Neem leaf glycoprotein salvages T cell functions from Myeloid-derived suppressor cells-suppression by altering IL-10/STAT3 axis in melanoma tumor microenvironment.

Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) suppress antitumor immune functions. We have observed that an immunomodulator, neem leaf glycoprotein (NLGP), inhibits tumor-resident MDSCs and enhances antitumor CD8+ T cell immunity. NLGP inhibits the number as well as functions of tumor-resident MDSCs (Gr1±CD11b±) and enhances antitumor CD8± T cell immunity by downregulating arginase 1 and inducible nitric oxide synthase production in MDSCs. Accordingly, decreased T cell anergy and helper to regulatory T cell conversion have been observed in the presence of NLGP, which ultimately augments T cell functions. Mechanistically, NLGP-mediated rectification of T cell suppressive functions of MDSCs was primarily associated with downregulation of the interleukin (IL)-10/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling axis within the tumor microenvironment, as confirmed by knockdown of STAT3 (by STAT3-siRNA) and using IL-10-/- mice. Thus, NLGP-mediated suppression of MDSC functions in tumor hosts is appeared to be another associated effective mechanism for the eradication of murine melanoma by NLGP.

Pleomorphic adenoma of the base of the tongue--a case report.

Pleomorphic adenoma of the base of the tongue is a rare tumour. A case of a 40-year-old female with pleomorphic adenoma of the tongue base is reported here, with a review of the literature. Complete excision of the mass was done transorally under general anaesthesia.

Wegener's granuloma - a case report.

A 75-year-old man presented with nasal obstruction, purulent nasal discharge, crusting and a reddish ulcerated swelling over nose and upper lip. There was external nasal deformity. Histology of the lesions showed necrotic granulomatous vasculitis. There was no other systemic involvement. ANCA test was negative. The patient responded well to prednisolone and cyclophosphamide.

Neurofibroma of the external ear - a case report.

Neurofibromas are relatively common tumours of the nervous system, but only a few cases involving the external ear have been reported. We are reporting here a case of a 20-year-old female with neurofibroma of the external ear. The primary complaint was cosmetic deformity. There was partial occlusion of the external auditory canal. The swelling was excised by postauricular approach. Surgery resulted in an excellent functional and cosmetic outcome.

Malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity-A case report.

Mucosal melanoma of the nasal cavity is a rare tumour. Here we have reported a case of 54-year-old male patient presented with the black mass coming out from right nasal cavity and occasional slight bleeding from the mass. The tumour was excised by lateral rhinotomy. The surgery was followed by radiotherapy.

Parapharyngeal second branchial cyst: A case report.

Branchial cleft cysts extending to the lateral wall of the pharynx are rare. An eight year old female child presented with a cystic swelling in the left parotid region. A bluish cyst was seen anterior to the anterior pillar of left tonsil. CT scan showed the cyst extending into left parapharyngeal space. External part of the cyst was excised via a transcervical approach and the internal part was marsupalised per orally.

Rhinoplasty and young's operation in atrophic rhinitis.

Rhinoplasty in atrophic rhinitis is a difficult surgery because the dorsal skin is adherent to the underlying structures. There is also more chance of postoperative injection. Our experience of various types of rhinoplasly in 25 atrophic rhinitis patients are presented here. The patients were from the age group 16 to 35 years. Most of the operations were done under local anaesthesia. Commonest graft used was conchal cartilage. Bone graft was avoided for augmentation because of its high rate of absorption in atrophic rhinitis. In 10 patients Young's operation was done in one side along with rhinoplasty. Young's operation was done only with skin layer.