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Abstract Objectives: The aim was to estimate the pubertal growth height of children and adolescents living in a high-altitude region of Peru using the Preece-Baines model 1 (1 PB). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in schoolchildren from the department of Puno (Peru) between 3841 and 3874 masl. The age range was between 4 and 17 years. Standing height was evaluated. 1 PB was used to infer the mathematical and biological parameters of stature. Results: Mathematical parameters estimated by the 1 PB model reflected small residual standard error (RSE) values in both sexes (0.25 in boys and 0.27 in girls). In boys, the age at which peak velocity was reached (APHV) was estimated at 13.21 ± 0.33years. While in girls it was 9.96 ± 0.26years (p < 0.05). In general, girls reached APHV (y) 3.25 years earlier than boys. On the other hand, the growth velocity of maximum height [APHV (cm/y)] of boys was higher (6.33 ± 6.06 cm/y) relative to girls (6.06 ± 0.32 cm/y). Estimated final adult height (EFAH) in boys was reached at 166.020 ± 0.99 cm and height at maximum growth velocity (HPHV) was 153.07 ± 0.67 cm, while in girls they were significantly lower (EFAH; 153.74 ± 0.44 cm and HPHV: 139.73 ± 0.84 cm). Conclusions: This study showed that girls living in Puno at a high altitude in Peru reached APHV 3 years earlier than boys and at the same time reflected slower PHV. These results suggest that pubertal growth at high altitudes is slower in both sexes and especially in girls. Thus, modeling physical growth may be an important step in understanding the onset of puberty at different latitudes.
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Abstract Objectives: The objective of the study was to verify whether (FFM), maturity status (MS) and chronological age (CA) are determinants of physical fitness performance, and to analyze FFM and physical performance aligned by CA and MS in children and adolescents. Methods: A descriptive correlational study was carried out in 863 schoolchildren. Weight, height, and waist circumference (WC) were evaluated. Body mass index (BMI), FFM, fat mass (FM), MS (Age at peak height velocity, APHV) were calculated. The physical tests of velocity 20 m, agility 5 m × 10rep, and horizontal jump (HJ) were evaluated. Results: The APHV was estimated in boys at 14.0 ± 0.36APHV and in girls at 11.96 ± 0.49APHV. The relationships between CA and APHV with FFM was r = 0.80 in boys and r = 0.44 to 0.45 in girls. The relationships between FFM and physical tests in boys were [HJ (r = 0.70), agility 5m × 10rep (r = -0.68), velocity (r = -0.61)] and in girls [HJ (r = 0.42), agility 5m × 10rep (r = -0.52), velocity (r = -0.20)]. The differences in FFM and physical fitness tests were more pronounced when aligned by APHV than by CA. Conclusion: It was verified that both FFM, CA, and APHV are determinants of physical fitness performance. In addition, the APHV should be introduced in physical education as a means of ranking physical performance among schoolchildren.
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Resumen El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo comparar los parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal en futbolistas profesionales en cinco temporadas. Se efectuó un estudio transversal (comparativo). Se estudió a 120 futbolistas, donde cada cohorte por año se evaluó a 24 futbolistas. El rango de edad fue de 18 a 37 años. Se evaluó a los futbolistas al inicio de cada temporada en los años 2012 a 2016: Se midió el peso, la estatura, seis pliegues cutáneos (Tríceps, subescapular, supra-iliaco, abdominal, muslo y pantorrilla). Se calculó el Índice de Masa corporal IMC, % de grasa, la masa grasa y masa libre de grasa MLG. El tejido adiposo se agrupó en tres grupos (brazo: (tricpes+subescapular, tronco: suprailiaco+abdominal, Piernas: muslo+pantorrilla). Hubo diferencias en el peso corporal, la estatura, la sumatoria de los 6 pliegues y la MLG a lo largo de los 5 años. [año 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7.8kg, estatura: 177.6±5.7cm, Pliegues: 58.7±12.8mm, MLG: 64.5±6.3mm), año 2013: (Peso: 77.8±6.4kg, Estatura: 178,4±4.4, Pliegues: 60.1±15.9mm, MLG:66.3±3.5mm), año 2014: (Peso: 74.9±5.7kg, Estatura: 177.0±5.8cm, Pliegues: 54.4±14.7mm, MLG: 64.5±4.5kg), año 2015: (Peso: 74.1±6.8kg, Estatura: 176.1±5.5cm, Pliegues: 54.9±15.6mm, MLG: 63.8±4.6kg), año 2016: (Peso: 72.7±kg, Estatura: 175.3±6.9kg, Pliegues: 50.8±12.mm, MLG: 62.8±5.9kg)]. Este estudio verificó que el perfil antropométrico y el tejido adiposo de los futbolistas fueron disminuyendo en cada temporada, mientras que la MLG reflejó similares valores en cada uno de las cohortes evaluadas.
Abstract The present cross-sectional (comparative) study aimed to compare the anthropometric and body composition parameters in professional soccer players over five seasons. It was conducted on 120 soccer players grouped in a cohort of 24 subjects per year. The age range was 18 to 37 years. The footballers were evaluated at the beginning of each season from 2012 to 2016; weight, height, six skin folds (triceps, subscapularis, supra-iliac, abdominal, thigh, and calf) were evaluated from 2012 to 2015. The Body Mass Index (BMI), fat percentage, fat mass, and FFM were calculated. The adipose tissue was grouped into three groups: arm (triceps + subscapular), trunk (supra iliac + abdominal), and legs (thigh + calf). Body weight, height, the sum of the 6 folds, and the MLG varied during the 5 years. For 2012 the results were the following: Weight, 76.6 ± 7.8kg; Height, 177.6 ± 5.7cm; Folds, 58.7 ± 12.8mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 6.3mm). In 2013, these were the results: Weight, 77.8 ± 6.4kg; Height, 178, 4 ± 4.4; Folds, 60.1 ± 15.9mm; MLG, 66.3 ± 3.5mm). These were the measures obtained in 2014: Weight, 74.9 ± 5.7kg; Height, 177.0 ± 5.8cm; Folds, 54.4 ± 14.7mm; MLG, 64.5 ± 4.5kg ). And these were of the year 2015: Weight, 74.1 ± 6.8kg; Height, 176.1 ± 5.5cm; Folds, 54.9 ± 15.6mm; MLG, 63.8 ± 4.6kg). Finally, in 2016 these were the measures collected: Weight, 72.7 ± kg; Height, 175.3 ± 6.9 kg; Folds, 50.8 ± 12.mm; MLG, 62.8 ± 5.9kg. This study verified that the soccer players' anthropometric profile and adipose tissue decreased each season, while the MLG reflected similar values in each of the evaluated cohorts.
Resumo O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar os parâmetros antropométricos e de composição corporal em jogadores profissionais de futebol durante cinco temporadas. Foi realizado um estudo transversal (comparativo). Foi estudado um total de 120 jogadores de futebol, onde cada coorte por ano foram avaliados 24 jogadores. A faixa etária era de 18 a 37 anos. Os futebolistas foram avaliados no início de cada temporada, nos anos de 2012 a 2016. Foram medidas altura, peso, seis dobras da pele (tríceps, subescapular, supra ilíaca, abdominal, coxa e calcanhar). Foram calculados índice de massa corporal IMC, % de gordura, massa de gordura e massa livre de gordura MLG. O tecido adiposo foi agrupado em três grupos (braço: tríceps + subescapular, tronco: suprailíaco + abdominal, pernas: coxa + calcanhar). Houve diferenças no peso corporal, na altura, a soma de 6 dobras e a MLG ao longo dos 5 anos: ano 2012 (Peso: 76,6±7,8kg, Altura: 177,6±5,7cm, Dobras: 58,7±12,8mm, GLM: 64,5±6,3mm), ano 2013 (Peso: 77,8±6,4kg, Altura: 178,4±4,4, Dobras: 60,1±15,9mm, GLM:66,3±3.5mm), ano 2014 (Peso: 74,9±5,7kg, Altura: 177,0±5,8cm, Dobras: 54,4±14,7mm, GLM: 64,5±4,5kg), ano 2015 (Peso: 74,1±6,8kg, Altura: 176,1±5,5cm, Dobras: 54,9±15,6mm, GLM: 63,8±4,6kg), ano 2016 (Peso: 72,7±kg, Altura: 175,3±6,9kg, Dobras: 50,8±12,mm, GLM: 62,8±5,9kg). Este estudo verificou que o perfil antropométrico e o tecido adiposo dos jogadores de futebol diminuíram em cada temporada, enquanto que a MLG refletiu valores similares em cada um dos coortes avaliados.
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Humanos , Futebol , Composição Corporal , Antropometria , ChileRESUMO
Introduction: Introduction: one of the causes of nutritional anemia is that the amount of iron absorbed is insufficient to meet the body's needs. Objective: to determine the effects of microencapsulated and heminic iron supplementation to increase hemoglobin levels and body weight in iron-depleted rats. Methods: a randomized experimental study was designed. Four study groups were formed. Control group (GC), experimental group (GE1) (MC microencapsulated iron supplementation), experimental group 2 (GE2) (heminic iron supplementation) and experimental group 3 (GE3) (MC + heminic iron supplementation). A dry powdered diet containing all normal nutrients except iron was fed to the four groups for 15 days (three times a day). Weight, length and hemoglobin (Hb) were evaluated at pre- and post-test under similar conditions. Results: in Hb, no significant differences were observed in the CG (p = 0.225), despite a -9.6 % decrease in the post-test. GE1 significantly increased hemoglobin (14.3 %, Hb 2.1 g/dl) and body weight (21.6 %, 25.8 g) (p < 0.05) in the post-test. Similarly, GE2 significantly increased hemoglobin (14.5 %, Hb 2.1 g/dl) and body weight (44.5 %, 52.3 g) (p < 0.05). However, in GE3, despite significantly increasing weight (30.2 %, 35.2 g), the increase in hemoglobin levels was similar to what occurred in GE1 and GE2 groups (increasing by 14.5 % and Hb 2.2 g/dl). There were no significant differences in rat length between pre- and post-test in the four groups. Conclusion: these results suggest that heme iron together with quinoa and cañihua flour could be exploited as a new safe and efficient iron supplement compared to microencapsulated iron, given its higher iron bioavailability and its ability to increase body weight.
Introducción: Introducción: una de las causas de la anemia nutricional es que la cantidad de hierro absorbida es insuficiente para satisfacer las necesidades del organismo. Objetivo: determinar los efectos de la suplementación de hierro microencapsulado y hemínico para aumentar los niveles de hemoglobina y el peso corporal en ratas alimentadas sin hierro. Métodos: se diseñó un estudio experimental aleatorizado. Se conformaron cuatro grupos de estudio. Grupo control (GC), grupo experimental (GE1) (suplementación de hierro microencapsulado MC), grupo experimental 2 (GE2) (suplementación de hierro hemínico) y grupo experimental 3 (GE3) (suplementación de hierro MC + hierro hemínico). Se administró al GC una dieta seca en polvo que contenía todos los nutrientes normales excepto el hierro. Los tres grupos experimentales fueron alimentados en base a una dieta de harina de quinua y cañihua. A la dieta del GE1 se agregó hierro MC; al GE2, hierro hemínico; y al GE3, hierro MC + hierro hemínico. La suplementación se realizó durante 15 días (tres veces al día). Se evaluaron el peso, la longitud y la hemoglobina (Hb) en el pretest y postest en similares condiciones. Resultados: en la Hb no se observaron diferencias significativas en el GC (p = 0,225), a pesar de disminuir en un -9,6 % en el postest. El GE1 aumentó significativamente la hemoglobina (14,3 %, Hb 2,1 g/dl) y el peso corporal (21,6 %, 25,8 g) (p < 0,05) en el postest. De la misma forma, el GE2 incrementó significativamente la hemoglobina (14,5 %, Hb 2,1 g/dl) y el peso corporal (44,5 %, 52,3 g) (p < 0,05). Sin embargo, el GE3, a pesar de mezclar el hierro MC y hemínico, no logró superar la actuación individual en cada uno de los GE1 y GE2. No hubo diferencias significativas en la longitud de las ratas entre el pretest y el postest en los cuatro grupos. Conclusión: estos resultados sugieren que el hierro hemo junto a la harina de quinua y cañihua podrían explotarse como un nuevo suplemento de hierro seguro y eficiente en comparación con el hierro microencapsulado, dada su mayor biodisponibilidad de hierro y su capacidad de incrementar el peso corporal.
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Anemia Ferropriva , Neoplasias , Animais , Ratos , Peso Corporal , Suplementos Nutricionais , Heme , Hemoglobinas/análise , FerroRESUMO
Introduction: Introduction: anemia in children can cause cognitive and motor deficits that can lead to difficulties in academic performance, physical endurance, affecting health and well-being Objective: to develop and validate a scale of beliefs about adherence to iron supplementation treatment in mothers of children with anemia (SBAIST) living in a high altitude region of Peru. Methods: a cross-sectional study was conducted in 192 mothers of children with anemia living in a high altitude region of Peru. The Health Belief Model (HBM) was used to develop and validate the SBAIST. Expert judgment analysis (Aiken's V) was used for content validity and exploratory factor analysis for construct validity. Reliability was determined by internal consistency. Results: for content validity, Aiken's V test showed concordant values for relevance (0.60 to 0.90), relevance (0.75 to 0.95), clarity (0.80 to 0.90) and total scale (0.75 to 0.92). Cronbach's alpha values per question ranged from α = 0.70 to 0.81, and for total scale was α = 0.75. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) reflected Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values of 0.733, Bartlett's test of sphericity indicated a value of 968.680 (p < 0.001). The eigenvalues in the five dimensions reflected values from 1.05 to 4.03. The percentage of variance for factor 1 (barriers = 33.58 %), factor 2 (severity = 12.61 %), factor 3 (action cues = 10.78 %), factor 4 (barriers = 8.07 %), factor 5 (susceptibility = 7.63 %), and for the total scale was 74.12 %. Conclusion: HBM is a useful tool that allowed validation of the scale of beliefs about adherence to iron supplementation treatment in mothers of children with anemia living at high altitude in Peru.
Introducción: Introducción: la anemia en los niños puede provocar deficiencias cognitivas y motoras que pueden conducir a dificultades en el rendimiento académico y la resistencia física, afectando a la salud y el bienestar. Objetivo: desarrollar y validar una escala de creencias sobre la adherencia al tratamiento con suplemento de hierro en madres de niños con anemia (ECATSH) que viven en una región de altitud del Perú. Métodos: se efectuó un estudio transversal en 192 madres de niños con anemia que viven en una región de elevada altitud del Perú. Se utilizó el modelo de creencias de salud (MCS) para desarrollar y validar la ECATSH. Para la validez del contenido se utilizó el análisis de juicio de expertos (V de Aiken) y para la validez del constructo, el análisis factorial exploratorio. La confiabilidad se determinó por consistencia interna. Resultados: en la validez del contenido, la prueba V de Aiken reflejó valores concordantes para la pertinencia (0,60 a 0,90), relevancia (0,75 a 0,95), claridad (0,80 a 0,90) y la escala total (0,75 a 0,92). Los valores de la alfa de Cronbach por pregunta oscilaron desde α = 0,70 hasta 0,81, y para la escala total fue de α = 0,75. El análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) reflejó valores de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) de 0,733, la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett indicó un valor de 968,680 (p < 0,001). Los valores propios en las cinco dimensiones reflejaron valores desde 1,05 hasta 4,03. El porcentaje de la varianza para el factor 1 (barreras = 33,58 %), factor 2 (gravedad = 12,61 %), factor 3 (señales de acción = 10,78 %), factor 4 (barreras = 8,07 %), factor 5 (susceptibilidad = 7,63 %) y total de la escala fue de 74,12 %. Conclusión: el MCS es una herramienta útil que permitió validar la escala de creencias sobre la adherencia al tratamiento con suplemento de hierro en madres de niños con anemia que viven a elevada altitud del Perú.
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Anemia , Mães , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Suplementos Nutricionais , Feminino , Humanos , Ferro , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze whether fat mass (FM) and fat-free mass (FFM) should be evaluated by chronological age and/or biological age and propose curves to classify the body composition of young Chilean soccer players. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was developed. Six hundred and forty-two soccer players between 13.0 and 18.9 years of age were recruited. Body mass, height, trunk-cephalic height, and tricipital and subscapular skinfolds were evaluated. Biological maturation was determined using peak height velocity age (PHV) and the percentage of fat mass was estimated by regression equations. The reference percentiles were calculated using the LMS method. Results: The values of R2 were lower for chronological age (FM = 0.07% and FFM = 0.13%) than for biological age (FM = 0.31% and FFM = 0.50%). Eleven percentiles (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95 and p97) were calculated for FFM and FM. Conclusion: Biological age (PHV) is a better predictor of FFM and FM than chronological age. The references proposed can be used to monitor the body composition of young Chilean soccer players. Level of Evidence II; Diagnostic Study .
Resumen Objetivo: Analizar si la masa grasa (MG) y la masa libre de grasa (MLG) deben ser evaluadas por la edad cronológica y/o por la edad biológica, y proponer curvas para clasificar la composición corporal de jóvenes futbolistas chilenos. Métodos: Se elaboró un estudio descriptivo transversal. Fueron reclutados 642 futbolistas entre 13,0 y 18,9 años. Fueron medidas masa corporal, estatura, altura tronco-cefálica, pliegues cutáneos tricipital y subescapular. La madurez biológica fue determinada por la edad de pico de velocidad de crecimiento (EPVC) y el porcentual de masa grasa fue estimado por ecuaciones de regresión. Los percentiles de referencia fueron calculados por el método LMS. Resultados: Los valores de R2 para edad cronológica fueron menores (MG=0,07% y MLG=0,13%) en comparación con los valores para la edad biológica (MG=0,31% y MLG=0,50%). Fueron calculados 11 percentiles (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95 y p97) para la MLG y MG. Conclusión: La edad biológica (EPVC) es un predictor mejor de la MLG y de la MG que la edad cronológica. Las referencias propuestas pueden servir para monitorizar la composición corporal de jóvenes futbolistas chilenos. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudio de diagnóstico .
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar se a massa gorda (MG) e a massa livre de gordura (MLG) devem ser avaliadas pela idade cronológica e/ou pela idade biológica, e propor curvas para classificar a composição corporal de jovens futebolistas chilenos. Métodos: Elaborou-se um estudo descritivo transversal. Foram recrutados 642 futebolistas entre 13,0 e 18,9 anos. Massa corporal, estatura, altura tronco-cefálica, dobras cutâneas tricipital e subescapular foram medidas. A maturação biológica foi determinada pela idade de pico de velocidade de crescimento (IPVC) e o percentual de massa gorda foi estimado por equações de regressão. Os percentis de referência foram calculados pelo método LMS. Resultados: Os valores de R2para idade cronológica foram menores (MG = 0,07% e MLG=0,13%) em comparação com os valores para a idade biológica (MG = 0,31% e MLG = 0,50%). Foram calculados 11 percentis (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95 e p97) para a MLG e MG. Conclusão: A idade biológica (IPVC) é um preditor melhor da MLG e da MG do que a idade cronológica. As referências propostas podem servir para monitorar a composição corporal de jovens futebolistas chilenos. Nível de evidência II; Estudo de diagnóstico .
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Futebol/fisiologia , Composição Corporal/fisiologia , Valores de Referência , Chile , Estudos Transversais , AntropologiaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivos: a) Verificar la cantidad de estudios efectuados en Iberoamérica sobre función ejecutiva (FE) en adultos mayores; b) Identificar los instrumentos utilizados para medir las FE en adultos mayores durante los años 2009-2018. Material y métodos: Se efectuó un estudio bibliométrico sobre las FE en adultos mayores de Iberoamérica. La búsqueda de información se hizo en las base de datos Scopus y Scielo. Se consideraron estudios iberoamericanos publicados en idioma español y portugués, utilizándose ocho palabras clave y cinco indicadores registrados. Resultados: Se identificaron un total de 12 investigaciones originales en seis países iberoamericanos (España, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, y Perú). La mayor cantidad de investigaciones relacionadas con FE en asultos mayores tuvo lugar en los periodos 2009-2010 y 2013-2014. En estos estudios, se han utilizado varios instrumentos con el Trail Making Test (TMT) y la Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) como los de uso más frecuente. Conclusiones: Parece existir un interés limitado por investigar las FE en adultos mayores de Iberoamérica. La mayoría de los estudios idntificados en esta indagación utilizaron como tests cognitivos el TMT y la FAB.
SUMMARY Objectives: a) To verify the number of studies on executive functions (EF) in older adults carried out in Ibero-America; b) To identify the instruments used to measure EF in older adults during the years 2009-2018. Material and methods: A bibliometric study on EF in older adults in Latin America was carried out through the Scopus and Scielo databases. Studies published in Spanish and Portuguese languages using eight keywords and five registered indicators. Results: Between 2009 and 2018, a total of 12 original investigations have been carried out in six Iberoamerican countries (Spain, Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Cuba, and Peru). Most EF-related investigations were reported duing the 2010-2009 and 2013-2014 periods. Several instruments were used, the Trail Making Test and the Frontal Assessment Battery being the most frequent. Conclusions: There seems to be a limited interest in investigating EF in older adults in Ibero-America. Most of these studies identified in this inquiry used the TMT and the FAB as cognitive tests.
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Objetivo. Evaluar la reproductibilidad de las pruebas de competencia motriz (CM) de transposición lateral y salto lateral, y estimar percentiles por edad y sexo para niños que viven a altitud modera del Perú.Método. Se efectuó un estudio descriptivo transversal en la provincia de Arequipa (Perú). Se evaluó el peso, la estatura y la circunferencia de cintura. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal e índice ponderal. Se evaluó la prueba de transposición lateral y salto lateral (ambas de la batería Kopfer test für Kinder).Resultados. La muestra estuvo constituida por 885 niñas y 897 niños de 6,0 a 16,9 años. El error técnico de medida intraevaluador para ambas pruebas de CM oscilaron entre 1,75 y 3,9 repeticiones en ambos sexos, mientras que el coeficiente de correlación intraclase fue de 0,77 a 0,99. Los límites de acuerdo oscilaron entre -7,3 y 6,8 repeticiones en ambas pruebas. Se estimaron percentiles 5º, 15º, 50º, 85º y 95º por el método Least-Mean-Square algorithm. Los puntos de corte adoptados para las pruebas CM fueron bajo: < p15; regular: de p15 a p85; y alto: > p85.Conclusión. Las pruebas de transposición lateral y salto lateral mostraron una elevada capacidad de reproductibilidad. Los percentiles propuestos pueden servir para valorar la CM y podrían ser incluidos y adaptados como indicadores de desempeño en la educación física.
Objective. To assess the reproducibility of two motor competence (MC) tests: moving sideways and jumping sideways, and to estimate age and sex percentiles for children living at moderate altitude in Peru.Method. This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted in the province of Arequipa, Peru. Weight, height, and waist circumference were assessed. Body mass index and ponderal index were estimated. The moving sideways and jumping sideways tests were assessed (both from the Körper test für Kinder test battery).Results. The sample was made up of 885 girls and 897 boys aged 6.0-16.9 years. The intra-evaluator technical error of measurement for both MC tests ranged between 1.75 and 3.9 repetitions in both males and females, whereas the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.77-0.99. Agreement limits ranged between -7.3 and 6.8 repetitions for both tests. The 5th, 15th, 50th, 85th, and 95th percentiles were estimated using the Least-Mean-Square algorithm. The cut-off points for MC tests were low: < p15; medium: p15-p85; and high: > p85. Conclusion. Moving sideways and jumping sideways showed a high capacity for reproducibility. The proposed percentiles may be useful to assess MC and could be included and adapted as performance indicators in physical education
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Destreza Motora , Peru , Educação Física e Treinamento , Padrões de Referência , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , AltitudeRESUMO
Abstract Objective: a) Establish reference values for bone parameters by using the speed of sound (SOS, m/s) of broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA, dB/MHz) and establish a bone quality index (BQI = αSOS + βBUA) for children and adolescents living in a region of moderate altitude, b) compare bone parameters with an international standard (with different ethnic, socio-economic, and lifestyle backgrounds) by using ultrasound of the calcaneus (heel bone) (QUS). Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with children and adolescents between the ages of 6.0 and 16.9 years old. The sample was selected randomly. A total of 1322 subjects were studied. Weight, height, and bone parameters, using ultrasound of the calcaneus, were evaluated SOS, BUA, and BQI. Body Mass Index BMI was calculated. Results: The average age of males was 11.44 ± 0.35 years old, and for females, it was 11.43 ± 0.35 years old. The students in this research showed slightly higher values of SOS, BUA, and BQI for both sexes when compared with the international reference (the 50th percentile). Percentiles were generated (P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, and P97) using the LMS method [median (M), standard deviation (S), and power of the Box-Cox transformation (L)] by age and sex. Conclusion: The students living at a moderate altitude showed slightly higher values in bone parameters in relation to the international reference. This pattern depicted a population with a better state of bone health. The proposed percentiles may be used to categorize adequate to at risk bone parameters based on age and sex.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Calcâneo/diagnóstico por imagem , Peru , Valores de Referência , Densidade Óssea , Estudos Transversais , Ultrassonografia , AltitudeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Among older people, physical exercise improves cognitive function, aerobic fitness, and thus functional independence. Aim: To determine the effects of a walking training program on aerobic fitness and cognitive function in older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. MATERRIAL AND METHODS: An experimental study was carried out in 76 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus aged between 64 and 78 years. Thirty-eight women in the exercise group (EG) participated in a controlled walking program 3 times a week for 48 sessions (60min /day) and 38 women in the control group (CG) were not trained. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), estimated maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and cognitive function using the Minimental test were evaluated at baseline and the end of the intervention. RESULTS: The Minimental test improved significantly in the exercise group and did not change in the control group. Estimated VO-2max improved in women aged between 69 and 78 years. The distance walked in 6 minutes increased in all women of the experimental group. No changes in these parameters were observed in the control group. Conclusions: A structured walking program improved cognitive function, estimated aerobic capacity, and walking distance in these diabetic women.
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Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/terapia , Consumo de Oxigênio , Exercício Físico , Aptidão Física , CogniçãoRESUMO
RESUMEN: Los maestros de educación general han expresado su preocupación por la inclusión de educandos con Trastornos del Espectro Autista, debido a la falta de habilidades sociales de los niños, comportamientos estereotipados e intereses restringidos. El objetivo de este estudio es describir y comparar el estado actual de la preparación de los maestros de primaria para estimular la socialización de los educandos con Trastornos del Espectro Autista en escuelas inclusivas. A la luz de una metodología cuantitativa se realizó un estudio descriptivo-comparativo de corte transversal. Se estudiaron 74 maestros (52 mujeres y 22 hombres) encargados de cumplir con el rol docente-educativo de atender a los educandos con Trastornos del Espectro Autista en condiciones de inclusión en una provincia occidental de Cuba. El rango de edad oscila entre 22 y 57 años. Se aplicó un cuestionario y una Ficha de Observación previamente validados para medir la preparación teórica-metodológica y práctica de los maestros. Los resultados muestran que los maestros presentan dificultades para estimular la socialización de los educandos con autismo en escuelas inclusivas. Asimismo, el grado académico, la experiencia en espacios educacionales inclusivos y el área disciplinar resultaron ser variables sociodemográficas que determinan la preparación de los maestros para cumplir con esta tarea educativa. Estos resultados aportan información clave para diseñar estrategias y planes de acción, tanto en la formación inicial como en la práctica cotidiana, en aras de potenciar las competencias teóricas y prácticas de los maestros que asumen este desafío.
ABSTRACT: Basic Education teachers have expressed concern about the inclusion of learners with Autism Spectrum Disorder, due to children's lack of social skills, stereotypical behaviors, and restricted interests. The objective of this study was to describe and compare the current state of preparation of Elementary School teachers to stimulate the socialization of students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in inclusive schools. In the light of a quantitative methodology, a descriptive-comparative cross-sectional study was carried out. Seventy-four teachers (52 women and 22 men) in charge of fulfilling the teaching-educational role of attending to students with Autism Spectrum Disorder in conditions of inclusion in a Western province of Cuba were studied. The age ranged from 22 to 57 years. A previously validated questionnaire and Observation Sheet were applied to measure teachers' theoretical-methodological and practical preparation. The results show that teachers have difficulties in stimulating the socialization of learners with autism in inclusive schools. Likewise, the academic degree, the experience in inclusive educational spaces and the disciplinary area turned out to be sociodemographic variables that determine the preparation of the teachers to fulfill this educational task. These results provide key information to design strategies and action plans, both in initial training and in daily practice, in order to enhance the theoretical and practical skills of teachers who take on this challenge.
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Objetivo. Analizar la asociación entre la fuerza de prensión manual relativa (FPMR) y la masa grasa (MG), controlando el posible efecto del estado de madurez.Metodología. Se estudiaron niños y adolescentes de ambos sexos con un rango de edad de ≥ 7,5 a ≤ 15,49 años. Se evaluó la FPMR mediante un dinamómetro hidráulico manual. El porcentaje de MG se evaluó mediante la absorciometría de rayos X de doble energía. Para analizar las diferencias por sexo y grupo etario y entre los niños normopesos y obesos en los niveles de FPMR, se utilizó el análisis de covarianza. Se consideraron como covariable los años de pico de velocidad de crecimiento (estado de madurez). Para analizar la asociación entre los niveles de FPMR y MG, se utilizó la correlación parcial, controlando el año de pico de velocidad de crecimiento.Resultados. Participaron 1685 escolares (731 mujeres y 954 varones). Fueron conformados 4 grupos de edad (7,5-9,4 años; 9,5-11,4 años; 11,5-13,4 años y 13,5-15,4 años). La FPMR aumentó con la edad en ambos sexos. Los valores de MG fueron elevados en todos los grupos etarios. No hubo diferencias en los grupos 3 y 4 en las niñas y en el grupo 4 de los niños. Los niños clasificados como peso normal presentaron significativamente mayor FPMR que los obesos. Se observó una asociación negativa entre FPMR y MG.Conclusión. Se demostró que la FPMR estaba negativamente asociada con la MG, tras controlar el efecto del estado de madurez
Objective. To analyze the association between relative handgrip strength (RHGS) and fat mass (FM) after controlling for the potential effect of maturity status.Methodology. Both male and female children and adolescents aged ≥ 7.5 to ≤ 15.49 years were studied. RHGS was assessed using a hydraulic hand dynamometer. FM percentage was established using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Age and sex differences in RHGS levels between normal weight and obese participants were studied with an analysis of covariance. A covariate was years from peak height velocity (maturity status). The association between RHGS and FM levels was analyzed using a partial correlation and controlling for age at peak height velocity.Results. A total of 1685 students (731 girls and 954 boys) participated. Four age groups were established (7.5-9.4 years, 9.5-11.4 years, 11.5-13.4 years, and 13.5-15.4 years). RHGS increased with age in both males and females. FM values were high in all age groups. No differences were observed in groups 3 and 4 among girls or in group 4 among boys. Participants classified as normal weight showed a significantly higher RHGS than their obese peers. A negative association was noted between RHGS and FM.Conclusion. RHGS was shown to be negatively associated with FM after controlling for the effect of maturity status
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Força Muscular , Índice de Massa Corporal , Chile , Tecido Adiposo , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Crescimento e Desenvolvimento , ObesidadeRESUMO
Background: Excess fat mass (FM) has a higher risk of producing sarcopenia, physical deterioration and reduced quality of life in older people. Aim: To propose regression equations based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) to predict fat mass using double energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as the gold standard. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study in 1,188 participants (523 men and 665 women) aged 60 to 85 years. Ten percent of these (59 men and 60 women) were randomly selected to propose FM equations using DXA. The remaining 90% was used to calculate FM and develop percentiles. Results: Two equations were proposed to estimate FM [men: FM = −29,502+ (1,912 * BMI) R2 = 79%, women: FM = −9,891+ (1,323 * BMI) R2 = 80%]. Ten, 50, 85 and 95 percentiles were developed to evaluate FM. Conclusions: This study developed reliable regression equations and referential values to estimate FM in older people.
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Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade de Vida , Composição Corporal , Índice de Massa Corporal , Absorciometria de Fóton , Tecido Adiposo , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
The objective was to determine the types of studies that have been carried out according to year and region and to verify the physical tests used according to physical fitness dimensions from 2010 to 2018. A systematic review was carried out. Physical fitness (study types and physical tests) was studied in Chile. The PubMed database was used, considering the period from 2010 to 2018. The keywords used in Spanish were: aptitud física, niños y adolescentes, Chile, and in English: physical aptitude, children and adolescents. The information was recorded on an observation sheet and for the data, the PRISM flow chart was used. 18 studies were identified. 88.9% are descriptive (cross-sectional) studies, 11.1% quasi-experimental. 38.9% were made in the Metropolitan region, 33.3% in Maule, 11% in Araucanía, 5.6% for each region of Los Lagos, Ñuble, and other unspecified regions. In the muscular dimension, it was determined that 38.9% used the manual clamping force and 50% the horizontal leap. In the cardiorespiratory dimension, 27.8% applied the Course-Navette test, 16.7% the 6-minute walk test, and 11% the 100-meter speed test. A high number of descriptive (cross-sectional) investigations were identified and the most commonly used physical tests were horizontal leap, manual clamping force, Course-Navette test, and 6-minute walk test. These results suggest the need to develop experimental and longitudinal studies, as well as the inclusion of morphological and motor dimensions in their protocols
El objetivo fue determinar los tipos de estudio que se han efectuado según año y región, y verificar las pruebas físicas utilizadas según dimensiones de la aptitud física durante 2010 a 2018. Se efectuó una revisión sistemática. Se estudió la aptitud física (tipos de estudio y pruebas físicas) en Chile. Se utilizó la base de datos PubMed, considerando el período 2010 a 2018. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron, en español: aptitud física, niños y adolescentes, Chile, y en inglés: physical aptitude, children and adolescents. La información se registró en una ficha de observación y para la organización de datos se utilizó el diagrama de flujo PRISMA. Se identificaron 18 estudios. El 88.9% son de tipo descriptivo (transversales); el 11.1%, cuasiexperimentales. El 38.9% se efectuó en la región Metropolitana; el 33.3%, en El Maule; 11%, en la Araucanía; 5.6% para cada región de Los Lagos, Ñuble y no especificada. En la dimensión muscular, se determinó que el 38.9% utilizó la fuerza de prensión manual y el 50% el salto horizontal. En la dimensión cardiorrespiratoria, el 27.8% aplicó el test de Course Navette; el 16.7%, la caminata de 6 minutos, y el 11%, la prueba de velocidad de 100 metros. Se identificó un elevado número de investigaciones descriptivas (transversales) y las pruebas físicas más utilizadas fueron salto horizontal, fuerza de presión manual prueba de Course Navette y la caminata de 6 minutos. Estos resultados sugieren la necesidad de desarrollar estudios experimentales y longitudinales, así como la inclusión de dimensiones morfológicas y motoras en sus protocolos
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Chile , Aptidão Física , Teste de Esforço , Estilo de VidaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Introduction Aerobic fitness is an important predictor that contributes to the preservation of functional independence during the aging process. Its measurement represents a fundamental tool in the identification of multiple health problems. Objective To compare the aerobic capacity of adults and elderly subjects through international studies and to develop percentiles by age group using the LMS method. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 1146 subjects (437 men and 709 women). The age group of the sample ranged from 50 to 84 years. The subjects evaluated came from the physical activity programs offered by the National Sports Institute (IND) and by the city council of Talca (Chile). Body mass, stature, oxygen saturation (SatO2), six-minute walk test, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure were assessed. Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated for both sexes. The LMS method was used to propose the percent distribution. Results Aerobic capacity decreases with age (28.5% for men and 29.9% for women). There was a negative relationship between age and the six-minute walk test (men r = -0.13 and women r = -0.39). There was a discrepancy between the elderly subjects in the current study and those from international studies. The normative data for the classification of aerobic fitness were expressed in percentiles (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95 and p97). Conclusion The aerobic performance of elderly subjects diminishes as they age; in addition, the current results differ from international studies, which motivated the development of percentiles to classify aerobic fitness in everyday situations, especially in places with few resources and particularly where field tests are considered a priority for large-scale physical evaluation. Level of evidence II; Diagnostic studies - investigation of diagnostic test.
RESUMO Introdução A aptidão aeróbia é importante preditor que contribui com a preservação da independência funcional à medida que se envelhece. Sua mensuração transforma-se em ferramenta fundamental na identificação de múltiplos problemas de saúde. Objetivo Comparar a capacidade aeróbia de adultos e idosos com estudos internacionais e desenvolver percentis por faixas etárias, utilizando o método LMS. Métodos Elaborou-se um estudo descritivo transversal com 1.146 sujeitos (437 homens e 709 mulheres). A faixa etária da amostra variou de 50 a 84 anos. Os sujeitos avaliados eram oriundos dos programas de atividade física oferecidos pelo Instituto Nacional de Desporto (IND) e pela prefeitura de Talca (Chile). Avaliaram-se massa corporal, estatura, saturação de oxigênio (SatO2), teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e pressão arterial diastólica e sistólica. Calculou-se o índice de massa corporal (IMC) para ambos os sexos. Utilizou-se o método LMS para propor a distribuição percentílica. Resultados A capacidade aeróbia diminui com o decorrer da idade (28,5% para os homens e 29,9% para as mulheres). Houve relação negativa entre a idade e o teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (homens: r = -0,13; mulheres: r = -0,39). Observou-se discrepância entre os idosos do presente estudo com os de estudos internacionais. Os dados normativos para a classificação da aptidão aeróbia foram expressos em percentis (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95 y p97). Conclusão Os idosos diminuem o desempenho aeróbio conforme a idade avança. Os presentes resultados diferem dos estudos internacionais, o que motivou o desenvolvimento dos percentis para classificar a aptidão aeróbia em situações cotidianas, especialmente em locais com poucos recursos e principalmente onde os testes de campo são considerados prioritários para avaliação física em larga escala. Nível de evidência II; Estudos diagnóstico - investigação de teste diagnóstico.
RESUMEN Introducción La aptitud aeróbica es un importante predictor que contribuye con la preservación de la independencia funcional a medida que se envejece. Su medición se transforma en una herramienta fundamental en la identificación de múltiples problemas de salud. Objetivo Comparar la capacidad aeróbica de adultos y ancianos con estudios internacionales y desarrollar percentiles por grupos de edad utilizando el método LMS. Métodos Se elaboró un estudio descriptivo transversal con 1146 sujetos (437 hombres y 709 mujeres). El grupo de edad de la muestra varió de 50 a 84 años. Los sujetos evaluados eran oriundos de los programas de actividad física ofrecidos por el Instituto Nacional de Deporte (IND) y por la Municipalidad de Talca (Chile). Se evaluaron masa corporal, estatura, saturación de oxígeno (SatO2), test de seis minutos de caminata y presión arterial diastólica y sistólica. Se calculó el índice de masa corporal (IMC) para ambos sexos. Se usó el método LMS para proponer la distribución de percentil. Resultados La capacidad aeróbica disminuye con el transcurso de la edad (28,5% para los hombres y 29,9% para las mujeres). Hubo relación negativa entre la edad y el test de caminata de seis minutos (hombres r= -0,13 y mujeres r= -0,39). Se observó discrepancia entre los ancianos del presente estudio con los de estudios internacionales. Los datos normativos para la clasificación de la aptitud aeróbica fueron expresados en percentiles (p3, p5, p10, p15, p25, p50, p75, p85, p90, p95 y p97). Conclusión Los ancianos disminuyen el rendimiento aeróbico conforme avanza la edad. Los presentes resultados difieren de los estudios internacionales, lo que motivó el desarrollo de los percentiles para clasificar la aptitud aeróbica en situaciones cotidianas, especialmente en locales con pocos recursos y principalmente donde los tests de campo son considerados prioritarios para la evaluación física a larga escala. Nivel de Evidencia II; Estudios diagnóstico-investigación de test diagnóstico.
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Abstract Objective: Evaluate the relationship between body mass index and physical fitness in a cross-sectional sample of Brazilian youth. Methods: Participants were 3849 adolescents (2027 girls) aged 10 -17 years. Weight and height were measured; body mass index was calculated. Physical fitness was evaluated with a multistage 20 m shuttle run (cardiovascular endurance), standing long jump (power), and push-ups (upper body strength). Participants were grouped by sex into four age groups: 10 -11, 12 -13, 14 -15, and 16 -17 years. Sex-specific ANOVA was used to evaluate differences in each physical fitness item among weight status categories by age group. Relationships between body mass index and each physical fitness item were evaluated with quadratic regression models by age group within each sex. Results: The physical fitness of thin and normal youth was, with few exceptions, significantly better than the physical fitness of overweight and obese youth in each age group by sex. On the other hand, physical fitness performances did not consistently differ, on average, between thin and normal weight and between overweight and obese youths. Results of the quadratic regressions indicated a curvilinear (parabolic) relationship between body mass index and each physical fitness item in most age groups. Better performances were attained by adolescents in the mid-range of the body mass index distribution, while performances of youth at the low and high ends of the body mass index distribution were lower. Conclusion: Relationships between the body mass index and physical fitness were generally nonlinear (parabolic) in youth 10 -17 years.
Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a relação entre o índice de massa corporal e a aptidão física em uma amostra transversal de jovens brasileiros. Métodos: Os participantes foram 3.849 adolescentes (2.027 meninas) entre 10-17 anos. Foram medidos o peso e a estatura e foi calculado o índice de massa corporal. A aptidão física foi avaliada com: a corrida vaivém de 20 metros de vários estágios (resistência cardiovascular), impulsão horizontal (energia) e flexões (força superior do corpo). Os participantes foram agrupados por sexo em quatro faixas etárias: 10-11, 12-13, 14-15 e 16-17 anos. A Anova específica para sexo foi usada para avaliar as diferenças em cada item de aptidão física entre as categorias de status do peso por faixa etária. As relações entre o índice de massa corporal e cada item de aptidão física foram avaliadas com os modelos de regressão quadrática por faixa etária com relação ao sexo. Resultados: A aptidão física de jovens magros e normais foi, com poucas exceções, significativamente melhor do que a aptidão física de jovens com sobrepeso e obesos em cada faixa etária por sexo. Por outro lado, os desempenhos na aptidão física não diferiram de forma consistente, em média, entre jovens magros e com peso normal e entre jovens com sobrepeso e obesos. Os resultados das regressões quadráticas indicaram uma relação curvilínea (parabólica) entre o índice de massa corporal e cada item de aptidão física na maior parte das faixas etárias. Os melhores desempenhos foram obtidos pelos adolescentes na faixa intermediária da distribuição do índice de massa corporal, ao passo que os desempenhos dos jovens nas extremidades inferiores e superiores da distribuição do índice de massa corporal foram menores. Conclusão: As relações entre o índice de massa corporal e a aptidão física foram, em geral, não lineares (parabólica) nos jovens entre 10-17 anos.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Magreza/fisiopatologia , Índice de Massa Corporal , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Obesidade Infantil/fisiopatologia , Aptidão Cardiorrespiratória/fisiologia , Brasil , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
Objetivos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron los siguientes: a) construir un instrumento válido y confiable que evaluara, por autoinforme, los trastornos del sueño en adolescentes escolares chilenos y b) desarrollar valores percentílicos según la edad y el sexo. Metodología. Se efectuó un estudio de tipo descriptivo de corte transversal en 2310 adolescentes escolares de la Región del Maule, Chile. Se construyó el autoinforme de trastornos del sueño considerando cinco categorías (duración, alteraciones, problemas en la respiración, fatiga y uso de estimulantes). Se validó por medio del análisis factorial confirmatorio. La fiabilidad se evaluó por la consistencia interna. Se crearon percentiles a través del método LMS (L: asimetría, M: mediana y S: coeficiente de variación). Resultados. Las preguntas 3, 9 y 12 presentaron saturaciones inferiores a 0,40, y las demás preguntas reflejaron saturaciones superiores a 0,41. El valor de adecuación Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin fue 0,749 y la prueba de esfericidad de X2= 4790,09; el porcentaje de la varianza explicó el 62,1 %. El alfa de Cronbach mostró valores entre 0,71 y 0,76. Conclusión. El autoinforme desarrollado para medir los trastornos del sueño en los adolescentes puede ser aplicado de forma válida y confiable en programas de ciencias de la salud, de la educación y del deporte. Se sugiere el uso de percentiles para identificar los patrones normales y/o trastornos del sueño por edad y género.
Objectives. The objectives of this study included: a) to develop a valid and reliable self-reporting instrument to assess sleep disorders among Chilean adolescent students and b) to develop percentiles for age and sex. Methodology. This was a descriptive, crosssectional study in 2310 adolescent students conducted in the Maule Region, Chile. The sleep disorder self-report was developed considering five categories: duration, alterations, breathing problems, fatigue, and stimulant use. The instrument was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was assessed based on internal consistency. Percentiles were developed using the LMS method (L: lambda, asymmetry; M: mu, median; S: sigma, coefficient of variation). Results. Questions 3, 9, and 12 showed saturation values below 0.40, while the rest had saturation values above 0.41. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of adequacy was 0.749 and the test of sphericity X2 was 4790.09; the percentage of variance accounted for 62.1%. Cronbach's alpha ranged between 0.71 and 0.76. Conclusion. The self-report developed to measure sleep disorders in adolescents is valid and reliable for its use in health, education, and sports science programs. Percentiles should be used to identify normal patterns and/or sleep disorders by sex and age.
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Humanos , Adolescente , Sono , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Estudo de Validação , AutorrelatoRESUMO
Resumen: Un alto nivel de aptitud física en la infancia y la adolescencia se asocia con resultados de salud física y mental más favorables. Objetivo: Comparar la adiposidad corporal y el salto horizontal con estudios internacionales y analizar la relación entre indicadores de adiposidad corporal y salto horizontal en niños y adolescentes. Pacientes y Método: Estudio descriptivo en 812 adolescentes de Talca (Chi le), con un rango de edad entre 10,0 a 16,9 años. Se evaluó el peso, estatura, la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y el Salto Horizontal (SH) previo calentamiento de 10-15 minutos para evaluar la fuerza explosiva de las extremidades inferiores según protocolo de Castro-Piñero et al. Se comparó la adiposidad y el SH con estudios nacionales e internacionales. La normalidad de los datos fue ve rificada por el test de Kolmogorov-Smirnov. Se crearon curvas de percentiles (p50) suavizadas para el IMC, CC y SH para cada sexo según el método LMS. Resultados: Los adolescentes mostraron discrepancias en la adiposidad corporal y en el desempeño del SH con los estudios internacionales. En ambos sexos se verificaron correlaciones negativas y significativas entre el IMC y el SH (hom bres r= -0,104 y mujeres r= -0,149) y entre la CC y el SH (hombres r= -0,100 y mujeres r= -0,131). Los adolescentes que fueron clasificados en el tercil 1 (bueno) y tercil 2 (satisfactorio) presentaron menor adiposidad corporal (IMC y CC) y mejor desempeño en el SH en relación a los del tercil 3 (pobre). Conclusión: Se observó mayor adiposidad corporal y menor desempeño en el SH respecto a los estudios internacionales. Además, se verificó una relación negativa entre adiposidad corporal y SH. Estos hallazgos sugieren que el aumento progresivo de la adiposidad conforme la edad aumenta limita negativamente el desempeño de la fuerza de las extremidades inferiores de los niños y ado lescentes estudiados.
Abstract: A high level of physical fitness in childhood and adolescence is associated with more favorable phy sical and mental health outcomes. Objective: To compare body adiposity and horizontal jump per formance with international studies and to analyze the relationship between body adiposity and ho rizontal jump performance indicators in children and adolescents. Patients and Method: Descriptive study conducted on 812 adolescents from Talca (Chile), with an age range between 10.0 and 16.9 years. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC) and Horizontal jump (HJ) were evaluated after warm-up for 10 to 15 minutes to evaluate the explosive strength of the lower extremities according to the protocol of Castro-Piñero et al. Adiposity and HJ were compared with national and international studies. The data normality was verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Smoothed percentile cur ves (p50) were created for BMI, WC, and HJ for each gender according to the LMS method. Results: Adolescents showed differences in body adiposity and HJ performance with international studies. In both genders, negative and significant correlations were found between the BMI and the HJ (men r = -0.104 and women r = -0.149) and between the WC and the HJ (men r = -0.100 and women r = -0.131). The adolescents who were classified in tertile 1 (good) and tertile 2 (satisfactory) had lower body adiposity (BMI and WC) and better HJ performance than those in tertile 3 (poor). Conclusion: Higher body adiposity and lower HJ performance were observed compared to international studies. In addition, a negative relationship between body adiposity and HJ was found. These findings suggest that the progressive increase of adiposity as age increases negatively affects the strength performance of the lower extremities of the studied children and adolescents.