Chemical and Antioxidant Properties of Solvent and Enzyme-Assisted Extracts of Fucus vesiculosus and Porphyra dioica.

Extraction strategies impact the efficiency and nature of extracted compounds. This work assessed the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of ethanolic, hydroethanolic, and aqueous versus enzyme-assisted extracts (isolated or with the sequential use of alcalase®, cellulase®, and viscozyme®) of the macroalgae Fucus vesiculosus (brown, Phaeophyceae) and Porphyra dioica (red, Rhodophyta. For both macroalgae, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) was the most efficient process compared to solvent-assisted extraction (SAE), independent of solvent. Fucus vesiculosus extraction yields were higher for EAE than for SAE (27.4% to 32.2% and 8.2% to 30.0%, respectively). Total phenolics content (TPC) was at least 10-fold higher in EAE extracts (229.2 to 311.3 GAE/gextract) than in SAE (4.34 to 19.6 GAE/gextract) counterparts and correlated well with antioxidant capacity (ABTS and ORAC methods), with EAE achieving values up to 8- and 2.6-fold higher than those achieved by SAE, respectively. Porphyra dioica followed F. vesiculosus's trend for extraction yields (37.5% to 51.6% for EAE and 5.7% to 35.1% for SAE), TPC, although of a lower magnitude, (0.77 to 8.95 GAE/gextract for SE and 9.37 to 14.73 GAE/gextract for EAE), and antioxidant capacity. Aqueous extracts registered the highest DPPH values for both macroalgae, with 2.3 µmol TE/gextract and 13.3 µmol TE/gextract for F. vesiculosus and P. dioica, respectively. EAE was a more efficient process in the extraction of soluble protein and reducing sugars in comparison to SAE. Furthermore, an improved effect of enzyme-assisted combinations was observed for almost all analyzed parameters. This study shows the promising application of enzyme-assisted extraction for the extraction of valuable compounds from F. vesiculosus and P.dioica, making them excellent functional ingredients for a wide range of health and food industrial applications.

It comes from the sea: macroalgae-derived bioactive compounds with anti-cancer potential.

Nature derived compounds represent a valuable source of bioactive molecules with enormous potential. The sea is one of the richest environments, full of skilled organisms, where algae stand out due to their unique characteristics. Marine macroalgae adapt their phenotypic characteristics, such as chemical composition, depending on the environmental conditions where they live. The compounds produced by these organisms show tremendous potential to be used in the biomedical field, due to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and anti-cancer properties.Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world, and the lack of effective treatments highlights the urgent need for the development of new therapeutic strategies. This review provides an overview of the current advances regarding the anti-cancer activity of the three major groups of marine macroalgae, i.e., red algae (Rhodophyta), brown algae (Phaeophyceae), and green algae (Chlorophyta) on pancreatic, lung, breast, cervical, colorectal, liver, and gastric cancers as well as leukemia and melanoma. In addition, future perspectives, and limitations regarding this field of work are also discussed.

Anti-obesity potential of a yogurt functionalized with a CLNA-rich pomegranate oil.

Pomegranate oil is rich in conjugated linolenic acids, compounds which have attracted attention due to their potential applicability in obesity management as they are capable of modulating leptin and adiponectin secretion and regulate fatty acids storage and glucose metabolism. Among the possible bioactive foodstuffs capable of delivering these bioactive compounds yogurts have shown potential. Thus, the purpose of this work was to develop functional yogurts through the addition of pomegranate oil either in its free or encapsulated (used as a protective strategy against oxidation and gastrointestinal tract passage) forms. To that end, the pomegranate oil (free and encapsulated) was incorporated in yogurt and the functional yogurt capacity to modulate hepatic lipid accumulation, adipocyte metabolism (in terms of lipolysis, and adipokines secretion) and immune response was evaluated. The results obtained showed that the pomegranate oil's incorporation led to an improvement in the yogurts' nutritional values, with a reduction in its atherogenic and thrombogenic indexes (more than 78% for atherogenic and 76% for thrombogenic index) and an enhancement of its hypocholesterolemic/hypercholesterolemic ratio (more than 62%) when compared to the control yogurt. Furthermore, data also showed for the first time how these functional yogurts promoted modulation of metabolic processes post GIT as they were capable of reducing by 40% triglycerides accumulation in steatosis-induced Hep G2 cells and by 30 % in differentiated adipocytes. Moreover, samples also showed a capacity to modulate the leptin and adiponectin secretion (56 % of increase in adiponectin) and reduce the IL-6 secretion (ca 44%) and TNF-α (ca 12%) in LPS-stimulated cells. Thus, the CLNA-rich yogurt here developed showed potential as a viable nutraceutical alternative for obesity management.

Optimization of Enzyme-Assisted Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Leaves: Evaluation of Mixed-Culture Fermentation.

Hippophae rhamnoides L. leaves possess a remarkable amount of polyphenols that could serve as a natural remedy in various applications. In comparison, numerous techniques, such as conventional and high-pressure techniques, are available for extracting the bioactive fractions from sea buckthorn leaves (SBL). However, enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE) of SBL has not been comprehensively studied. The aim of this study was to optimize critical EAE parameters of SBL using the cellulolytic enzyme complex, Viscozyme L, to obtain a high-yield extract with a high concentration of bioactive compounds. In order to determine the optimal conditions for EAE, the study employed a central composite design and response surface methodology to analyze the effects of four independent factors (pH, temperature, extraction time, and enzyme concentration) on two different responses. Our findings indicated that under optimal conditions (3:15 h extraction, temperature 45 °C, pH 4.9, and 1% Viscozyme L v/w of leaves DW), EAE yielded 28.90 g/100 g DW of the water-soluble fraction. Furthermore, the EAE-optimized liquid extract was continuously fermented using an ancient fermentation starter, Tibetan kefir grains, which possess lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and have significant potential for use in biopreservation. Interestingly, the results indicated various potential prebiotic characteristics of LAB. Additionally, alterations in the cell wall morphology of the SBL residue after EAE were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study significantly optimized EAE parameters for sea buckthorn leaves, providing a promising natural source of bioactive compounds for various applications, such as nutraceuticals, functional foods, and high-value products.

Is There More to Olive Oil than Healthy Lipids?

The Mediterranean diet is a healthy dietary pattern whose main characteristic is olive oil consumption. The potential health benefits of olive oil have been extensively investigated and the present review provides the more recent clinical evidence supporting the positive impact of olive oil intake on human health. PubMed (n = 227) and Scopus (n = 308) databases were searched for published clinical studies in English over the past six years (October 2016 to December 2022), following key word searches of "olive oil" and "health". Major findings associated olive oil with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, improvement in endothelial function and lipid profile, prevention of obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, and modulation of the gut microbiota. These benefits are attributed to the nutritional composition of olive oil, which has a high content of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) (oleic acid in particular) and minor compounds such as polyphenols (oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol). Although additional research continues to be required, the more recently generated evidence supports the potential of olive oil to contribute beneficially to health and to the prevention and management of a variety of non-communicable diseases, as a consequence of the synergism between its components' complexity.

Understanding the Anti-Obesity Potential of an Avocado Oil-Rich Cheese through an In Vitro Co-Culture Intestine Cell Model.

Nowadays, with consumers' requirements shifting towards more natural solutions and the advent of nutraceutical-based approaches, new alternatives for obesity management are being developed. This work aimed to show, for the first time, the potential of avocado oil-fortified cheese as a viable foodstuff for obesity management through complex in vitro cellular models. The results showed that oleic and palmitic acids' permeability through the Caco-2/HT29-MTX membrane peaked at the 2h mark, with the highest apparent permeability being registered for oleic acid (0.14 cm/s). Additionally, the permeated compounds were capable of modulating the metabolism of adipocytes present in the basal compartment, significantly reducing adipokine (leptin) and cytokine (MPC-1, IL-10, and TNF-α) production. The permeates (containing 3.30 µg/mL of palmitic acid and 2.16 µg/mL of oleic acid) also presented an overall anti-inflammatory activity upon Raw 264.7 macrophages, reducing IL-6 and TNF-α secretion. Despite in vivo assays being required, the data showed the potential of a functional dairy product as a valid food matrix to aid in obesity management.

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potential of Five Algae Cultivated in Fully Controlled Closed Systems.

In this study, the chemical composition and antioxidant profile of five edible macroalgae, Fucus vesiculosus, Palmaria palmata, Porphyra dioica, Ulva rigida, and Gracilaria gracilis, cultivated in fully controlled closed systems, were determined. Protein, carbohydrates, and fat contents ranged between 12.4% and 41.8%, 27.6% and 42.0%, and 0.1% and 3.4%, respectively. The tested seaweeds presented considerable amounts of Ca, Mg, K, Mn, and Fe, which reinforce their favorable nutritional profile. Regarding their polysaccharide composition, Gracilaria gracilis and Porphyra dioica were rich in sugars common to agar-producing red algae, and Fucus vesiculosus was composed mainly of uronic acids, mannose, and fucose, characteristic of alginate and fucoidans, whereas rhamnose and uronic acid, characteristic of ulvans, predominated in Ulva rigida. Comparatively, the brown F. vesiculosus clearly stood out, presenting a high polysaccharide content rich in fucoidans, and higher total phenolic content and antioxidant scavenging activity, determined by DPPH and ABTS. The remarkable potential of these marine macroalgae makes them excellent ingredients for a wide range of health, food, and industrial applications.

Microbial Conjugated Linolenic Acid-Enriched Fermented Milk Using Lipase-Hydrolyzed Flaxseed Oil: Biochemical, Organoleptic and Storage Traits.

The bioactive conjugated linolenic acid (CLNA) can be microbiologically produced by different probiotic strains when in the presence of α-linolenic acid (α-LNA). Food matrices are a good vector, such as has been previously demonstrated with fermented milk enriched with microbial CLNA by Bifidobacterium breve DSM 20091 from lipase-hydrolyzed flaxseed oil. The aim of the present work was to further assess the nutritional, biochemical and organoleptic properties of the developed dairy product, as well as its storage stability throughout 28 days at 4 °C, proving its suitability for consumption. Milk lactose hydrolyzed into glucose (0.89 g/100 g) and galactose (0.88 g/100 g), which were further metabolized into lactic (0.42 g/100 g), acetic (0.44 g/100 g) and propionic (0.85 g/100 g) acids. Titratable acidity reached 0.69% and pH 4.93. Compared with the control (no CLNA), fat content was slightly higher (2.0 g/100 g). Acetic acid was the major volatile (83.32%), lacking important dairy flavor contributors, like acetaldehyde. Sensory analysis revealed predominant astringency and bitterness. No microbial concerns arose during storage, but the CLNA content increased, and some saturated fatty acids seemed to oxidize. In conclusion, the CLNA-enriched fermented milk revealed reasonable compositional properties, yet further improvements are needed for optimal consumer acceptance and a prolonged shelf-life.

Exploring Freeze-Drying as Strategy to Enhance Viability of Faecalibacterium duncaniae DSM 17677 upon Aerobic Storage and Gastrointestinal Conditions

Faecalibacterium duncaniae is an intestinal commensal bacterium proposed as a next-generation probiotic due to its promising outcomes in the treatment and prevention of several human diseases, which demonstrate its multiple contributions to the host's health. However, its strict anaerobic nature has created several hurdles in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and biotherapeutic products. Herein, we explored freeze-dried formulations containing prebiotics, cryoprotectants, and antioxidant agents as a technological strategy to enhance the viability of F. duncaniae DSM 17677 upon aerobic storage and gastrointestinal tract conditions. Our results indicate that freeze-dried F. duncaniae in a matrix containing inulin, sucrose, cysteine, and riboflavin survived at levels higher than 106 CFU/g and around 105 CFU/g after 1 and 4 days of aerobic storage at room temperature, respectively. Thus, the freeze-dried formulation with inulin, sucrose, cysteine, and riboflavin presents as a protective strategy to improve F. duncaniae viability under aerobic environments. Nevertheless, incorporation of a suitable coating aimed at protecting F. duncaniae against the detrimental gastrointestinal passage effects is urgently required, given its high susceptibility to extreme acidic pH values and bile.

Development and Characterization of a Novel Sustainable Probiotic Goat Whey Cheese Containing Second Cheese Whey Powder and Stabilized with Thyme Essential Oil and Sodium Citrate.

Probiotic goat whey cheeses with added second cheese whey powder (SCWP) were developed, resulting in creamy and spreadable products. The products contained Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Bifidobacterium animalis, as well as thyme essential oil and sodium citrate. Matrices of probiotic whey cheeses, with and without additives, were produced and stored at 5 °C for 21 days. Microbial and chemical profiles were evaluated weekly. The composition of the optimum matrix, formulated with whey cheese, probiotic culture, SCWP, thyme essential oil and sodium citrate (WCPSTC) was, expressed in % (w/w): protein (10.78 ± 0.08), fat (7.59 ± 0.03), dry matter (25.64 ± 0.13), ash (2.81 ± 0.02) and lactose (3.16 ± 0.04). Viable cell numbers of both probiotic cultures in matrix WCPSTC remained above 107 CFU g-1. This finding is of the utmost importance since it proves that both probiotic bacteria, citrate and thyme essential oil can be combined in order to increase the shelf-life and functional value of dairy products. All matrices' pH values decreased during storage, yet only matrix WCPSTC remained above 5.0 pH units. The results indicated that the development of a probiotic whey cheese incorporating a dairy by-product, SCWP, is possible without compromising its chemical, microbiological or sensorial stability.

Produção científica sobre fluorose em regiões endêmicas: estudo bibliométrico de Anais das Reuniões da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica / Scientific production on fluorosis in endemic regions: bibliometric study of Meeting Annals of the Brazilian Society of Dental Research

Objetivo: Identificar os resumos publicados nas Reuniões Anuais da Sociedade Brasileira de Pesquisa Odontológica sobre fluorose em regiões endêmicas e verificar a contribuição da Ciência Brasileira para o assunto. Métodos: Este estudo descritivo foi realizado com dados secundários do período entre 2005 e 2020; os estudos elegíveis foram identificados a partir dos descritores presentes no título e/ou resumo: flúor, fluorose, fluorose dental, fluorose dentária, fluoretação, intoxicação por flúor. Critérios de inclusão: estudos em regiões declaradas como de fluorose endêmica ou que citassem o teor de flúor acima de 0,8 mg F/L. Foram excluídos estudos que não declarassem estudar fluorose em regiões endêmicas ou não citassem o teor de flúor na água. Os dados foram coletados por dois examinadores de modo independente e a distribuição de frequências dos dados foi realizada (Microsoft Excel para Mac v.16.16.12). Resultados: Observou-se que de 41.953 resumos publicados durante esses 15 anos, 1190 (2,83%) foram elegíveis; 426 (1,01%) abordaram especificamente o tema fluorose e24 (0,06%) a fluorose em regiões endêmicas. Os assuntos abordados envolveram tratamento (n = 4; 14,81%); desenvolvimento de programas de promoção de saúde bucal (n = 2; 7,69%);avaliação da potabilidade da água (n = 2; 7,41%); implementação de sistemas de desfluoretação (n = 2; 7,41%); prevalência e severidade (n = 2; 7,41%); distribuição da fluorose na dentição (n = 1, 3,70%); impacto na qualidade de vida (n = 2; 7,41%); percepçãoestética(n = 5; 18,52%); uso e ingestão de flúor (n = 3; 11,11%); fluorose óssea (n = 2; 7,41%); análise da possibilidade de alteração no padrão cognitivo (n = 1; 3,70%), nas funções motoras e no equilíbrio (n=1; 3,70%).Conclusão: Diferentes aspectos relacionados à fluorose em região endêmica foram abordados. A Ciência Brasileira tem se dedicado ao tema ao longo dos anos. Entretanto, há um número restrito de estudos, em especial sobre a relação dose-reposta.

Aim: Identify the abstracts published at the Brazilian Society for Dental Research's Annual Meetings regarding Fluorosis in endemic regions, as well as verify the contribution of Brazilian science to the subject. Methods:This descriptive study was conducted using secondary data from the period between 2005 and 2020; the eligible studies were identified from the descriptors present in the title and/or abstract, as follows: fluoride, fluorosis, dental fluorosis, dental fluorosis, fluoridation, fluoride poisoning. Inclusion criteria: studies in regions with endemic fluorosis were included. Studies that did not address fluorosis in endemic regions were excluded. Data were collected by two independent examiners and the distribution frequency of the data was performed (Microsoft Excel for Mac v.16.16.12). Results: It was observed that of the 41,953 abstracts published during these 15 years, 1,190 (2.83%) were eligible; 426 (1.01%) specifically addressed the theme of fluorosis, and of these, 24 (0.06%) reported on fluorosis in endemic regions. The subjects addressed involved treatment (n = 4; 14.41%), the development of oral health promotion programs (n = 2; 7.41%), the evaluation of water potability (n = 2; 7.41%), the implementation of defluoridation systems (n = 2; 7.41%), prevalence and severity (n = 2; 7.41%), the distribution of fluorosis in dentition (n = 1, 3.70%), impacts on the quality of life (n = 2; 7.41%), esthetic perceptions (n = 4; 18.52%), fluoride use and ingestion (n = 3; 11.11%), bone fluorosis (n = 2; 7.41%), the analysis of alterations in the cognitive pattern (n = 1; 3.70%) and change in motor functions and balance (n=1; 3,70%).Conclusion: Different aspects related to fluorosis in an endemic region were addressed. Brazilian Science has been devoted to the theme over the years; however, there have been a limited number of studies published in the literature concerning the dose-response ratio.

Atenção primária à saúde abrangente: ampliando acesso para uma enfermagem forte e resolutiva / Comprehensive primary health care: expanding access for strong and resolute nursing / Atención primaria de salud integral: ampliar el acceso a una enfermería sólida y decidida

Objetivo: contextualizar a vivência profissional de enfermeiros na perspectiva da Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem, com foco no fortalecimento da Atenção Primária à Saúde e na ampliação do acesso resolutivo e de qualidade. Método: trata-se de estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, do tipo relato de experiência, sobre vivência de enfermeiros na implantação participativa dos protocolos de enfermagem no município de Florianópolis ­ Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: a experiência profissional compreendeu as seguintes fases: Definição de Stakeholders, Alinhamento Conceitual, Aplicação de Questionário - levantamento da expertise dos profissionais, Estabelecimento de Premissas Gerais, Validação dos Protocolos, Monitoramento e Avaliação do Processo, e Disposições Gerais. Trata-se de uma prática com possibilidade de replicação, sustentável na medida em que a Comissão Permanente de Enfermagem se fortalece e agrega profissionais com visão de rede e com foco no cuidado ao paciente. Conclusão: observou-se o avanço da atuação do enfermeiro e a ampliação do acesso ao serviço de saúde. Além disso, o uso dos protocolos auxilia na tomada de decisão, com foco na segurança do paciente e respaldo ao profissional com base em princípios éticos da profissão. (AU)

Objective: To contextualize the professional experience of nurses from the perspective of Systematization of Nursing Care, with a focus on strengthening Primary Health Care and expanding access to resolving and quality. Methods: This is a descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, of the experience report type, on the experience of nurses in the participatory implementation of nursing protocols in the city of Florianópolis ­ Santa Catarina, Brazil. Results: The experience reported comprised the following phases: Definition of Stakeholders, Conceptual Alignment, Application of a Questionnaire - to survey the expertise of professionals, Establishment of Premises, Validation of Protocols, Monitoring and Evaluation of the Process, General Provisions. It is a practice with great possibility of replication. It is sustainable insofar as the Nursing Commission is strengthened, bringing together professionals with a network vision and a focus on patient care. Conclusion: It was observed the advance of the nurse's work and the expansion of access to the health service. In addition, the use of protocols can help in decision making, focusing on patient safety and support for the professional based on ethical principles of the profession. (AU)

Objetivo: Contextualizar la experiencia profesional del enfermero desde la perspectiva de la Sistematización de la Atención de Enfermería, con un enfoque en el fortalecimiento de la Atención Primaria de Salud y la ampliación del acceso a la resolución y la calidad. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, con abordaje cualitativo, del tipo relato de experiencia, sobre la experiencia de enfermeras en la implementación participativa de protocolos de enfermería en la ciudad de Florianópolis - Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: La experiencia reportada comprendió las siguientes fases: Definición de Grupos de Interés, Alineación Conceptual, Aplicación de un Cuestionario - relevar la pericia de los profesionales, Establecimiento de Premisas, Validación de Protocolos, Seguimiento y Evaluación del Proceso, y Disposiciones Generales. Es una práctica con gran posibilidad de replicación. Es sostenible en la medida en que se fortalece la Comisión de Enfermería, que reúne a profesionales con visión de red y enfoque en la atención al paciente. Conclusión: Se observó el avance en el rol del enfermero y la ampliación del acceso al servicio de salud. Además, el uso de protocolos puede ayudar en la toma de decisiones, enfocándose en la seguridad del paciente y el apoyo al profesional basado en principios éticos de la profesión. (AU)

Apoio matricial de enfermagem como inovação no cuidado à pessoa com ferida / Matrix support for nursing as an innovation in the care of people with wounds / Apoyo matricial de enfermería como innovación en el cuidado de personas con heridas

Objetivo: relatar a vivência profissional de enfermeiros na implantação do apoio matricial de enfermagem no cuidado à pessoa com ferida na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: relato de experiência acerca da implantação do Apoio Matricial como modelo de atendimento à pessoa com ferida no município de Florianópolis ­ entre junho de 2019 a junho de 2020. Resultados: a implantação trouxe como resultado a ampliação do acesso ao serviço de saúde e o fortalecimento do vínculo entre a equipe da Estratégia Saúde da Família e a pessoa com ferida e seus familiares. Além disso, propiciou a adequada avaliação das lesões, o cuidado compartilhado, o registro clínico das consultas, o monitoramento dos dados, e o devido faturamento dos curativos efetuados. Considerações finais: esse modelo de atendimento trouxe maior resolutividade da Atenção Primária à Saúde a partir da qualificação do atendimento, e melhor gerenciamento das informações em saúde. Este relato busca contribuir para evolução da ciência e estimular a replicabilidade do modelo em outras realidades. (AU)

Objective: To report the professional experience of nurses in the implementation of matrix support in nursing care for people with wounds in Primary Health Care. Methods: Experience report on the implementation of Matrix Support as a model of care for people with wounds in the city of Florianópolis ­ between June 2019 to June 2020. Results: The implementation brought as a result, in addition to the expansion of access to health services and strengthening of the bond between the ESF and the person with the wound and their families, it provided adequate assessment and shared care, the clinical record of consultations, data monitoring and due billing of dressings performed. Conclusión: this service model brought greater resoluteness in Primary Health Care from the qualification of the service, and better management of health information. This report seeks to contribute to the evolution of science and encourage the model's replicability in other realities. (AU)

Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia profesional del enfermero en la implementación del soporte matricial en la atención de enfermería a personas con heridas en Atención Primaria de Salud. Métodos: Relato de experiencia en la implementación del Soporte Matriz como modelo de atención a personas con heridas en la ciudad de Florianópolis - entre junio de 2019 y junio de 2020. Resultados: La implementación trajo como resultado, además de la ampliación del acceso a los servicios de salud y el fortalecimiento del vínculo entre la ESF y la persona con la herida y sus familiares, brindó una adecuada valoración. y la atención compartida, la historia clínica de las consultas, el seguimiento de los datos y la debida facturación de los apósitos realizados. Conclusión: Este modelo de servicio trajo mayor resolución en la Atención Primaria de Salud a partir de la calificación del servicio y una mejor gestión de la información en salud. Este informe busca contribuir a la evolución de la ciencia y fomentar la replicabilidad del modelo en otras realidades. (AU)

Enfrentamento da sífilis a partir da ampliação da clínica do enfermeiro / Fighting syphilis from the widening of nurse ́s clinical skills / Abordar la sífilis desde la expansión de la clínica de enfermeras

Objetivo: relatar a vivência de enfermeiros da Atenção Primária à Saúde, na implantação do Protocolo de ampliação da clínica para o enfrentamento da sífilis. Método: estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, desenvolvido junto aos Centros de Saúde da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Florianópolis - Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: a vivência profissional no processo de implantação do Protocolo de Enfermagem no enfrentamento da sífilis ­ Volume II ­ seguiu as seguintes etapas: revisão das evidências científicas sobre a aplicação da penicilina na Atenção Primária à Saúde; capacitação dos enfermeiros da rede municipal de saúde; acompanhamento e educação permanente dos profissionais; e monitoramento e avaliação de todo o processo. Conclusão: observou-se que no período de três anos desde a publicação do Protocolo Clínico de Enfermagem houve importante aumento na participação clínica do enfermeiro em atendimentos individuais. Tal documento representou um marco na assistência de enfermagem do município, não só pela autonomia proporcionada, mas também pelo importante papel desempenhado na segurança profissional e do paciente. (AU)

Objetive: To report nurses' experience in Primary Health Care, in the implementation of the clinic expansion protocol to fight syphilis. Methods: Descriptive study of the experience report type, developed at the Health Centers of the Municipal Health Department of Florianópolis - Santa Catarina, Brazil. Results: The professional experience in the process of implementing the Nursing Protocol in coping with syphilis ­ Volume II ­ followed the following steps: review of scientific evidence on the application of penicillin in Primary Health Care; training of nurses in the municipal health network; monitoring and continuing education of professionals; and monitoring and evaluation of the entire process. Conclusion: It was observed that in the three year period since the publication of the Clinical Nursing Protocol, there was an important increase in the clinical participation of nurses in individual care. This document represented a milestone in the municipality's nursing care, not only because of the autonomy it provides, but also because of the important role it plays in professional and patient safety. (AU)

Objetivo: Reportar la experiencia de enfermeras de Atención Primaria de Salud, en la implementación del protocolo de ampliación de la clínica para el tratamiento de la sífilis. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo del tipo relato de experiencia, desarrollado en los Centros de Salud del Departamento Municipal de Salud de Florianópolis - Santa Catarina, Brasil. Resultados: La experiencia profesional en el proceso de implementación del Protocolo de Enfermería en el afrontamiento de la sífilis - Volumen II - siguió los siguientes pasos: revisión de la evidencia científica sobre la aplicación de penicilina en Atención Primaria de Salud; formación de enfermeras en la red municipal de salud; seguimiento y formación continua de profesionales; y seguimiento y evaluación de todo el proceso. Conclusión: Se observó que en el trienio transcurrido desde la publicación del Protocolo de Enfermería Clínica, hubo un aumento importante en la participación clínica de los enfermeros en la atención individual. Este documento representó un hito en la atención de enfermería del municipio, no solo por la autonomía que brinda, sino también por el importante papel que juega en la seguridad profesional y del paciente. (AU)

Implantação de Protocolos de Enfermagem para ampliação do acesso na Atenção Primária à Saúde / Implementation of nursing protocols to expand access to primary health care / Implementación de protocolos de enfermería para ampliar el acceso a la atención primaria de salud

Objetivo: descrever a experiência da implantação de protocolos de Enfermagem para a ampliação do acesso na atenção primária à saúde, mediante a qualificação da prática clínica do Enfermeiro. Método: estudo descritivo em formato de relato de experiência. O cenário de estudo é o Estado Santa Catarina, tendo como população alvo as Secretarias Municipais de Saúde do Estado. O Coren/SC firmou parceria com a Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de Florianópolis para utilização dos Protocolos de Enfermagem, criando um Programa de Adesão para os municípios. Resultados: Desde a implantação, o programa recebeu 225 solicitações de adesão dentre os 295 municípios catarinenses. Atingiu um total de 135 municípios com os protocolos de enfermagem implantados e 1.708 Enfermeiros capacitados. A oferta de Consultas de Enfermagem onde não havia atendimento do Enfermeiro, ampliação do acesso dos pacientes, com redução significativa de filas de espera, além do aumento das consultas de Enfermagem e resolutividade das mesmas. Conclusão: Os Protocolos de Enfermagem constituem-se como ferramenta primordial para a efetivação do modelo de Atenção Primária no Estado e como inovação e diferencial para as pessoas atendidas. A adesão aos protocolos permite a valorização e o protagonismo da Enfermagem na Atenção Primária. (AU)

Objective: To describe the experience of implementing nursing protocols to expand access to primary health care, through the qualification of nurses' clinical practice. Methods: Descriptive study in experience report format. The study setting is the State of Santa Catarina, with the Municipal Health Secretariats of the State as the target population. Coren/SC signed a partnership with the Municipal Health Department of Florianópolis for the use of Nursing Protocols, creating an Adhesion Program for the municipalities. Results: Since its implementation, the program has received 225 requests for membership among the 295 municipalities in Santa Catarina. It reached a total of 135 municipalities with implemented nursing protocols and 1,708 trained nurses. The offer of Nursing Appointments where there was no care provided by the Nurse, expansion of access for patients, with a significant reduction in waiting lines, in addition to the increase in Nursing appointments and their resoluteness. Conclusion: The Nursing Protocols constitute a primordial tool for the realization of the Primary Care model in the State and as an innovation and differential for the people served. Adherence to protocols allows the enhancement and protagonism of Nursing in Primary Care. (AU)

Objetivo: Describir la experiencia de implementación de protocolos de enfermería para ampliar el acceso a la atención primaria de salud, a través de la calificación de la práctica clínica del enfermero. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo en formato de relato de experiencia. El escenario del estudio es el Estado de Santa Catarina, con las Secretarías Municipales de Salud del Estado como población objetivo. Coren / SC firmó una alianza con el Departamento de Salud Municipal de Florianópolis para el uso de Protocolos de Enfermería, creando un Programa de Adhesión para los municipios. Resultados: Desde su implementación, el programa ha recibido 225 solicitudes de membresía entre los 295 municipios de Santa Catarina. Llegó a un total de 135 municipios con protocolos de enfermería implementados y 1,708 enfermeras capacitadas. La oferta de Citas de Enfermería donde no hubo atención por parte de la Enfermera, ampliación del acceso de los pacientes, con una reducción significativa de las filas de espera, además del aumento de las citas de Enfermería y su resolución. Conclusión: Los Protocolos de Enfermería constituyen una herramienta primordial para la realización del modelo de Atención Primaria en el Estado y como innovación y diferencial para las personas atendidas. La adherencia a los protocolos permite la potenciación y protagonismo de la Enfermería en Atención Primaria. (AU)

A Starch-Milk Paste Enables the Incorporation of Ripened Cheese in Novel Fresh Cheese.

RESEARCH BACKGROUND: Fresh cheese varieties represent an important share of the whole cheese market. Although with great variability in terms of composition and method of preparation, fresh cheese varieties are bland in flavour and their production originates whey drainage. On the other hand, the cheese market is also responsible for a significant amount of food waste. These motivated the development of a novel fresh cheese incorporating ripened cheese, which can then represent a valorisation of ripened cheese surpluses. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: A variable amount of ripened cheese was dispersed in a paste of gelatinized starch (normal corn or waxy rice) in milk, producing melted cheese bases. These cheese bases were diluted with milk, sometimes enriched with skimmed milk powder, and then renneted. Macronutrient content and physical properties of the resultant fresh cheese were characterized. Sensory analyses of samples incorporating mature Cheddar, goat's or ewe's cheese were carried out. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Gel formation of the initial mixture was hindered above 8% (m/m) incorporation of ripened cheese, which could be overcome by the addition of skimmed milk powder. These observations are corroborated by the hardness values from texture analysis tests. Evaluation of syneresis of different samples enabled to conclude that the addition of 2% (m/m) starch and 2.8% (m/m) skimmed milk powder contributes to reduction of its magnitude by half. Sensory analysis with a consumer panel indicated a preference for a more consistent texture of the fresh cheese, and for the Cheddar flavour. NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION: A novel fresh cheese variety incorporating dispersed ripened cheese was prepared. The proposed method is versatile and quite straightforward and does not use polyphosphate salts or originate whey wastage. The fresh cheese physical and sensorial properties can be manipulated by the amounts and types of added starch, ripened cheese and skimmed milk powder; such tailoring of fresh cheese properties widens product portfolio capacity for a larger number of consumer groups. The added ripened cheese can come from non-sellable pieces and unsold stocks from the retail sector, contributing to a reduction of food waste.

Cessation of the pacifier sucking habit and self-correction of the anterior open bite in the primary dentition: case report / Interrupção do hábito de sucção de chupeta e autocorreção da mordida aberta anterior na dentição decídua: relato de casos

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of play strategies to break the pacifier-sucking habit and induce self-correction of the anterior open bite in the primary dentition. Methods: Data collection took place at the Pediatric Dentistry clinic of a public education institution. Three children, aged between 3 and 4 years old, using a pacifier and presenting with a 2 to 5 mm anterior open bite, participated in the research. Pediatric dental guidance was imparted to educate the family and to provide play strategies for the child by means of an illustrated book about the pacifier fairy. Results: After the first consultation, two children quit their pacifier habit. Subsequent consultations were devoted to positive reinforcement and follow-up of the self-correction of the anterior open bite. The third child required four visits to stop the pacifier habit, but other habits persisted and the open bite was only corrected after intervention by a multidisciplinary team. Conclusions: After receiving orientation from the professionals, the parents/guardians cooperated in stimulating the child, and the play activities were effective in encouraging the child to stop sucking on the pacifier, permitting self-correction of the anterior open bite. Bottle feeding, tongue interposition and mouth breathing may hinder the spontaneous correction of the anterior open bite after the pacifier habit is abandoned, requiring multidisciplinary intervention.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de estratégias lúdicas para interrupção do hábito de sucção de chupeta e a autocorreção da mordida aberta anterior na dentição decídua. Métodos: A coleta dos dados ocorreu na clínica de Odontopediatria de uma instituição pública de ensino. Participaram 03 crianças, de 3-4 anos de idade, em uso de chupeta e apresentando mordida aberta anterior. Foi efetuada orientação para conscientização da família e estratégias lúdicas para a criança, com um livro ilustrado sobre a fada da chupeta. Resultados: Após primeiro atendimento, duas crianças interromperam o hábito de chupeta. As consultas seguintes foram para reforço positivo e acompanhamento da autocorreção da mordida aberta anterior. A terceira criança necessitou de quatro atendimentos para interromper o hábito da chupeta, porém outros hábitos persistiram e a correção da mordida aberta ocorreu após intervenções da equipe multidisciplinar. Conclusão: Após orientação profissional, os pais/responsáveis colaboraram para estimular a criança e os recursos lúdicos foram eficientes para incentivar a criança a interromper a sucção de chupeta, possibilitando autocorreção da mordida aberta anterior. Uso de mamadeira, interposição lingual e respiração bucal podem dificultar a correção espontânea desta má oclusão após abandono da chupeta, sendo necessária intervenção multidisciplinar.

Health benefits and bioavailability of marine resources components that contribute to health - what's new?

The strict connection between nutritional intake and health leads to a necessity of understanding the beneficial and protective role of healthy nutrients and foods. The marine environment is a source of a plethora of many organisms with unique properties, extremely rich in bioactive compounds and with remarkable potential for medical, industrial and biotechnological applications. Marine organisms are an extreme valuable source of functional ingredients such as polysaccharides, vitamins, minerals, pigments, enzymes, proteins and peptides, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), phenolic compounds and other secondary metabolites that prevent or have the potential to treat several diseases given their cardiovascular protective, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-oxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-proliferative and anti-diabetic activities. This review provides an overview on the current advances regarding health benefits of marine bioactive compounds on several diseases and on human gut microbiota. In addition, it is discussed a crucial factor that is related to the effectiveness of these compounds on human organism namely its real bioavailability.

Feeding Practices of Potential Risk to Dental Caries in Early Childhood and its Relationship with Sociodemographic Variables and Prematurity

Objective: To verify the relationship of feeding practices of potential risk to dental caries in early childhood with sociodemographic variables, prematurity and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admission (NICU). Material and Methods: Data from medical records of infants and preschool children, including feeding practices (breastfeeding, bottle feeding, feeding during sleep, introduction and frequency of sugar use), sociodemographic variables, prematurity and NICU admission were collected. Chi-square, Fisher and Maximum Likelihood Ratio tests were used. Results: The number of medical records was 222 in the age group of 01-45 months. Breastfeeding was not present in 66.7% of preterm infants (p=0.003) and 66.1% of infants admitted at NICU (p=0.011). The use of feeding bottle occurred in 58.4% of infants whose mothers work / study; 58.4% of preterm infants and 60.9% of children admitted at NICU (p<0.001). Feeding during sleep occurred in 70.5% of infants aged 1-24 months (p<0.001); 51.4% were single children (p=0.010) and 76.7% did not attend daycare centers (p=0.003). The introduction of sugar occurred in 60.6% in the age group of 01-24 months. The use of sugar more than 3x / day occurred in 52.6% of infants aged 25-45 months (p=0.003) and; 51.8% with mothers whose schooling corresponded to elementary school (p=0.039). Conclusion: Among caries-risk feeding practices, there was relationship between breastfeeding and prematurity and NICU admission; use of feeding bottle and mothers who worked and / or studied, prematurity and NICU admission; feeding during sleep and younger children, single child and those who did not attend daycare centers; and higher frequency of sugar use and older infants, and maternal schooling corresponding to elementary school.

Development and characterization of an innovative synbiotic fermented beverage based on vegetable soybean

Abstract Soymilk was produced from vegetable soybean and fermented by probiotics (Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5, Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12) in co-culture with Streptococcus thermophilus. The composition of the fermented beverage and oligosaccharides content were determined. The effect of fructooligosaccharides and inulin on the fermentation time and viability of probiotic microorganisms throughout 28 days of storage at 5 °C were evaluated. The soymilk from vegetable soybeans was fermented in just 3.2 h, when pH reached 4.8. Fermentation reduced the contents of stachyose and raffinose in soymilk. Prebiotics had no effect on acidification rate and on viability of B. animalis and S. thermophilus in the fermented beverage. The viable counts of B. animalis Bb-12 remained above 108 CFU mL-1 in the fermented soymilk during 28 days of storage at 5 °C while L. acidophilus La-5 was decreased by 1 log CFU mL-1. The fermented soymilk from vegetable soybeans showed to be a good food matrix to deliver probiotic bacteria, as well as a soy product with a lower content of non-digestible oligosaccharides.