Cl (1.34, 5.32) and having a partner negative for HIV (AOR = 2.38; 95% Cl (1.09, 5.20) were factors independently associated with dual method contraceptive use. CONCLUSION: The study showed that use of dual contraceptive methods was low; factors like marital status, partner HIV status, and pregnancy after chronic HIV care follow up were found to be significantly associated with dual contraceptive method use. In addition to ART, use of dual contraceptive methods utilization may play a role in prevention of HIV infection in children and is important in the prevention of unintended pregnancy.