Phytochemical profiling, antidiabetic, antitumoral and cytotoxic potential of Psidium cattleianum Afzel. ex Sabine leaves of red variety.

In this study, phytochemical profiling, and antidiabetic, antitumoral and cytotoxic potential of aqueous extracts of leaves of red variety of Psidium cattleianum Afzel. ex Sabine were investigated. The extracts were obtained using a cellulase complex. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) were determined, and the individual phenolic compounds were quantified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. For the TPC, the amounts varied from 85.91 to 106.33 mg EAG g-1. Eighteen compounds have been identified. The compounds with the highest concentrations were gallic acid, quercetin and protocatechuic acid. Antidiabetic activity was obtained through α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibition tests. The extract inhibited 17.94% of α-amylase activity and 73.34% of α-glucosidase activity. The antitumoral activity in cells of cutaneous melanoma (SK-MEL-28) and the cytotoxic activity was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The cellular migration was determined for cells SK-MEL-28. Antitumoral effects on cells SK-MEL-28 were observed and the absence of cytotoxicity on the PBMCs.

Physicochemical characterization of fruits of Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg (Myrtaceae)

Belonging to the family Myrtaceae, ‘sete capotes’ is a plant native to the Atlantic Forest biome. It produces yellow-green fruits between February and May. Although used for consumption by local populations, studies of the fruit are rare. The present work aimed at characterize the fruit in terms of physicochemical properties. We quantified mass, volume, moisture, pulp yield, pH, titratable acidity, soluble solids/titratable acidity, proteins, lipids, total sugars, reducing sugars, ash, macronutrients, micronutrients, pectin, vitamin C and phenolic compounds. Compared with commercial fruits and other native fruit trees, sete capotes is unusual for its pulp yield, vitamin C levels, total phenolic compound content, protein levels, calcium content, potassium levels and iron content. Through the results it is verified of the fruit as a functional food, mainly because of its nutritive content and because of its bioactive compounds. Our data emphasize the importance of study of the constituents of native flora.

Sample size for estimate the average of Passiflora caerulea fruits traits / Dimensionamento amostral para estimação da média de caracteres de frutos de Passiflora caerulea

ABSTRACT: The aim of this research was to determine the sample size needed to estimate the average of wild passion fruit ( Passiflora caerulea ) traits. It was collected randomly, 133, 99 and 133 fruit of wild passion fruit in 30, 21 and 29 plants, located respectively, in the cities of São Borja, Itaqui and Uruguaiana, on the west border of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, totaling 365 fruits harvested in 80 plants. In each fruit were measured ten traits: width, length, fruit, skin, and pulp weight, pulp yield, luminosity and tone of skin and pulp. Then, central tendency, dispersion and distribution measures were calculated and the normality of the data checked. After, it was determined the sample size needed to estimate the average for each character, assuming estimation errors equal to 1, 2, ..., 10% of the mean estimate with confidence levels of 95% and 99%. In wild passion fruit, 12 fruits are sufficient to estimate the mean of luminosity and tone of the skin and pulp, with an estimation error of 5% of the mean and 95% confidence, regardless of the evaluation location (São Borja, Itaqui or Uruguaiana). In this same level of accuracy 36 fruits are needed to estimate the width and length, 52 fruits to estimate the pulp yield and 319 fruits for the evaluation of the fruit, skin and pulp weight.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o tamanho de amostra necessário para a estimação da média de caracteres de frutos de maracujá-do-mato ( Passiflora caerulea ). Foram colhidos, aleatoriamente, 133, 99 e 133 frutos de maracujá-do-mato em 30, 21 e 29 plantas localizadas, respectivamente, nos municípios de São Borja, Itaqui e Uruguaiana, na fronteira oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil, totalizando 365 frutos colhidos em 80 plantas. Em cada fruto, foram mensurados dez caracteres: largura, comprimento, massa do fruto, da casca e da polpa, rendimento de polpa, luminosidade e tonalidade da casca e da polpa. A seguir, foram calculadas medidas de tendência central, de dispersão e de distribuição e verificada a normalidade dos dados. Posteriormente, foi determinado o tamanho de amostra necessário para a estimação da média de cada caractere, assumindo erros de estimação iguais a 1, 2, ..., 10% da estimativa da média com graus de confiança de 95% e 99%. Em maracujá-do-mato, 12 frutos são suficientes para a estimação da média de luminosidade e tonalidade da casca e da polpa, com erro de estimação de 5% da média e 95% de confiança, independentemente do local de avaliação (São Borja, Itaqui ou Uruguaiana). Nesse mesmo nível de precisão, são necessários 36 frutos para a estimação da largura e do comprimento, 52 frutos para a estimação da média de rendimento de polpa e 319 frutos para a avaliação das massas do fruto, da casca e da polpa.

Enraizamento de estacas do porta-enxerto de marmeleiro (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) cv. EMC, em diferentes substratos, concentrações de ácido indolbutírico e enxertia de raiz / Effect of substrate, indolebutyric acid and root grafting on the propagation of quince (Cydonia oblonga MILL.) cultivar emc by cuttings

Com este trabalho, objetivou-se testar técnicas para o enraizamento de microestacas lenhosas de marmeleiro cv. EMC por meio de diferentes substratos, concentrações de ácido indolbutírico (AIB) e a enxertia de raiz. Foram realizados dois experimentos; no experimento 1 testou-se concentrações de AIB (0, 1000, 2000 e 3000 mg.L-1) e no experimento 2 enxertia de raiz (com e sem enxertia de raiz). Para ambos os experimentos as estacas foram acondicionadas em três substratos (vermiculita, Plantmaxâ e vermiculita + Plantmaxâ, em proporção de volume de 1:1) e avaliado o número e comprimento de raízes e brotos por estacas, percentual de estacas enraizadas e, percentual de sobrevivência a campo. No experimento 1, verificou-se resposta linear positiva para número médio de raízes e negativo para número e comprimento de brotações e sobrevivência a campo, enquanto que nas variáveis comprimento médio de raízes e porcentagem de enraizamento, observou-se comportamento polinomial quadrático, com melhor resposta obtida com 1354 e 2119 mg.L-1 de AIB, respectivamente. No experimento 2, verificou-se que a utilização de vermiculita + Plantmaxâ apresentou maior número de raízes por estaca, quando utilizada enxertia de raiz, porém menor comprimento de brotos. A campo, a melhor resposta foi obtida nas plantas sem enxertia de raiz e oriundas do substrato vermiculita, 93,75 por cento.

The objective for this study was to evaluate the effects of different substrates, concentrations of indolebutyric acid (IBA), and root grafting on the rooting of quince (Cydonia oblonga Mill.) cv. EMC hardwood cuttings. Two experiments were carried out. In the experiment 1, four concentrations of IBA (0; 1000; 2000 and 3000 mg.L-1) were tested. In the experiment 2, cuttings with or without root grafting were tested. In both experiments the cuttings were placed in one of the three substrates: vermiculite; Plantmax® ; or Plantmax® + vermiculite, 1:1 (v/v). The variables evaluated were: root length; number of shoots per cutting; percentage of rooted cuttings; and percentage of survival of rooted cuttings in the field. In the experiment 1, it was observed: a positive linear relation between IBA concentration and number of roots per cutting. On the other hand, there were negative linear relations between IBA concentration and: number of shoots; shoot length; and rooted cutting survival, respectively. Regarding to number of roots per cutting and percentage of rooted cuttings, both variables presented quadratic relation with IBA concentrations. The thresholds for root length was 1534 mg.L-1 of IBA and rooted cuttings percentage was 2119 mg.L-1 of IBA. In the experiment 2, it was observed that: root grafted cuttings had higher number of roots and lower shoot lengths when used the substrate Plantmax® + vermiculite. In the field, the highest plant survival (93.75 percent) was observed in those from direct rooting cuttings in the vermiculite substrate.