RESUMO
Migration, distal malposition or fracture of self-expanding metallic biliary or esophageal stents rarely occur but may lead to stent dysfunction, mucosal trauma secondary to impaction or friction on the digestive wall. We report our experience of using argon plasma to endoscopically cut three metallic biliary and esophageal self-expanding stents to restore permeability or to treat impaction of the stent after migration, malposition or fracture.
Assuntos
Endoscópios Gastrointestinais , Esôfago , Ducto Hepático Comum , Lasers de Gás/uso terapêutico , Falha de Prótese , Stents/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Ligas , Transtornos de Deglutição/etiologia , Transtornos de Deglutição/terapia , Úlcera Duodenal/etiologia , Úlcera Duodenal/terapia , Duodenoscopia , Esôfago/cirurgia , Migração de Corpo Estranho/etiologia , Migração de Corpo Estranho/terapia , Gastroscopia , Ducto Hepático Comum/cirurgia , Humanos , Masculino , Desenho de Prótese , Silicones , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A 60-year-old man presented an oesophageal transmural necrosis fistulised in the trachea following curative photodynamic therapy (PDT) for a superficial recurrence of an oesophageal carcinoma, initially treated by radiochemotherapy. Two stents, a tracheal and an oesophageal one, were placed. Eight months later the patient is in complete remission with only mild swallowing problems. This complication, although unusual, has already been described by other teams with the association of radiochemotherapy and PDT. The present case study suggests that illumination dose should be lowered in this indication.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Recidiva Local de Neoplasia/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/efeitos adversos , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/etiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/terapia , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Éter de Diematoporfirina/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Necrose , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/efeitos adversos , Radioterapia Adjuvante , Stents , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/patologia , Fístula Traqueoesofágica/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: A high prevalence (52%) of hyperhomocysteinemia is observed in Crohn disease (CD), however it is not well documented in ulcerative colitis (UC). Furthermore, in the different works studying hyperhomocysteinemia the associated factors are different. AIM: Prospective evaluation of hyperhomocysteinemia in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, of the risk factors and the determination of a potential risk of colorectal carcinoma in case of hyperhomocysteinemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: IBD patients followed in our department were prospectively recruited between November 2003-September 2004. To be included patients should have passed a coloscopy in the two years. Patients with kidney failure or drugs supposed, to interfere with homocystéine metabolism (folates, vitamin B12, methotrexate) were excluded from the study. The following parameters were analysed: age, sex, clinical activity indexes (CDAI for Crohn disease and CAI for ulcerative colitis), length-extent and type of the disease (CD or UC), smoking, plasma homocystein concentration, folates and vitamin B12. RESULTS: Eighty-one patients (60 CD, 21 UC, mean age 43.8 +/- 17.3) were included, 30 had an active disease at inclusion and 16 were smokers. The prevalence of high homocystein concentration was 55.6%. In univariate analysis a low rate of folates was the only risk factor for a high homocystein concentration (74 vs. 52.8%; P = 0.018). Smoking was almost an associated factor. In multivariate analysis, a low rate of folate was the only risk factor of hyperhomocysteinemia, OR = 3.59 [1.27-10.17]. Five endoscopic lesions considered as precancerous were described; these patients had all a hyperhomocysteinemia. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of hyperhomocysteinemia is high in UC and in CD. A low folate rate is the only risk factor observed in our study. There is a possible link between colorectal cancer and hyperhomocysteinemia. A high Plasma homocystein concentration must be search in inflammatory bowel disease patients and a substitutive treatment of folates and vitamin B12 is necessary in case of hyperhomocysteinemia.
Assuntos
Hiper-Homocisteinemia/epidemiologia , Hiper-Homocisteinemia/etiologia , Doenças Inflamatórias Intestinais/complicações , Adulto , Feminino , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/complicações , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Wild-type RD114 virus is capable of generating syncytia during its replication, and it is believed that cell-free viruses direct the fusion of neighboring cells. The RD114 envelope (Env) that mediates this fusion event is now widely used to pseudotype retroviral and lentiviral vectors in gene therapy. Indeed, vectors pseudotyped with RD114 Env are very efficient to transfer genes into human hematopoietic cells, and they are resistant to human complement inactivation. In this study, we have tested the potential of RD114-pseudotyped vectors produced from the FLYRD18 packaging cell line to induce syncytia. METHODS: RD114-pseudotyped vectors produced from the FLYRD18 packaging cells were added on tumor cell lines, and the formation of syncytia was assessed by microscopy after cell fixation and methylene blue staining. The kinetics of syncytium formation was analyzed by time-lapse microscopy. Finally, the cytotoxic effect of RD114-pseudotyped vectors was measured by the MTT assay on tumor cells, and in combination with the TK/GCV strategy. RESULTS: We have found that these vectors were able to mediate cell-to-cell fusion of human tumor cell lines. A few hours after addition of the vector, cells started to aggregate to form syncytia that eventually evolved toward cell death 48 h postinfection. RD114-pseudotyped vectors were very efficient at killing human cancer cells, and they were also able to enhance dramatically the cytotoxic effect of the TK/GCV strategy. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that RD114-pseudotyped vectors used alone, or in combination with a suicide gene therapy approach, have great potential for the treatment of cancer.
Assuntos
Ganciclovir/uso terapêutico , Terapia Genética , Vetores Genéticos , Células Gigantes/patologia , Neoplasias/patologia , Retroviridae/genética , Timidina Quinase/genética , Efeito Espectador , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células , Humanos , Neoplasias/enzimologiaRESUMO
Exogenous n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and specially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been previously reported to potentiate the efficacy of anticancer agents that generate an oxidative stress, such as anthracyclines, by enhancing the susceptibility of cell membranes to lipid peroxidation. Since lipid peroxidation has also been suggested to mediate anthracycline-induced heart failure, we designed a study aimed at investigating whether a DHA-enriched diet coupled with controlled oxidative conditions prevents or aggravates this serious side effect in vivo. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted for at least 3 weeks to diet enriched in DHA, which was provided either as natural oil (sardine oil, experiment 1) or in a purified form (DHASCO, experiment 2). At the same time, to constrain the nutritional oxidative status, the anti-oxidant Vitamin E or the pro-oxidant menadione/sodium ascorbate redox mixture was added. Then, epirubicin was administered weekly at two cumulative doses, 9 mg x kg(-1) (experiment 1) or 15 mg x kg(-1) (experiment 2). Cardiotoxicity was assessed by electrocardiographic (ECG) and hemodynamic measurements, completed with histological examination. Epirubicin-induced dose-dependent mortality, alterations of hemodynamic parameters and histological damages, all features characterizing the occurrence of congestive heart failure. Moreover, the addition of anti- or pro-oxidant did not change the hemodynamics either at the lowest (experiment 1) or the highest dose (experiment 2). Similarly, the ECG measurements and histological examinations did not reveal any difference. DHA was actually incorporated, as evaluated through the adipose tissue fatty acid composition. All these observations indicated that the DHA-enriched diet, placed under controlled oxidative conditions, did not appear to prevent but neither to aggravate epirubicin-induced cardiotoxicity. These findings support the idea that DHA improves the anthracycline therapeutic index.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Epirubicina/efeitos adversos , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3 , Cardiopatias/induzido quimicamente , Cardiopatias/patologia , Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animais , Dieta , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos/metabolismo , Testes de Função Cardíaca , Miocárdio/patologia , Oxirredução , RatosRESUMO
1. Diallyl disulphide (DADS), a compound formed from the organosulphur compounds present in garlic, is known for its anticarcinogenic effects in animal models. 2. The aim was to identify and analyse the metabolites produced in vivo after a single oral administration of 200 mg kg(-1) DADS to rats. The organic sulphur metabolites present in the stomach, liver, plasma and urine were measured by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry over 15 days. 3. Data indicate that DADS is absorbed and transformed into allyl mercaptan, allyl methyl sulphide, allyl methyl sulphoxide (AMSO) and allyl methyl sulphone (AMSO(2)), which are detected throughout the excretion period. Overall, the highest amounts of metabolites were measured 48-72h after the DADS administration. AMSO(2) is the most abundant and persistent of these compounds. The levels of all the sulphur compounds rapidly decline within the first week after administration and disappear during the second week. Only AMSO and AMSO(2) are significantly excreted in urine. 4. These potential metabolites are thought to be active in the target tissues. Our data warrant further studies to check this hypothesis.
Assuntos
Compostos Alílicos/metabolismo , Compostos Alílicos/farmacocinética , Dissulfetos/metabolismo , Dissulfetos/farmacocinética , Administração Oral , Animais , Cromatografia Gasosa-Espectrometria de Massas , Humanos , Masculino , Mesilatos/metabolismo , Modelos Químicos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Sulfetos/metabolismo , Ácidos Sulfínicos/farmacocinética , Fatores de Tempo , Distribuição TecidualRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the risk factors for ectopic pregnancy (EP) in women using an intrauterine device (IUD). DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Auvergne region (France). PATIENT(S): Women using an IUD and suffering EP (243 cases) or having an intrauterine pregnancy (140 controls). INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Sociodemographic characteristics, smoking, medical history, and medicines taken before the pregnancy. Type of IUD, duration of use, position and visibility of the thread at diagnosis, and presence of abnormal clinical signs. RESULT(S): Seven factors were associated with an increase in the risk of EP: histories of spontaneous abortion, IUD use, and tubal damage; progesterone IUD at the time of conception; insertion of an IUD during the month following a previous pregnancy; duration of use of the IUD in place at the time of conception; and pelvic pain resulting in medical consultation after the insertion of the IUD. Conversely, five factors were associated with a decrease in the risk of EP: history of treated low genital tract infection; history of contraception using the progestagen pill; use of paracetamol or aspirin before the pregnancy; and displacement of the IUD. CONCLUSION(S): This study suggests that the IUD itself may have an etiological role in EP.
Assuntos
Dispositivos Intrauterinos/efeitos adversos , Gravidez Ectópica/epidemiologia , Gravidez Ectópica/etiologia , Adulto , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Anticoncepção/métodos , Uso de Medicamentos , Falha de Equipamento , Feminino , França , Humanos , Incidência , Prontuários Médicos , Gravidez , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
To investigate whether the oxidative status of an 18:3(n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-enriched diet could modulate the growth of chemically induced rat mammary tumors, three independent experiments were performed. Experiments I and II examined the variation of tumor growth by addition of antioxidant (vitamin E) or a prooxidant system (sodium ascorbate/2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) to a 15% linseed oil diet rich in 18:3(n-3). Experiment III addressed the role of PUFA in the tumor growth modulation by vitamin E. For this purpose, we compared the effect of vitamin E in 15% fat diets containing a high level of 18:3(n-3) (linseed oil, high-PUFA diet) or devoid of 18:3(n-3) (hydrogenated palm/sunflower oil, low-PUFA diet). In Experiments I-III, tumor growth increased in the presence of vitamin E compared with control (without vitamin E). Furthermore, it decreased when prooxidant was added. In contrast, no difference was observed when the diet was low in PUFA, suggesting that sensitivity of PUFA to peroxidation may interfere with tumor growth. This observation was supported by growth kinetic parameter analysis, which indicated that tumor growth resulted from variations in cell loss but not from changes in cell proliferation. These data show that, in vivo, PUFA effects on tumor growth are highly dependent on diet oxidative status.
Assuntos
Dieta , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/administração & dosagem , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Oxidantes/administração & dosagem , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/administração & dosagem , Animais , Antioxidantes/administração & dosagem , Ácido Ascórbico/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Óleo de Semente do Linho , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Metilnitrosoureia , Naftoquinonas/administração & dosagem , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Vitamina E/administração & dosagem , Vitamina K 3RESUMO
Data derived from experimental studies suggest that alpha-linolenic acid may have a protective effect in breast cancer. Observations obtained from epidemiological studies have not allowed conclusions to be drawn about a potential protective effect of dietary alpha-linolenic acid on breast cancer, possibly because of methodological issues. This case-control study conducted in an homogeneous population from a central area in France was designed to explore the hypothesis that alpha-linolenic acid inhibits breast cancer, using fatty acid levels in adipose breast tissue as a biomarker of past qualitative dietary intake of fatty acids. Biopsies of adipose breast tissue at the time of diagnosis were obtained from 123 women with invasive non-metastatic breast carcinoma. 59 women with benign breast disease served as controls. Individual fatty acids were analysed by capillary gas chromatography. An unconditional logistic regression model was used to obtain odds ratio estimates whilst adjusting for age, menopausal status and body mass index (BMI). No association was found between fatty acids (saturates, monounsaturates, long-chain polyunsaturates n-6 or n-3) and the disease, except for alpha-linolenic acid which showed an inverse association with the risk of breast cancer. The relative risk of breast cancer for women in the highest quartile of adipose breast tissue alpha-linolenic acid level was 0.36 (95% confidence interval=0.12-1.02) compared with those in the lowest quartile (P trend=0.026), suggesting a protective effect of alpha-linolenic acid in the risk of breast cancer. The effects of dietary alpha-linolenic on the risk of breast cancer warrant further study.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/química , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Mama/química , Ácido alfa-Linolênico/análise , Adulto , Idoso , Doenças Mamárias/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Cromatografia Gasosa , Dieta , Ácidos Graxos/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , RiscoAssuntos
Neoplasias da Mama/prevenção & controle , Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/prevenção & controle , Animais , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Brassica , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Graxos Monoinsaturados , Feminino , Óleos de Peixe , Humanos , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Metilnitrosoureia , Óleos de Plantas , Óleo de Brassica napus , Células Tumorais CultivadasAssuntos
Tecido Adiposo/química , Neoplasias da Mama/química , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/análise , Tecido Adiposo/patologia , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Biópsia , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/toxicidade , Feminino , Humanos , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , PrognósticoAssuntos
Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta/farmacologia , Epirubicina/uso terapêutico , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/tratamento farmacológico , Oxidantes/farmacologia , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Animais , Ácido Desidroascórbico/farmacologia , Feminino , Peroxidação de Lipídeos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Metilnitrosoureia , Ratos , Vitamina K/farmacologiaAssuntos
Gorduras na Dieta/farmacologia , Ácido Graxo Sintases/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/enzimologia , Animais , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-3/farmacologia , Ácidos Graxos Ômega-6 , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/farmacologia , Feminino , Regulação Enzimológica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/genética , Metilnitrosoureia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the determinants of tubal rupture and to describe its treatment and effect on subsequent fertility. STUDY DESIGN: The data were taken from a population-based register from Auvergne (France). All women aged between 15 and 45 years residing permanently in this area and treated for ectopic pregnancy by surgical or medical procedures have been registered since 1992. They are then followed up prospectively until the age of 45 years. This study is an analysis of 849 tubal ectopic pregnancies registered between January 1992 and December 1996. Women with tubal rupture were compared with those in whom no tubal rupture occurred. The risk factors for tubal rupture were identified by calculating crude and adjusted odds ratios. The effects of tubal rupture on subsequent fertility were assessed by calculating cumulative intrauterine pregnancy rates and were analyzed by log-rank tests and Cox regression. RESULTS: The rate of rupture for this population was 18%. Four factors were identified that increased the risk of rupture (results of the multivariate analysis): never having used contraception (odds ratio 1.7 [1.0 to 3. 3]), a history of tubal damage together with infertility (odds ratio 1.6 [0.9 to 2.7]), induction of ovulation (odds ratio 2.5 [1.1 to 5. 6]), and a high level of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (at least 10,000 IU/L) when ectopic pregnancy was suspected (odds ratio 2.9 [1. 5 to 5.6]). The overall cumulative frequency of intrauterine pregnancy was not significantly lower after tubal rupture (adjusted risk ratio 0.85 [0.53 to 1.38]). CONCLUSION: Although tubal rupture seriously affects the immediate health of the women concerned, it seems to have no independent effect on subsequent fertility. Better knowledge of the risk factors should make it possible to identify those women who will not benefit from nonsurgical treatment.
Assuntos
Fertilidade , Gravidez Tubária/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Gonadotropina Coriônica Humana Subunidade beta/sangue , Feminino , Seguimentos , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Modelos Logísticos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Razão de Chances , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Ruptura EspontâneaRESUMO
Experimental studies indicated that long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids may increase sensitivity of mammary tumours to several cytotoxic drugs. To evaluate this hypothesis in breast cancer, we have prospectively studied the association between levels of fatty acids stored in breast adipose tissue and the response of the tumour to chemotherapy in 56 patients with an initially localized breast carcinoma. Adipose breast tissue was obtained at the time of biopsy, and individual fatty acids were measured as a percentage of total fatty acids using capillary gas chromatography. Patients then received primary chemotherapy, combining mitoxantrone, vindesine, cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil every 4 weeks. Tumour size was reassessed after three cycles of chemotherapy. Tumour response was evaluated according to World Health Organization criteria. Complete or partial response to chemotherapy was achieved in 26 patients (47%). Level of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in adipose tissue was higher in the group of patients with complete or partial response to chemotherapy than in patients with no response or with tumour progression (P < 0.004). Among n-3 polyunsaturated, only docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3) was significantly associated with tumour response (P < 0.005). In a logistic regression analysis taking into account age, body mass index and tumour size, 22:6 n-3 level proved to be an independent predictor for chemosensitivity (P = 0.03). These results suggest that, in breast cancer, 22:6 n-3 may increase the response of the tumour to the cytotoxic agents used.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo/metabolismo , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Análise Multivariada , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Exogenous polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate the cytotoxic activity of anti-cancer drugs. In this study, we examined whether lipid peroxidation is a potential mechanism through which fatty acids enhance drug cytotoxicity. We measured cell viability in the human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 exposed to doxorubicin in the presence of non-cytotoxic concentrations of various polyunsaturated fatty acids for 6 days. To determine the role of lipid peroxidation, the hydroperoxide level was measured in cell extracts. Among all polyunsaturated fatty acids tested, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) was the most potent in increasing doxorubicin cytotoxicity: cell viability decreased from 54% in the presence of 10(-7) M doxorubicin alone to 21% when cells were incubated with doxorubicin and DHA. After addition of an oxidant system (sodium ascorbate/2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) to cells incubated with doxorubicin and DHA, cell viability further decreased to 12%. Cell hydroperoxides increased commensurately. The effect of DHA on doxorubicin activity and lipid hydroperoxide formation was abolished by a lipid peroxidation inhibitor (dl-alpha-tocopherol) or when oleic acid (a non-peroxidizable fatty acid) was used in place of DHA. No effect was observed with mitoxantrone, a drug with a low peroxidation-generating potential. Thus, DHA may increase the efficacy of oxyradical-producing drugs through a mechanism involving a generation of lipoperoxides. This may lead in vivo to a modulation of tumor cell chemosensitivity by DHA and oxidant agents.
Assuntos
Doxorrubicina/administração & dosagem , Ácidos Graxos Insaturados/administração & dosagem , Peróxidos Lipídicos/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Ácidos Docosa-Hexaenoicos/farmacologia , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Humanos , Oxidantes/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
The purpose of this study, based on data from the register of ectopic pregnancy in Auvergne (centre of France), is to identify risk factors of recurrence of ectopic pregnancy (EP). The social characteristics, gynaecological, surgical and reproductive history and conditions of the conception of 96 women with a previous EP were compared to those for 566 women without previous EP. Risk factors associated with the management of the first EP could not be analysed with the data available. Several factors increased the risk of recurrence: previous proved or suspected salpingitis (OR = 3.6), maternal smoking (OR = 1.7 to 2.0 according to the consumption level), maternal age greater than 30 (OR = 2.0), and previous recurrent spontaneous abortions (SA) among childless women (OR = 3.4 to 11.9 according to the number of SA). The last of these factors may reflect another unknown risk factors common to recurrent SA and recurrent EP (for example hormonal or karyotype factors). Previous use of intra uterine device is associated with a decrease in the risk of recurrence of EP (OR = 0.27), but this contraceptive method should be considered as an indicator of good fertility rather than as a protective factor for EP recurrence.
Assuntos
Aborto Espontâneo/complicações , Dispositivos Intrauterinos/efeitos adversos , Gravidez Ectópica/etiologia , Salpingite/complicações , Fumar/efeitos adversos , Adolescente , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Feminino , França , Humanos , Idade Materna , Gravidez , Gravidez de Alto Risco , Recidiva , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Because lipoperoxides seem able to modulate tumor growth, we have examined the concomitant effects of dietary antioxidant (vitamin E) and of a high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in a model of chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Two groups of rats received a high fat diet with or without added vitamin E and mammary tumors were initiated in both groups by an injection of carcinogen. Tumor growth was followed in both groups. We found that tumor incidence and growth were decreased in rats with no added vitamin E in diet, suggesting a protective role of oxidized PUFA at later stages of carcinogenesis.
Assuntos
Gorduras Insaturadas na Dieta , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/induzido quimicamente , Vitamina E/farmacologia , Animais , Feminino , Neoplasias Mamárias Experimentais/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the course and frequency of ectopic pregnancy in a single population for a prolonged period in order to study the simultaneous changes in distribution of risk factors, identify new risk factors and evaluate the effect of new diagnostic and therapeutic methods on subsequent fertility and the effectiveness of preventive measures. METHODS: All women residing in the Registry zone and treated surgically or medically for ectopic pregnancy were included in the study and followed to the age of 45 years. RESULTS: In 1992, the incidence of ectopic pregnancy was 20.2 per 1,000 live births (n = 160). At least one currently recognized risk factor was found in 80% of the women. A past history of salpingitis was noted in 13% and nearly one half smoked or had smoked at the time of conception. Nineteen percent had a past history of pelvic surgery and 19% had a history of infertility. The ectopic pregnancy recorded was the second one in 9%. Nearly one-third of the ectopic pregnancies recorded (31%) were diagnosed in patients with a intrauterine device. None of these latter patients had other risk factors. Vaginal echography was used for diagnosis in 75% of the cases. Surgery was used as first intention treatment in 94% and medical treatment (methotrexate) was used in 6%.
Assuntos
Gravidez Ectópica/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , França/epidemiologia , Humanos , Dispositivos Intrauterinos , Gravidez , Gravidez Ectópica/terapia , Sistema de Registros , Fatores de Risco , Salpingite/epidemiologia , Fumar , Condições SociaisRESUMO
Stem cells of the embryonal carcinoma cell line called H6 can be induced to differentiate to endoderm-like cells by retinoic acid (3 X 10(-6) M). We have detected a diffusible and stable factor which is secreted by H6 endoderm-like cells and stimulates the growth of H6 stem cells. The stimulation by the endoderm-like cells is considerably greater than that by mouse fibroblasts or H6 stem cells themselves. No reciprocal stimulation of endoderm-like cells by stem cells occurs. Part but not all of the stimulation might be due to extracellular matrix proteins or to insulin-like growth factor type 2, each of which also stimulates the growth of H6 stem cells. Insulin causes no such stimulation.