Oral cancer diagnosis communication: Impact of an educational intervention using the SPIKES protocol.

OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the influence of a single educational intervention on the perception and knowledge of strategies for communicating oral cancer diagnoses. METHODS: A educational intervention, 72 dentists and 41 dental undergraduates participated in the 'Maio Vermelho Project', a continuing education activity. Participants completed a 14-question online questionnaire concerning their experiences and perceptions of delivering difficult news. The educational intervention featured an interview illustrating the SPIKES protocol, broadcast on YouTube. RESULTS: Participants had a mean age of 40 years. A minority (21.2%) had encountered or experienced communicating an oral cancer diagnosis. Exposure to lectures on this topic during their education was uncommon (22.1%) but more prevalent among students. After the intervention, confidence in communicating a cancer diagnosis (29.2%) and addressing the patient's family (30.1%) in line with the SPIKES protocol increased. CONCLUSION: A training deficit persists in delivering cancer diagnoses, highlighting the need for educational interventions to empower students and professionals in this critical procedure. Integration of this topic into the dental undergraduate curriculum is imperative. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Effectively communicating a cancer diagnosis poses challenges to healthcare professionals, impacting treatment outcomes. Implementing educational interventions ensures that professionals are well prepared to navigate this complex task, ultimately improving patient care.

Drug-Related Adverse Reactions in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

The therapeutic approach to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex, often involving multiple pharmacologic classes. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence of drug-related adverse reactions (ARs) associated with therapies used in pediatric IBD. We conducted a retrospective study of pediatric patients with IBD followed in a tertiary hospital from 2010 to 2022. Ninety-nine patients were included (62.6% were male), with a median age at diagnosis of 13 years (interquartile range [IQR] 11-15 years). The majority had Crohn's disease (69.7%), followed by ulcerative colitis (21.2%) and unclassified IBD (9.1%). The most prescribed therapies were: immunomodulators (n = 75, 75.8%), exclusive enteral nutrition (n = 61, 61.6%), and biologics (n = 58, 58.6%). During a median follow-up time of 31 months (IQR 11-51 months), the incidence of ARs was 16.2% (16 ARs occurred in 14 patients). The main drug involved was azathioprine (12/16) and the most frequent AR was hepatitis (5/16). Drug discontinuation was necessary in all but 1 case. Of the ARs recorded, 75% were mild to moderate and 81.3% did not require specific treatment; all patients had clinical and/or analytical normalization. There was a positive association between the cumulative number of prescribed drugs and the occurrence of ARs (P = .044). The incidence of ARs was similar to the rates reported in the few existing previous studies. The majority of ARs were mild, but implied the discontinuation of therapy or dose reduction, with a possible impact on disease control.

Unusual Presentation of Lymphangioma Circumscriptum of the Vulva: In Association With Crohn Disease.

ABSTRACT: Lymphangioma circumscriptum (LC) is a rare benign condition, with marked dilation of surface lymphatic vessels in the deep and subcutaneous layers. Vulvar LC can become a highly disabling condition with vulvar discomfort, itching, burning and lymph seeping being the dominant symptoms. Biopsy is mandatory for the diagnosis. There is no consensus on the standard treatment for vulvar LC and recurrence is frequent. In complex cases with wide disease location, combination of different treatment options, such as abrasive methods and surgery, may lead to the best clinical and aesthetical result, with extended disease-free periods. We present a patient with a long history of Crohn disease with multiple pelvic surgeries who developed an extensive vulvar LC.

Convolutional neural network misclassification analysis in oral lesions: an error evaluation criterion by image characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: This retrospective study analyzed the errors generated by a convolutional neural network (CNN) when performing automated classification of oral lesions according to their clinical characteristics, seeking to identify patterns in systemic errors in the intermediate layers of the CNN. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional analysis nested in a previous trial in which automated classification by a CNN model of elementary lesions from clinical images of oral lesions was performed. The resulting CNN classification errors formed the dataset for this study. A total of 116 real outputs were identified that diverged from the estimated outputs, representing 7.6% of the total images analyzed by the CNN. RESULTS: The discrepancies between the real and estimated outputs were associated with problems relating to image sharpness, resolution, and focus; human errors; and the impact of data augmentation. CONCLUSIONS: From qualitative analysis of errors in the process of automated classification of clinical images, it was possible to confirm the impact of image quality, as well as identify the strong impact of the data augmentation process. Knowledge of the factors that models evaluate to make decisions can increase confidence in the high classification potential of CNNs.

Rituximab therapy for childhood onset idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: experience of a Portuguese tertiary center / Terapia com Rituximabe para síndrome nefrótica idiopática de início na infância: experiência de um centro terciário português

ABSTRACT Introduction: Rituximab (RTX) is a therapeutic option in pediatric difficult-to-treat idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS). We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of RTX use in these patients. Method: A retrospective study of all patients with idiopathic NS treated with RTX was conducted in a pediatric nephrology division of a tertiary hospital. Demographic, anthropometric, clinical and analytical data were collected prior to treatment and at 6, 12, and 24 months. Results: Sixteen patients were included (11 males), with a median (25th-75th percentile, P25-P75) age at diagnosis of 2 (2.0-2.8) years. Fifteen were steroid-sensitive and 1 was steroid-resistant and sensitive to cyclosporine. The median age at administration of RTX was 10 (6.3-14.0) years. Throughout a median follow-up time of 2.5 (1.0-3.0) years, 6 (37.5%) patients achieved partial remission and 7 (43.8%) had no relapses and were not taking any immunosuppressants at the 24-month follow-up visit. Regarding complications, 1 patient presented persistent hypogammaglobulinemia. Compared with the 12-month period before RTX, there was a decrease in the median number of relapses at 6 and 12 months [3 (3.0-4.0) vs 0 (0-0.8) and 0.50 (0-1.0), respectively; p = 0.001] and in the daily steroids dose (mg/kg/day) at 6, 12, and 24 months [0.29 (0.15-0.67)vs [0.10 (0.07-0.13); p = 0.001], [0.12 (0.05-0.22); p = 0.005] and [0.07(0.04-0.18); p = 0.021]], respectively. There was also a reduction in the median BMI z score at 24 months [2.11 (0.45-3.70) vs. 2.93 (2.01-3.98); p = 0.049]. Conclusion: Our results confirm the efficacy and safety of RTX use in pediatric idiopathic NS and highlight its' potential cardiometabolic benefits.

Resumo Introdução: Rituximabe (RTX) é uma opção terapêutica na síndrome nefrótica (SN) idiopática pediátrica de difícil tratamento. Visamos avaliar eficácia e segurança do uso de RTX nestes pacientes. Método: Realizou-se estudo retrospectivo de todos os pacientes com SN idiopática tratados com RTX, em uma unidade de nefrologia pediátrica de um hospital terciário. Dados demográficos, antropométricos, clínicos e analíticos foram coletados antes do tratamento e aos 6, 12 e 24 meses. Resultados: Incluímos 16 pacientes (11 do sexo masculino), com idade mediana (percentil 25-75, P25-P75) de 2 (2,0-2,8) anos ao diagnóstico. Quinze eram sensíveis a esteroides, e 1 resistente a esteroides e sensível à ciclosporina.A idade mediana na administração do RTX foi 10 (6,3-14,0) anos. Durante um tempo mediano de acompanhamento de 2,5(1,0-3,0) anos, 6 (37,5%) pacientes alcançaram remissão parcial e 7 (43,8%) não tiveram recidivas e não estavam tomando imunossupressor no acompanhamento aos 24 meses. Quanto às complicações,1 paciente apresentou hipogamaglobulinemia persistente. Comparado ao período de12 meses anterior ao RTX, houve diminuição no número mediano de recidivas em 6 e 12 meses [3 (3,0-4,0) vs 0 (0-0,8) e 0,50 (0-1,0), respectivamente; p = 0,001] e na dose diária de esteroides (mg/kg/dia) aos 6, 12 e 24 meses [0,29 (0,15-0,67) >vs [0,10 (0,07-0,13); p = 0,001], [0,12 (0,05-0,22); p = 0,005] e [0,07 (0,04-0,18); p = 0,021], respectivamente. Houve também redução na mediana do escore z do IMC aos 24 meses [2,11 (0,45-3,70) vs 2,93 (2,01-3,98);p = 0,049]. Conclusões: Nossos resultados confirmam a eficácia e segurança do uso de RTX em SN idiopática pediátrica, destacando seus potenciais benefícios cardiometabólicos.

Regulation of inflammation and protection against invasive pneumococcal infection by the long pentraxin PTX3.

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major pathogen in children, elderly subjects, and immunodeficient patients. Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is a fluid-phase pattern recognition molecule (PRM) involved in resistance to selected microbial agents and in regulation of inflammation. The present study was designed to assess the role of PTX3 in invasive pneumococcal infection. In a murine model of invasive pneumococcal infection, PTX3 was strongly induced in non-hematopoietic (particularly, endothelial) cells. The IL-1ß/MyD88 axis played a major role in regulation of the Ptx3 gene expression. Ptx3-/- mice presented more severe invasive pneumococcal infection. Although high concentrations of PTX3 had opsonic activity in vitro, no evidence of PTX3-enhanced phagocytosis was obtained in vivo. In contrast, Ptx3-deficient mice showed enhanced recruitment of neutrophils and inflammation. Using P-selectin-deficient mice, we found that protection against pneumococcus was dependent upon PTX3-mediated regulation of neutrophil inflammation. In humans, PTX3 gene polymorphisms were associated with invasive pneumococcal infections. Thus, this fluid-phase PRM plays an important role in tuning inflammation and resistance against invasive pneumococcal infection.

NUT carcinoma - An aggressive thoracic tumor.

Nuclear protein in testis (NUT) carcinoma is an extremely rare and undifferentiated malignancy characterized by the rearrangement of NUT gene (NUTM1, Nuclear Protein in Testis). NUT carcinoma is a challenging disease which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Due to its rarity, lack of experience and need of specific molecular study it can be un/misdiagnosed. Therefore, NUT carcinoma should be included in differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated/undifferentiated and rapidly progressive malignancy in children and young adults, occurring in the head, neck or thorax. We report a case of NUT carcinoma presented with pleural effusion in adulthood.

Use of Artificial Intelligence in the Classification of Elementary Oral Lesions from Clinical Images.

OBJECTIVES: Artificial intelligence has generated a significant impact in the health field. The aim of this study was to perform the training and validation of a convolutional neural network (CNN)-based model to automatically classify six clinical representation categories of oral lesion images. METHOD: The CNN model was developed with the objective of automatically classifying the images into six categories of elementary lesions: (1) papule/nodule; (2) macule/spot; (3) vesicle/bullous; (4) erosion; (5) ulcer and (6) plaque. We selected four architectures and using our dataset we decided to test the following architectures: ResNet-50, VGG16, InceptionV3 and Xception. We used the confusion matrix as the main metric for the CNN evaluation and discussion. RESULTS: A total of 5069 images of oral mucosa lesions were used. The oral elementary lesions classification reached the best result using an architecture based on InceptionV3. After hyperparameter optimization, we reached more than 71% correct predictions in all six lesion classes. The classification achieved an average accuracy of 95.09% in our dataset. CONCLUSIONS: We reported the development of an artificial intelligence model for the automated classification of elementary lesions from oral clinical images, achieving satisfactory performance. Future directions include the study of including trained layers to establish patterns of characteristics that determine benign, potentially malignant and malignant lesions.

Management of infantile hemangiomas-experience of a tertiary hospital.

The purpose of the study is to describe the experience of a multidisciplinary team in a tertiary hospital regarding the management of Infantile Hemangiomas (IH). The method employed is a retrospective analysis of patients with IH followed in a tertiary pediatric hospital between January 2010 and May 2022. A total of 393 IH were diagnosed (56.7% female), with a median age of 5 months (interquartile range (IQR), 3-10). Imaging investigation was necessary for diagnosis and for exclusion of other IH in 9.2% and 14.3%, respectively. Focal (74.0%) and superficial (59.7%) lesions were more frequent as was facial location (35.9%). Pre-treatment ulceration or hemorrhage occurred in 6.6%. At follow-up, 87.4% regressed partially and 12.6% completely; 2.7% relapsed. Propranolol was started in 30.0% of cases for a median period of 9 months (IQR, 6-12), mainly due to esthetic concerns (41.9%). Side effects occurred in 8.3% (sleep disturbance in 5.1%). Only 1.7% were refractory and 5.9% had a rebound effect. Eleven patients were treated with topical timolol and 41 underwent surgery. Patients that were treated with propranolol had more risk factors (p = 0.016) and presented deeper lesions (p < 0.001) with a larger diameter (p < 0.001); total IH regression was less frequent (p < 0.001). Since 2020, twice-daily dosage was more frequently prescribed than three times daily (p = 0.007) and inpatient initiation of propranolol decreased (p = 0.750), without significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions, duration of treatment, and lesion evolution.  Conclusions: Our protocol proved to be safe and feasible in an outpatient setting and twice daily administration of propranolol was effective. The majority of IH showed at least partial regression. Early detection of high-risk IH is paramount and a multidisciplinary assessment by a specialized team is essential for adequate management. What is Known: • IH are the most common vascular tumors in childhood. Although the majority evolves favorably, treatment may be warranted in selected cases. • Early detection of high-risk IH is paramount, and a multidisciplinary assessment by a specialized team is essential for adequate management. What is New: • One-third of our sample was treated with propranolol. These patients had more risk factors and presented deeper lesions with a larger diameter, and tumor total regression was less frequent. • Our results reinforce safety and feasibility of propranolol initiation in an outpatient setting, including twice daily dosage.

Use of Deep Neural Networks in the Detection and Automated Classification of Lesions Using Clinical Images in Ophthalmology, Dermatology, and Oral Medicine-A Systematic Review.

Artificial neural networks (ANN) are artificial intelligence (AI) techniques used in the automated recognition and classification of pathological changes from clinical images in areas such as ophthalmology, dermatology, and oral medicine. The combination of enterprise imaging and AI is gaining notoriety for its potential benefits in healthcare areas such as cardiology, dermatology, ophthalmology, pathology, physiatry, radiation oncology, radiology, and endoscopic. The present study aimed to analyze, through a systematic literature review, the application of performance of ANN and deep learning in the recognition and automated classification of lesions from clinical images, when comparing to the human performance. The PRISMA 2020 approach (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) was used by searching four databases of studies that reference the use of IA to define the diagnosis of lesions in ophthalmology, dermatology, and oral medicine areas. A quantitative and qualitative analyses of the articles that met the inclusion criteria were performed. The search yielded the inclusion of 60 studies. It was found that the interest in the topic has increased, especially in the last 3 years. We observed that the performance of IA models is promising, with high accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, most of them had outcomes equivalent to human comparators. The reproducibility of the performance of models in real-life practice has been reported as a critical point. Study designs and results have been progressively improved. IA resources have the potential to contribute to several areas of health. In the coming years, it is likely to be incorporated into everyday life, contributing to the precision and reducing the time required by the diagnostic process.

(Sobre)viver na rua: narrativas das pessoas em situação de rua sobre a rede de apoio / (About) living on the street: narratives of homeless people about the support network / (Sobre)vivir en la calle: narrativas de personas en situación de calle sobre la red de apoyo

A população em situação de rua (PSR), em seu cotidiano, se relaciona com diferentes pessoas, grupos e/ou coletivos ligados à execução das políticas públicas, às organizações não governamentais, familiares ou a membros da sociedade civil. Pensar nessas dinâmicas de trabalho, cooperação e auxílio remete a pensar sobre uma rede de apoio que constrói estratégias com essa população. Tendo presente essas problematizações, este estudo teve como objetivo analisar as narrativas das pessoas em situação de rua sobre como é produzida sua rede de apoio. Para tanto, foi realizado um estudo qualitativo, de orientação etnográfica, sendo utilizada a observação participante, registros em diário de campo e entrevistas narrativas. Participaram seis pessoas em situação de rua que recebem alimentação ofertada por projetos sociais em uma cidade do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. Os dados produzidos foram analisados a partir da Análise Temática. As análises expressam as especificidades das narrativas das trajetórias de vida associadas à chegada às ruas e à composição de uma rede de apoio na rua. Ao conhecer como se produz e opera essa rede de apoio, a partir das narrativas das pessoas em situação de rua, problematiza-se a complexidade dessa engrenagem e o desafio de produzir ações integradas entre as diferentes instâncias da rede. Nisso, destaca-se a potencialidade de práticas que levem conta à escuta, ao diálogo e à articulação na operacionalização de políticas públicas atentas às necessidades dessa população.(AU)

The street population, in their daily lives, relates to different people, groups and/or collectives linked to the execution of public policies, to non-governmental organizations, family members, or to members of civil society. Thinking about these dynamics of work, cooperation, and assistance leads to thinking about a support network that builds strategies with this population. Having these problematizations in mind, this study aims to analyze the narratives of homeless people about how their support network is produced. To this end, a qualitative study was carried out, with ethnographic orientation, using participant observation, records in a field diary, and narrative interviews. Participated in the research six homeless people who receive food offered by social projects in a municipality in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul. The data produced were analyzed using the Thematic Analysis. The analyzes express the specifities of the narratives of life trajectories associated with the arrival on the streets and the composition of a support network on the street. By knowing how the support network is produced and operated, the complexity of this gear and the challenge of producing integrated actions between the different instances of the network are problematized. Thus, it highlights the potential of practices that consider listening, dialogue, and articulation in the operationalization of public policies that are attentive to the needs of this population.(AU)

Las personas en situación de calle en su cotidiano se relacionan con distintas personas, grupos y/o colectivos, que están vinculados a la ejecución de políticas públicas, organizaciones no gubernamentales, familiares o miembros de la sociedad civil. Pensar en estas dinámicas de trabajo, cooperación y ayuda nos lleva a una red de apoyo que construye estrategias con estas personas. Teniendo en cuenta esta problemática, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las narrativas de las personas en situación de calle acerca de cómo se produce su red de apoyo. Con este fin, se realizó un estudio cualitativo, etnográfico, utilizando observación participante, registros de diario de campo y entrevistas narrativas. Este estudio incluyó a seis personas en situación de calle que reciben alimentos ofrecidos por proyectos sociales en una ciudad del interior de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil). Se utilizó el Análisis Temático. Los análisis expresan las especificidades de las narrativas de las trayectorias de vida asociadas con la llegada a las calles y la composición de una red de apoyo en la calle. Al saber cómo se produce y opera la red de apoyo, a partir de las narrativas de las personas en la calle, se problematizan la complejidad de este equipo y el desafío de producir acciones integradas entre las diferentes instancias de la red. Destaca el potencial de las prácticas que tienen en cuenta la escucha, el diálogo y la articulación en la implementación de políticas públicas que estén atentas a las necesidades de esta población.(AU)

A cytokine/PTX3 prognostic index as a predictor of mortality in sepsis.

Background: Early prognostic stratification of patients with sepsis is a difficult clinical challenge. Aim of this study was to evaluate novel molecules in association with clinical parameters as predictors of 90-days mortality in patients admitted with sepsis at Humanitas Research Hospital. Methods: Plasma samples were collected from 178 patients, diagnosed based on Sepsis-3 criteria, at admission to the Emergency Department and after 5 days of hospitalization. Levels of pentraxin 3 (PTX3), soluble IL-1 type 2 receptor (sIL-1R2), and of a panel of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were measured by ELISA. Cox proportional-hazard models were used to evaluate predictors of 90-days mortality. Results: Circulating levels of PTX3, sIL-1R2, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-18, IL-1ra, TNF-α increased significantly in sepsis patients on admission, with the highest levels measured in shock patients, and correlated with SOFA score (PTX3: r=0.44, p<0.0001; sIL-1R2: r=0.35, p<0.0001), as well as with 90-days mortality. After 5 days of hospitalization, PTX3 and cytokines, but not sIL-1R2 levels, decreased significantly, in parallel with a general improvement of clinical parameters. The combination of age, blood urea nitrogen, PTX3, IL-6 and IL-18, defined a prognostic index predicting 90-days mortality in Sepsis-3 patients and showing better apparent discrimination capacity than the SOFA score (AUC=0.863, 95% CI: 0.780-0.945 vs. AUC=0.727, 95% CI: 0.613-0.840; p=0.021 respectively). Conclusion: These data suggest that a prognostic index based on selected cytokines, PTX3 and clinical parameters, and hence easily adoptable in clinical practice, performs in predicting 90-days mortality better than SOFA. An independent validation is required.

Metronomic oral vinorelbine in a real-world population of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.

INTRODUCTION: An increasing body of evidence from clinical trials and real-world studies suggests that metronomic oral vinorelbine (VNR) is a promising treatment option for elderly and unfit advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The aim of this multicenter study was to present real-world data about the experience in treatment of NSCLC with metronomic VNR in Portugal. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective data from NSCLC patients not eligible for conventional chemotherapy or tyrosine kinase inhibitors who received oral metronomic VNR irrespective of treatment line and dose was retrieved from 19 Portuguese Oncology Centers between 2016 and 2018. RESULTS: A total of 293 patients were included, with a median of 76 (39 - 94) years; 71% were ≥70 years old. Patients had a median of 3 comorbidities and predominantly (61%) ECOG PS 2. Most (42%) received metronomic oral VNR as first-line treatment. Overall response rate was 18%, with 42 (18%) partial and no (0%) complete responses. A total of 54% of patients experienced stable disease and 28% of patients, disease progression. Disease control rate was 72%. Patients were a median of 4 (1 - 40) months on treatment. Treatment discontinuation was observed in 90%, mostly (67%) due to disease progression, followed by death (16%). Adverse events leading to treatment discontinuation were only reported in 5% of patients. Female gender (HR 0.601, 95% CI 0.434 - 0.832; p = 0.002) and ECOG PS 1 (HR 0.625, 95% CI [0.443 - 0.881]; p = 0.007) were significantly associated with a lower risk of metronomic oral VNR discontinuation. Overall, 21% of patients experienced G3/4 toxicity. CONCLUSION: The present real-world results agree with what has been previously reported by other international Centers and support the concept that metronomic scheduling is a relevant and safe approach to treat advanced NSCLC patients.

O cuidado em saúde mental: narrativas de familiares de ouvidores de vozes / Soins de santé mentale: récits des familles des entendeurs de voix / Cuidado en salud mental: relatos de familiares de oyentes de voces / Mental health care: narratives of family members of voice hearers

Resumo Ancorado numa perspectiva psicossocial, frente aos desafios da reinserção social e da composição de estratégias de cuidado em liberdade, este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as narrativas dos familiares de ouvidores de vozes sobre suas experiências como cuidadores. Foram realizadas entrevistas narrativas com familiares de participantes de um grupo de ouvidores de vozes em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (Caps) da cidade de Pelotas, no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A partir da análise temática, produziram-se três eixos temáticos: (1) experiência de ouvir vozes e necessidade de cuidado; (1) família: práticas de cuidado; e (3) estratégias terapêuticas: tecendo redes de cuidado compartilhadas em saúde mental. As narrativas dos cuidadores reportam dificuldades na convivência com familiares que ouvem vozes, sobrecarga de trabalho relacionada ao cuidado e desafios enfrentados no cotidiano. Destaca-se a importância de espaços grupais de ajuda mútua que possam auxiliar os cuidadores.

Résumé Face aux défis de la réinsertion sociale et de la constitution des stratégies de soins dans un contexte de liberté, cette étude analyse les récits des familles des entendeurs sur leurs expériences en tant que soignants de la perspective psychosociale. On a mené des entretiens narratifs avec des membres de la famille de participants à un groupe d'entendeurs de voix dans un Centre de soins psychosociaux de la ville de Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, au Brésil. De l'analyse thématique se sont issues trois axes thématiques : (1) l'expérience de l'entente des voix et le besoin de soins ; (2) la famille : pratiques de soins ; et (3) les stratégies thérapeutiques : tisser de réseaux de soins partagés en santé mentale. Les récits des soignants signalent de difficultés à vivre avec des membres de la famille qui entendent des voix, de la surcharge de travail liée aux soins et des défis à relever dans la vie quotidienne. L'article souligne l'importance des espaces de groupes d'entraide qui peuvent aider les soignants.

Resumen A partir de una perspectiva psicosocial y teniendo en cuenta los desafíos de la reinserción social y la composición de las estrategias de cuidado en libertad, este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar los relatos de familiares de los oyentes de voces sobre sus vivencias como cuidadores. Se realizaron entrevistas a familiares de oyentes de voces de un Centro de Atención Psicosocial de la ciudad de Pelotas, en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. A partir del análisis temático se produjeron tres ejes temáticos: (1) experiencia de escuchar voces y necesidad de cuidado; (2) familia: prácticas de cuidado; y (3) estrategias terapéuticas: tejiendo redes de cuidado compartidas en salud mental. Los cuidadores relatan las dificultades para convivir con familiares que escuchan voces, la sobrecarga laboral relacionada con el cuidado y los desafíos que enfrentan en la vida diaria. Se destaca la importancia de los espacios grupales de ayuda mutua que pueden ayudar a los cuidadores.

Abstract Considering the challenges of social reintegration and the composition of care strategies in a context of liberty, this study aims to analyze the narratives of family members of voice hearers regarding their experiences as caregivers from a psychosocial perspective. Narrative interviews were conducted with family members of individuals attending a group of voice hearers at a Psychosocial Care Center in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Three thematic axes were obtained from the thematic analysis of interview data: (1) experience of hearing voices and the need for care; (2) family: care practices; and (3) therapeutic strategies: weaving care networks in mental health. Caregivers report difficulties in living with family members who hear voices, care-related work overload, and challenges faced in daily life. In this context, the results stress the importance of mutual aid groups in supporting caregivers.

Reflexões sobre o estágio de psicologia social: narrativas de diferentes enfoques do processo de formação / Reflections on the internship of social psychology: narratives of different approaches in the psychology course / Reflexiones sobre la pasantía de psicología social: narrativas de diferentes enfoques en la carrera de graduación de psicología

Apresentamos algumas reflexões oriundas de nosso trabalho como professoras em um curso de Psicologia da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Nossas vivências na coordenação e orientação de estágios em Psicologia Social, em reuniões com supervisores locais e em sala de aula, nos instigaram a problematizar a formação de psicólogas/os, numa dimensão ético-política, diante das novas demandas das políticas públicas. Por meio de nossas observações e discussões, pudemos perceber questionamentos dos/as estudantes sobre sua formação, além de desconfortos em relação às práticas psicológicas observadas nas primeiras incursões em seus locais de estágio. As narrativas dos/as supervisores/as locais trouxeram demandas aos/às estagiários/as que repercutiram tanto nas práticas no cotidiano dos serviços como na formação em Psicologia. Ao acompanhar e refletir sobre o estágio em Psicologia Social, a partir de diferentes enfoques do processo de formação, produzimos uma rede de conversação coletiva atenta aos saberes e práticas presentes na articulação entre Psicologia e políticas públicas.

We present some reflexions based on our experience as professors in the undergraduate course of Psychology in a university in Brazil. Our experiences as coordinators, supervisors, and professors in Social Psychology internships in three integrated scenarios as the meetings with the students, the discussions with the service's supervisors and in the classroom instigated us to problematize the psychology training. Considering new demands of Public Policies in an ethical-political dimension. Through our observations and discussions, we perceived from students at their first internship experiences questions about their academic education as well strangeness by some psychological practices observed. The narratives of the service's supervisors brought demands to the trainees that resonated the services daily practices as well the psychologists training. By accompanying and reflecting on the Social Psychology internship from different approaches of training process, the collective produced a conversation network of knowledge and practices in articulation between Psychology and Public Policies.

Presentamos algunas reflexiones de nuestro trabajo como profesores en un curso de psicología de una universidad federal brasileña. Nuestras experiencias, en la coordinación y orientación de pasantías en Psicología Social, en reuniones con supervisores locales y en el aula, nos instigaron a problematizar la formación de psicólogos, en una dimensión ético-política, dadas las nuevas demandas de las Políticas Públicas. A través de nuestras observaciones y debates, pudimos percibir preguntas de los estudiantes sobre su educación, así como la incomodidad en relación a las prácticas psicológicas observadas en las primeras incursiones durante sus pasantías. Las narrativas de los supervisores locales trajeron demandas a los alumnos que tuvieron repercusiones no solo en las prácticas diarias de los servicios, sino también en la formación en psicología. Al acompañar y reflexionar sobre la pasantía en Psicología Social, desde diferentes enfoques del proceso de capacitación, construimos una red de conversación colectiva atenta al conocimiento y las prácticas presentes en la articulación entre Psicología y Políticas Públicas.

Devir Margarida: narrativas de si em experienciafetos / Becoming Margarida: narratives of self in experienceaffections / Devenir Margarida: narrativas de si en experienciafectos

Neste ensaio rizomático, evocamos cenas, imagens e afetos acionados com a participação das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais da V Marcha das Margaridas. A experiência e a narração articulam ferramentas potentes na transmissão de histórias em sua singularidade, diferença e multiplicidade. A escrita demarca um registro possível, uma abertura para estar junto na produção de uma escuta implicada e sensível dos efeitos da experiência de um "devir Margarida". O caminho percorrido irrompe entre fragmentos, recortes descontínuos, impregnado por experienciafetos em sua dimensão ética, estética e política. Com alegria e colorido, as mulheres vêm à público performatizar um ato-manifesto na luta contra os retrocessos e pela garantia de direitos. Em marcha, as margaridas protagonizam ações políticas em prol do bem viver de suas comunidades e questionam os estereótipos tradicionais de gênero.(AU)

In this rhizomatic essay, we evoke scenes, images and affections triggered by our participation, with rural women workers, in the 5 th Marcha das Margaridas . Experience and narrative are powerful tools in the transmission of stories, in their uniqueness, difference and multiplicity. Writing demarcates a possible record, an aperture to be together in the production of an implicated and sensitive hearing of the effects produced by the experience of "becoming Margarida ". The traveled path bursts among fragments, discontinuous cuts, marked by experienceaffections in their ethical, aesthetical and political dimensions. With joy and multiple colors, women perform, in public, an act-manifesto in the fight against retrocessions and for the guarantee of rights. In their march, the Margaridas play a leading role in political actions for their communities' welfare and question traditional gender stereotypes..(AU)

En este ensayo rizomático evocamos escenas, imágenes y afectos accionados con la participación junto a mujeres trabajadoras rurales de la V Marcha das Margaridas . La experiencia y la narración constituyen herramientas potentes en la transmisión de historias en su singularidad, diferencia y multiplicidad. La escritura demarca un registro posible, una apertura para estar juntos en la producción de una escucha implicada y sensible de los efectos de la experiencia de un "devenir Margarida ". El camino recorrido irrumpe entre fragmentos, recortes discontinuos, impregnado por experienciafectos en su dimensión ética, estética y política. Con alegría y colorido, las mujeres vienen a público a performatizar un acto-manifiesto en la lucha contra retrocesos y por la garantía de derechos. En marcha, las margaridas protagonizan acciones políticas para el bien vivir de sus comunidades y cuestionan los estereotipos tradicionales de género..(AU)

Diagnostic and therapeutic approach to cardioinhibitory reflex syncope: A complex and controversial issue. / Abordagem diagnóstica e terapêutica da síncope reflexa cardio­inibitória ­ A complexidade de um tema controverso.

Syncope is defined as a transient loss of consciousness due to global cerebral hypoperfusion and is one of the leading causes of emergency department admission. The initial approach should focus on excluding non-syncopal causes for loss of consciousness and risk stratification for cardiac cause, in order to ensure an appropriate etiological investigation and therapeutic approach. Vasovagal syncope (VVS), the most common type of syncope, should be assumed once other causes are excluded. Pathophysiologically, the vasovagal reflex is the result of a paradoxical autonomic response, leading to hypotension and/or bradycardia. VVS has not been shown to affect mortality, but morbidity may be considerable in those with recurrent syncopal episodes. The management of VVS includes both non-pharmacological and pharmacological measures that act on various levels of the reflex arc that triggers the syncopal episode. However, most are of uncertain benefit given the scarcity of high-quality supporting evidence. Pacemaker therapy may be considered in recurrent refractory cardioinhibitory reflex syncope, for which it is currently considered a robust intervention, as noted in the European guidelines. Non-randomized and unblinded studies have shown a potential benefit of pacing in recurrent VVS, but double-blinded randomized controlled trials have not consistently demonstrated positive results. We performed a comprehensive review of the current literature and recent advances in cardiac pacing and pacing algorithms in VVS, and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to the complex patient with recurrent VVS and reduced quality of life.

Ação política e produção de subjetividade: a herança de terra, trabalho e participação política na produção de um éthos agricultora / Political action and production of subjectivity: the inheritance of land, labor and political participation in the production of a farmer ethos / Acción politíca y producción de subjetividad: a la herencia de la tierra, trabajo y participación política en la producción de un éthos agricultora

Ancorado nos estudos de gênero e modos de subjetivação, este estudo analisa as intersecções entre ação política e subjetividade na produção de um éthos agricultora.O estudo contempla o mapeamento e a análise das narrativas de mulheres trabalhadoras rurais sobre os efeitos das experiências associadas aos espaços da casa, da propriedade e do movimento social. As análises produzidas expressam saberes e práticas ligadas às trajetórias de vida das mulheres na agricultura familiar, marcadas pela herança de terra, trabalho e participação política.A herança transmitida, de geração em geração, reporta a problematizações acerca das posições historicamente ocupadas pelas mulheres nas relações familiares e de trabalho. A participação no movimento social de mulheres rurais contribui para a produção de estratégias de resistência e criação, uma vez que potencializa a abertura de modos de vida outros, para além daqueles associados às atribuições normativas de gênero.

Anchored in gender studies and modes of subjectivation, this study analyzes the intersections between politic action and the subjectivity in the production of a farmer ethos. The study contemplates the mapping and analysis of female rural workers narratives about their experiences in the spaces of the house, property and social movement. The analysis express knowledge and practices related to the life trajectories of women in family agriculture, marked by land inheritance, work and political participation. The transmitted inheritance, from generation to generation, reports to the problematizations about the positions historically occupied by women in family and work relations. Participation in the social movement of rural women contributes to the production of strategies of resistance and creation, since it potentiates the opening of other ways of life, in addition to those associated with normative gender attributions.

Anclado en los estudios de género y modos de subjetivación, este estudio analiza las intersecciones entre la acción política y la subjetividad en la producción de un ethos agricultora. El estudio contempla el mapeo y análisis de las narrativas de las trabajadoras rurales sobre los efectos de las experiencias asociadas con los espacios de la casa, de la propiedad y del movimiento social. Los análisis expresan conocimientos y prácticas relacionados con las trayectorias de vida de las mujeres en la agricultura familiar, caracterizadas por la herencia de tierras, el trabajo y la participación política. La herencia transmitida, de generación en generación, informa sobre las problematizaciones sobre los cargos que históricamente ocupan las mujeres en las relaciones familiares y laborales. La participación en el movimiento social de mujeres rurales contribuye a la producción de estrategias de resistencia y creación, ya que potencia la apertura de otras formas de vida, además de aquellas asociadas con las atribuciones normativas de género.

A systematic review on recurrent cardioinhibitory vasovagal syncope: Does pacing therapy break the fall?

Vasovagal reflex is the most common cause of syncope. Pacemaker with rate drop response (RDR) or closed-loop stimulation (CLS) anti-syncope algorithms have been studied in recurrent vasovagal syncope (VVS), with conflicting results. We aim to investigate the role of pacemaker therapy and anti-syncope pacing mode in cardioinhibitory recurrent VVS. MEDLINE, Cochrane Library and registered clinical trials were searched for single or double-blind randomized controlled trials on pacing as a treatment for recurrent VVS. Five studies were eligible, overall enrolling 228 patients. After pooling data from all trials, pacemaker therapy showed a 63% reduction in syncope recurrence compared to control [Risk Ratio (RR): 0.37; 95% CI: 0.14-0.98; I2  = 67%)]. Subgroup analyses suggested that the effect was greater in single-blind studies (RR: 0.07; 95% CI: 0.01-0.52, I2  = 0%). When comparing pacing algorithms, the results from RDR versus no pacing trials (n = 2) did not show a significant reduction in syncope recurrence (RR: 0.73; 95% CI: 0.25-2.16, I2 60 = 75%). In contrast, the data from the CLS versus standard pacing trials (n = 3) evidenced a statistically meaningful reduction in syncopal burden (RR: 0.18; 95% CI: 0.07-0.47, I2  = 0%). It is unclear whether pacemaker therapy reduces syncopal burden in cardioinhibitory recurrent VVS. However, our results suggest effectiveness of CLS pacing mode.