RESUMO
Regular physical exercise is beneficial to the body. Acute exercise causes oxidant stress in many tissues including the liver by creating an unbalanced status between oxidant and antioxidant levels. Analgesic drugs are commonly consumed to reduce the pain after exercise. Acetaminophen (APAP), commonly used as an over-the-counter analgesic, can cause hepatotoxicity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect and underlying mechanisms of APAP at subtoxic dose, which is given after the acute and exhaustive exercise on the rat livers. Male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 g were divided into 6 groups each consisting of 7 rats/group; Control, APAP (250 mg/kg, ip), Acute Exercise (AEx), Acute Exhaustive Exercise (AEEx), Acute Exercise and APAP (AEx+APAP) and Acute Exhaustive Exercise and APAP (AEEx+APAP) groups. Rats were exercised at moderate intensity or exhaustive on the treadmill and then received APAP. Tissue MDA levels were significantly increased in AEEx, AEx+APAP and AEEx+APAP groups compared with the control. There was no significant difference in GSH levels between groups. Tissue Sirtuin1 (Sirt1) levels of APAP, AEx and AEEx groups were significantly less than control. There was no significant difference between groups in VEGF levels. Liver damage score was significantly higher in all groups compared with control group. As a result, this study shows that subtoxic dose of APAP treatment alone or in combination with acute or exhaustive treadmill exercise can cause oxidative liver damage by affecting Sirt1 levels and without affecting VEGF levels.
Assuntos
Acetaminofen , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas , Ratos , Masculino , Animais , Acetaminofen/toxicidade , Ratos Wistar , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo , Sirtuína 1/metabolismo , Fígado/metabolismo , Analgésicos/metabolismo , Estresse Oxidativo , Oxidantes , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/etiologia , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/prevenção & controle , Doença Hepática Induzida por Substâncias e Drogas/metabolismoRESUMO
Regular treadmill running during adolescence improves learning and memory in rats. During adolescence, the baseline level of stress is thought to be greater than during other periods of life. We investigated the effects of voluntary and involuntary exercise on the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, and spatial learning, memory and anxiety in adolescent male and female rats. The voluntary exercise group was given free access to a running wheel for 6 weeks. The involuntary exercise group was forced to run on a treadmill for 30 min at 8 m/min 5 days/week for 6 weeks. Improved learning was demonstrated in both exercise groups compared to controls. Neuron density in the CA1 region of the hippocampus, dentate gyrus and prefrontal cortex were increased. Hippocampal VEGF and BDNF levels were increased in both exercise groups compared to controls. In females, anxiety and corticosterone levels were decreased; BDNF and VEGF levels were higher in the voluntary exercise group than in the involuntary exercise group. The adolescent hippocampus is affected favorably by regular exercise. Although no difference was found in anxiety levels as a result of involuntary exercise in males, females showed increased anxiety levels, and decreased VEGF and BDNF levels in the prefrontal cortex after involuntary exercise.