RESUMO
The single nucleotide polymorphism I148M of the lipase patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 3 (PNPLA3) is associated with an unfavorable prognosis in alcoholic and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (ASH, NASH), with progression to liver cirrhosis and development of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the mechanistic interaction of PNPLA3 with lipid droplet (LD)-associated proteins of the perilipin family, which serve as gatekeepers for LD degradation. In a collective of 106 NASH, ASH and control liver samples, immunohistochemical analyses revealed increased ballooning, inflammation and fibrosis, as well as an accumulation of PNPLA3-perilipin 5 complexes on larger LDs in patients homo- and heterozygous for PNPLA3(I148M). Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated an interaction of PNPLA3 with perilipin 5 and the key enzyme of lipolysis, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL). Localization studies in cell cultures and human liver showed colocalization of perilipin 5, ATGL and PNPLA3. Moreover, the lipolytic activity of ATGL was negatively regulated by PNPLA3 and perilipin 5, whereas perilipin 1 displaced PNPLA3 from the ATGL complex. Furthermore, ballooned hepatocytes, the hallmark of steatohepatitis, were positive for PNPLA3 and perilipins 2 and 5, but showed decreased perilipin 1 expression with respect to neighboured hepatocytes. In summary, PNPLA3- and ATGL-driven lipolysis is significantly regulated by perilipin 1 and 5 in steatohepatitis.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Hepáticas , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica , Humanos , Lipólise , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/genética , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/patologia , Perilipina-1 , Perilipina-5RESUMO
Catecholamines stimulate the first step of lipolysis by PKA-dependent release of the lipid droplet-associated protein ABHD5 from perilipin to co-activate the lipase ATGL. Here, we unmask a yet unrecognized proteolytic and cardioprotective function of ABHD5. ABHD5 acts in vivo and in vitro as a serine protease cleaving HDAC4. Through the production of an N-terminal polypeptide of HDAC4 (HDAC4-NT), ABHD5 inhibits MEF2-dependent gene expression and thereby controls glucose handling. ABHD5-deficiency leads to neutral lipid storage disease in mice. Cardiac-specific gene therapy of HDAC4-NT does not protect from intra-cardiomyocyte lipid accumulation but strikingly from heart failure, thereby challenging the concept of lipotoxicity-induced heart failure. ABHD5 levels are reduced in failing human hearts and murine transgenic ABHD5 expression protects from pressure-overload induced heart failure. These findings represent a conceptual advance by connecting lipid with glucose metabolism through HDAC4 proteolysis and enable new translational approaches to treat cardiometabolic disease.
Assuntos
1-Acilglicerol-3-Fosfato O-Aciltransferase/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilases/metabolismo , Gotículas Lipídicas , Proteínas Repressoras/metabolismo , Células 3T3-L1 , Animais , Insuficiência Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Camundongos , Ligação Proteica , Proteólise , Serina Proteases/metabolismoRESUMO
Metabolism in mammals is regulated by complex interplay among different organs. Fatty acid synthesis is increased in white adipose tissue (WAT) when it is inhibited in the liver. Here we identify glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (Gpnmb) as one liver-WAT cross-talk factor involved in lipogenesis. Inhibition of the hepatic sterol regulatory element-binding protein pathway leads to increased transcription of Gpnmb and promotes processing of the membrane protein to a secreted form. Gpnmb stimulates lipogenesis in WAT and exacerbates diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. In humans, Gpnmb is tightly associated with body mass index and is a strong risk factor for obesity. Gpnmb inhibition by a neutralizing antibody or liver-specific knockdown improves metabolic parameters, including weight gain reduction and increased insulin sensitivity, probably by promoting the beiging of WAT. These results suggest that Gpnmb is a liver-secreted factor regulating lipogenesis in WAT, and that Gpnmb inhibition may provide a therapeutic strategy in obesity and diabetes.
Assuntos
Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Proteínas do Olho/metabolismo , Resistência à Insulina , Fígado/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo , Animais , Proteínas do Olho/genética , Proteínas do Olho/fisiologia , Homeostase , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/genética , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intracelular/metabolismo , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Lipogênese/genética , Lipogênese/fisiologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/genética , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Camundongos , Camundongos Knockout , Receptores do Fator Autócrino de Motilidade/genética , Receptores do Fator Autócrino de Motilidade/metabolismo , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) disease is a fatal inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by loss-of-function mutations in the NPC1 or NPC2 gene. There is no effective way to treat NPC disease. In this study, we used adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 (AAV9) to deliver a functional NPC1 gene systemically into NPC1-/- mice at postnatal day 4. One single AAV9-NPC1 injection resulted in robust NPC1 expression in various tissues, including brain, heart, and lung. Strikingly, AAV9-mediated NPC1 delivery significantly promoted Purkinje cell survival, restored locomotor activity and coordination, and increased the lifespan of NPC1-/- mice. Our work suggests that AAV-based gene therapy is a promising means to treat NPC disease.