Self-reported clinical features and treatment effectiveness of Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome patients from five Latin American countries: A cross-sectional online survey study.

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Most studies about Papillon-Lefèvre syndrome (PLS) are limited to case reports and patients of the same nationality. This study aimed to determine the self-reported prevalence of signs, symptoms and treatment effectiveness in PLS patients from five Latin American countries. METHODS: An online survey was conducted among adult and paediatric patients from Mexico, Argentina, Colombia and Brazil. Data were collected using multiple-choice, open-ended and image-chooser questions on demographics, signs and symptoms, perceived treatment effectiveness and quality of life. RESULTS: Seventeen patients (10 males and 7 females) aged 4-47 years were surveyed. All had palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Other affected sites were the feet and hand dorsum (82.35%), Achilles tendon (88.24%), forearms (58.82%), legs (29.41%) and glutes (23.53%). They frequently presented hyperhidrosis and nail pitting. Four had a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. All used topical treatments, with moderate effectiveness; half used oral retinoids, perceived as highly effective. Most reported decreased quality of life and walking difficulties. CONCLUSIONS: The study's results align with prior research on PLS, but reveal new insights, including the impact on patients' quality of life and a history of delayed umbilical cord separation. These findings warrant consideration in future research and patient care.

Chemical and sensory assessment of extra virgin olive oil blends with omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids from plant origin

Extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is known for its health benefits, although it provides a minimum amount of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), which play an important role in the human organism. In this study, EVOO was blended with vegetable oils which are rich sources of n-3 PUFA alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and/or stearidonic acid (SDA) (chia, walnut, linseed and viper's bugloss seed oils). Fatty acid profiles, induction time, and organoleptic characteristics of the resulting blends were assessed. The n-3 PUFA enrichment in the blends was proportional to the degree of blending. Sensory analysis carried out by a trained panel showed that it is possible to enrich EVOO with up to 20% chia, linseed and viper's bugloss seed oil without altering the original organoleptic characteristics of EVOO. However, the induction time of the blends was significantly reduced compared with EVOO even after adding n-3 PUFA in small proportions, meaning that shelf-life time of these blends is much lower than that of EVOO, which should be considered when preparing these products for commercial purposes.

El aceite de oliva extra virgen (AOEV) es ampliamente conocido por sus beneficios para la salud, aunque apenas aporta ácidos grasos poliinsaturados n-3 (AGPI n-3), los cuales juegan un papel importante en el organismo humano. En este estudio se elaboraron mezclas de AOEV con aceites vegetales ricos en ácido alfa-linolénico (ALA) y/o estearidónico (SDA) (chia, nuez, linaza y viborera). Se evaluaron los perfiles de ácidos grasos, tiempos de inducción y características organolépticas de las mezclas resultantes. El enriquecimiento en AGPI n-3 fue proporcional al grado de mezcla. El análisis sensorial llevado a cabo por un panel entrenado mostró que es posible enriquecer AOEV con hasta un 20% de aceite de chia, linaza o viborera sin alterar las características organolépticas originales del AOEV. Sin embargo, los tiempos de inducción de las mezclas fueron significativamente menores que el del AOEV, incluso tras añadir AGPI n-3 en pequeñas proporciones, lo que significa que el tiempo de vida media de las mezclas es mucho menor que el del AOEV. Este hecho debería tenerse en cuenta al preparar las mezclas con propósitos comerciales.

Gusto dulce: Percepción, fuentes alimentarias y preferencias

El dulzor es un atributo característico de alimentos y bebidas que contienen azúcares u otros edulcorantes. El uso de azú-cares ha sido reemplazado por otros edulcorantes, a fin de disminuir los efectos nocivos de éstos en diferentes resultados de salud. Sin embargo, se ha sugerido que el gusto dulce, independiente de su origen, podría tener efectos indeseados en la salud. En este artículo se revisan diversos aspectos relacionados con el gusto dulce, desde su percepción, su presencia en alimentos y líquidos, las preferencias innatas y adquiridas por este gusto y los productos que lo aportan. Se analiza además la importancia de estudiar el rol del gusto dulce en la dieta y salud.

Sweetness is a characteristic of foods and beverages that contain sugars or other sweeteners. Sugars have been replaced by other sweeteners to reduce their harmful effects on different health outcomes. However, it has been suggested that the sweet taste, regardless of its origin, could have unwanted effects on health. This article reviews various aspects of sweet taste, from its perception, presence in foods and liquids, innate and acquired preferences for this taste, and the products that provide it. We also analyzed the importance of studying the role of sweet taste in diet and health.

Personal and professional characteristics of the primary care nurse in the cultural care of migrant populations / Características pessoais e profissionais do enfermeiro de cuidados primários no cuidado cultural de populações migrantes / Características personales y profesionales del enfermero de atención primaria en el cuidado cultural de poblaciones migrantes

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the personal and professional characteristics perceived by primary nurses from a province located in the Maule region, Chile, regarding care with cultural relevance of the migrant person. Method Qualitative paradigm with an instrumental case study design, participated 9 professionals from 3 Family Health Centers, meeting inclusion criteria. The article is part of the doctoral thesis work and has the approval of the Scientific Ethics Committee of the Universidad Católica Del Maule. Data collection was through in-depth semi-structured interviews, between January and February 2020. The analysis was carried out from Albert Schütz's sociophenomenology with hermeneutical components. Results Empathy and cultural knowledge stand out as personal characteristics and in the professional area, comprehensive knowledge, and care. Final considerations Caring with cultural relevance is a challenge for nursing, training in cultural competence is required and continue researching on the subject.

RESUMO Objetivo Analisar as características pessoais e profissionais que os enfermeiros da atenção primária em uma província da região de Maule, Chile, quanto ao cuidado com relevância cultural à pessoa migrante. Método Paradigma qualitativo, com desenho de estudo de caso instrumental. Participaram 9 profissionais de 3 Centros de Saúde da Família que atenderam aos critérios de inclusão para participação no estudo. Este trabalho faz parte de uma tese de doutorado, aprovada previamente pelo Comitê de Ética Científico da Universidad Católica del Maule. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas em profundidade entre janeiro e fevereiro de 2020. A análise foi realizada a partir da fenomenologia social de Albert Schütz com componentes hermenêuticos. Resultados A empatia e o conhecimento cultural destacam-se como características pessoais e conhecimento e cuidados integrais são destacados como características profissionais. Considerações finais Cuidar com relevância cultural é um desafio para a enfermagem, pois exige formação em competência cultural e pesquisas contínuas sobre essa temática.

RESUMEN Objetivo Analizar las características personales y profesionales que perciben los enfermeros y enfermeras de atención primaria de una provincia de la región del Maule, Chile, respecto al cuidado con pertinencia cultural a la persona migrante. Método Paradigma cualitativo con diseño estudio de caso de tipo instrumental, participaron 9 profesionales de 3 Centros de Salud Familiar que cumplieron criterios de inclusión; el artículo es parte del trabajo de tesis doctoral, cuenta con la aprobación del Comité de Ética Científico de la Universidad Católica del Maule. Recolección de datos fue mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en profundidad, entre enero y febrero 2020. El análisis se realizó desde la sociofenomenología de Albert Schütz con componentes hermenéuticos. Resultados Destaca la empatía y conocimiento cultural como características personales y del área profesional conocimientos y cuidados integrales. Consideraciones finales Cuidar con pertinencia cultural es desafío para enfermería, se requiere formación en competencia cultural y continuar investigando en la temática.

Aplicación y efectividad de un modelo educativo en hábitos saludables con entrega de fruta y programa de actividad física en escolares

RESUMEN El objetivo fue evaluar una intervención educativa en hábitos de alimentación saludable basada en el programa Colación BKN en pre-escolares y escolares entre los años 2013-2018. Diseño longitudinal con comparación de cortes trasversales en escolares de prekínder a cuarto año básico durante 4 años en 14 escuelas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. El programa consistió en entrega de fruta como colación, educación alimentaria, mejora de la actividad física y kioscos escolares, con participación de profesores y familias. Como resultado se observó una mejoría de los conocimientos en alimentación saludable de los niños, con una excelente satisfacción de usuarios. Sobrepeso y obesidad se mantuvieron el 2016 y 2018, pero aumentaron el 2015 y 2017. En escuelas similares no intervenidas el exceso de peso fue mayor con respecto a las del programa. Hubo una tendencia a disminuir el consumo de dulces y bebidas azucaradas en prekínder y kínder entre 2014 y 2017 y el consumo de 3 porciones al día de frutas y verduras en niños intervenidos fue superior al promedio nacional de 2 porciones al día.Conclusiones: Hubo un aumento exitoso en el consumo de frutas y verduras, educación alimentaria y actividad física para el cambio hacia hábitos más saludables.

ABSTRACT The objective was to evaluate an educational intervention for healthy eating habits based on the Colación BKN program, among preschool and schoolchildren, carried out in 2013-2018. We conducted a longitudinal study with cross-sectional data among preschool and school-age children (up to the fourth grade) over four years in 14 schools in the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The intervention program consisted of fruit delivery, nutrition education and improvements in physical activity and school food kiosks, with active participation of teachers and parents. There was an improvement in knowledge of healthy foods in children and excellent user satisfaction. Overweight and obesity did not increase during 2016 and 2018, but increased in 2015 and 2017. In similar not-intervened schools there was an increase of overweight and obesity compared with Colación BKN schools. For food consumption, there was a decrease in consumption of candy and soft drinks in preschool students and all children consumed more than three portions of fruits and vegetables per day, which is greater than the national average of two portions per day in the general population. Conclusions: There was a successful increase in fruit and vegetable consumption with nutrition education and promotion of healthy habits, such as physical activity and healthy food consumption.

Monitoring modifiable risk factors for breast cancer: an obligation for health professionals.

SYNOPSIS Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common disease in women and constitutes the second leading cause of cancer death in this population. The factors that contribute to the risk of occurrence are divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. Although there are interventions in primary care to prevent the disease, these measures have not produced the desired changes in women's health. This article reviews the major modifiable risk factors for breast cancer and describes how these factors can affect the incidence of cancer in women. This information shows that modifiable risk factors (such as physical activity, diet, obesity, and use of alcohol and tobacco) can influence the occurrence of breast cancer, in part depending on the life stage of a woman, including menopausal status. Timely prevention at the primary care level is one of the most important areas on which health professionals need to focus in order to help reduce the incidence of breast cancer.

Diagnóstico de la situación alimentaria y nutricional de niños de tercero a quinto año básico de la comuna de la Reina, Santiago de Chile / Food and nutrition diagnosis of third to fifth grade school-age children from the La Reina neighborhood, Santiago de Chile

RESUMEN Se describe el estado nutricional, consumo, hábitos alimentarios y habilidades culinarias en alumnos de tercero a quinto año básico de colegios municipales de la comuna de La Reina, Santiago, Chile, para proponer intervenciones que conduzcan hacia una alimentación saludable. El estudio es descriptivo, de corte transversal en 617 niños, 349 hombres y 268 mujeres de tercero (n=193), cuarto (n=202) y quinto básico (n=222). El 30,3% de los niños tenía obesidad, mayor que el 24,2% reportado por la Junta Nacional de Auxilio Escolar y Becas (JUNAEB) en primero básico el 2015. Al 66,2% de los niños les gusta cocinar, pero sólo un 20,0% mezcla y aliña verduras, hace sándwich y pela o pica fruta 4 a 5 días en la semana. Todos los niños (100%) toman once, pero sólo un 60,9% cena en la noche. Un 20,7% toma doble desayuno y un 35,7% come doble almuerzo. Casi todos (97%) llevaban dinero o colación de la casa. El 78,4% llevaba golosinas dulces, 60,0% fruta, 50,0% lácteos y 48,4% bebidas o jugos azucarados y un 45,0% lleva $500 a $1.000 por día al colegio. Existe la necesidad de educar en hábitos de alimentación saludable a los alumnos, incorporando padres con apoyo del Ministerio de Educación, para tener una política de Estado en prevención de la obesidad infantil.

ABSTRACT This article describes the nutritional status, food consumption, dietary behavior and culinary skills of third to fifth grade public school students from the La Reina neighborhood, Santiago de Chile, in order to propose healthy eating interventions. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive study in 617 children (349 males and 268 females) from third (n= 193), fourth (n= 202) and fifth grade (n= 222). Obesity prevalence was 30.3%, greater than the 24.2% reported by National Board of Scholarships and Grants in first grade in 2015. Most of the children reported liking cooking (66.2%), but just 20.0% cooked mixed or seasoned vegetables, made sandwiches, or peeled or cut 4 or 5 days per week. All children (100%) ate a late snack in the afternoon, but only 60.9% ate dinner at night. A second breakfast was eaten by 20.7% of the children and a second lunch by 35.7%. Almost all children (97%) brought money or a snack from home: 78.4% brought candies, 60.0% fruit, 50.0% dairy products and 48.4% soft drinks or juices with sugar, and 45.0% money (500 to 1000 Chilean pesos). It is necessary to educate children in healthy eating habits, with participation of parents and support from the Ministry of Education to prevent children obesity.

[Assessment of a nutrition education intervention among construction workers]. / Evaluación de una intervención educativa nutricional en trabajadores de la construcción para prevenir enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Chile.

BACKGROUND: Unhealthy lifestyles and overweight are common among blue collar workers. AIM: To evaluate a nutrition education intervention in construction workers to prevent chronic diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred forty two participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 69) and or a control group (n = 73). The experimental group received nutrition education consisting in individual lifestyle counseling, group workshop, group counseling in healthy lifestyles, and environmental intervention. At baseline and after one year of intervention, clinical evaluations consisting in laboratory determinations, anthropometry and nutritional assessment evaluation were carried out. RESULTS: The experimental group experienced a significant decrease in waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and an increase in HDL cholesterol. A significant reduction in total calorie intake, especially at the evening snack was observed during week-days. The same reduction in total calories occurred at dinner during the week-end. A significant increase was observed in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish. In the control group there was a significant increase in weight, waist circumference, body mass index, glucose and insulin, without changes in total calorie intake or healthy food consumption. High soft drink consumption did not change in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: In construction workers, integral nutrition intervention at the individual, group and environmental level had an impact in nutritional and biochemical indicators.

Evaluación de una intervención educativa nutricional en trabajadores de la construcción para prevenir enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en Chile / Assessment of a nutrition education intervention among construction workers

Background: Unhealthy lifestyles and overweight are common among blue collar workers. Aim: To evaluate a nutrition education intervention in construction workers to prevent chronic diseases. Material and Methods: One hundred forty two participants were randomly assigned to an experimental group (n = 69) and or a control group (n = 73). The experimental group received nutrition education consisting in individual lifestyle counseling, group workshop, group counseling in healthy lifestyles, and environmental intervention. At baseline and after one year of intervention, clinical evaluations consisting in laboratory determinations, anthropometry and nutritional assessment evaluation were carried out. Results: The experimental group experienced a significant decrease in waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglycerides, and an increase in HDL cholesterol. A significant reduction in total calorie intake, especially at the evening snack was observed during week-days. The same reduction in total calories occurred at dinner during the week-end. A significant increase was observed in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish. In the control group there was a significant increase in weight, waist circumference, body mass index, glucose and insulin, without changes in total calorie intake or healthy food consumption. High soft drink consumption did not change in both groups. Conclusions: In construction workers, integral nutrition intervention at the individual, group and environmental level had an impact in nutritional and biochemical indicators.

Loose Anchoring of Anagen Hairs and Pili Torti due to Erlotinib.

Erlotinib is a selective epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor utilized in the treatment of solid tumors. Cutaneous side effects, including changes in hair texture and alopecia, have been described. In this case report, we describe two patients with a new finding of loose anagen hairs and pili torti leading to nonscarring marginal and diffuse alopecia and discuss potential mechanisms underlying erlotinib-induced hair changes.

[Feeding habits and lifestyles of male construction workers]. / Estilos de vida, alimentación y estado nutricional en trabajadores de la construcción de la Región Metropolitana de Chile.

BACKGROUND: The less affluent and educated members of the society tend to be less prone to healthy lifestyles. AIM: To describe feeding habits, nutrition, quality of life and working conditions of construction workers comparing two recent surveys, namely the 2009 Chilean National Health Survey (NHS) and the 2010 Work, Employment and Health Survey (WEH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: One hundred ninety male workers aged 43±13 years were surveyed about feeding habits during working days and weekends, smoking and usual physical activity. Weight, height and blood pressure were also measured. RESULTS: In 2010, 82% of workers were overweight or obese compared with 67% rates in the NHS of 2009. The rate of sedentariness was 86% compared with 84% in the NHS of 2009 and 93% in the WEH 2010. Forty one percent smoked and those aged less than 25 years consumed more calories than the other age groups. There was a high intake of carbonated beverages, bread, salted and red meats and a low consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and fish. Seventy seven percent had a meal at midafternoon and only 25% ate supper. Lunch had a fixed schedule, was considered good and usually was prepared by a family member. The level of satisfaction with work, family life and life in general was high. The satisfaction with health and physical condition was lower. CONCLUSIONS: The unhealthy lifestyles of these construction workers should alert health authorities.

Estilos de vida, alimentación y estado nutricional en trabajadores de la construcción de la Región Metropolitana de Chile / Feeding habits and lifestyles of male construction workers

Background: The less affluent and educated members of the society tend to be less prone to healthy lifestyles. Aim: To describe feeding habits, nutrition, quality of life and working conditions of construction workers comparing two recent surveys, namely the 2009 Chilean National Health Survey (NHS) and the 2010 Work, Employment and Health Survey (WEH). Material and Methods: One hundred ninety male workers aged 43 ± 13 years were surveyed about feeding habits during working days and weekends, smoking and usual physical activity. Weight, height and blood pressure were also measured. Results: In 2010, 82% of workers were overweight or obese compared with 67% rates in the NHS of 2009. The rate of sedentariness was 86% compared with 84% in the NHS of 2009 and 93% in the WEH 2010. Forty one percent smoked and those aged less than 25 years consumed more calories than the other age groups. There was a high intake of carbonated beverages, bread, salted and red meats and a low consumption of fruits, vegetables, legumes and fish. Seventy seven percent had a meal at midafternoon and only 25% ate supper. Lunch had a fixed schedule, was considered good and usually was prepared by a family member. The level of satisfaction with work, family life and life in general was high. The satisfaction with health and physical condition was lower. Conclusions: The unhealthy lifestyles of these construction workers should alert health authorities.

[Impact of a nutrition education intervention in teachers, preschool and basic school-age children in Valparaiso region in Chile]. / Efecto de una intervención educativa en alimentación saludable en profesores y niños preescolares y escolares de la región de Valparaíso, Chile.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of a nutrition education program for teachers in the nutritional status, food knowledge and food consumption of their pre basic and basic students, and in the controls. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A nutrition education intervention was conducted in pre basic and basic teachers in a school year, with a pre-post evaluation of their students, compared with a control group. Subjects were 817 students (389 men and 428 women) from pre kindergarten to the second grade. The 465 students of the intervened group were distributed in two schools (Liceo 1 = 283; Liceo 2 = 182) and 352 in the control school. The nutrition intervention consisted in 9 interactive workshops for teachers with the utilization of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The pre post evaluation consisted in a nutritional status assessment, and a food and nutrition survey with questions related with food knowledge and food consumption, at the beginning and at the end of the school year. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in nutritional status between the beginning and the end of the intervention. In one of the experimental schools (Liceo 2) there was a significant decrease in obesity, in women and in the age-group 7-9 years. In the experimental group there was a significant improvement in food knowledge and a decrease in non-healthy food consumption. In the control group, consumption of non-healthy food was stable, with a decrease in fruits and vegetables consumption. CONCLUSIONS: As it was demonstrated in similar studies, a short interactive nutrition education intervention with utilization of ICT in pre basic and basic teachers can produce positive changes in nutritional status of their students, improving food knowledge and healthy food consumption and decreasing non-healthy food consumption, compared with the control group. However, a strategy to incorporate parents in school nutrition education programs is still a pending issue.

Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del programa educativo realizado en profesores, en el estado nutricional, conocimiento y consumo de alimentos saludables de alumnos de prekinder a segundo básico intervenidos y sus controles. Material y Método: Se trata de una intervención en educación nutricional en profesores de prebásica y básica, durante un año escolar, con una evaluación antes y después de sus alumnos, comparado con un grupo control. La muestra quedó constituida por 817 alumnos (389 hombres y 428 mujeres) de prekinder, kínder, 1º y 2º básico, 465 en los dos colegios intervenidos (Liceo 1 = 283 y Liceo 2 = 182) y 352 en el control. La intervención consistió en 9 talleres participativos y con uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) a los profesores y en una evaluación de estado nutricional y encuesta de conocimiento y consumo de sus alumnos, al inicio y final del año académico. Resultados: En estado nutricional no se produjeron diferencias significativas entre el inicio y final de la intervención. En uno de los colegios intervenidos se observó una disminución significativa de la obesidad, en mujeres y en el grupo de 7 a 9 años. En los colegios intervenidos hubo una mejoría significativa en conocimiento y disminución en el consumo de alimentos poco saludables con respecto al control, en el cual se mantuvo la alimentación poco saludable y disminuyó el consumo de verduras y legumbres. Conclusiones: Al igual que en otros estudios, queda demostrado que una intervención educativa participativa, con uso de TIC y de corta duración en profesores y alumnos de prebásica y básica, puede producir cambios positivos en el estado nutricional, mejorando significativamente el conocimiento y consumo de alimentos saludables y disminuyendo el consumo de alimentos no saludables, lo que no sucede en el grupo control. Sin embargo, queda pendiente una estrategia de como implicar a los padres en esta tarea.

Conductas promotoras de salud en hipertensos / Promotional conducts of health in hypertense patients

Estudio transeccional-correlacional basado en el modelo Promotor de Salud de Pender, cuyo propósito fue estudiar conductas promotoras de salud y su relación con factores biopsicosociales, en pacientes adultos hipertensos controlados, en consultorios municipalizados de Talca.A una muestra aleatoria de 102 pacientes se les aplicó: escala de estilo de vida promotor de salud de Pender; inventario de autoestima de Lee y Argyle; escala visual analógica de percepción de salud de Martínez.En el análisis estadísitico se utilizó estadística y pruebas paramétricas. Entre los hallazgos destaca que: el 50 porciento de los pacientes tiene un estilo de vida promotor de salud positivo en la escala total y en las dimensiones de autorrealización, responsabilidad en salud, nutrición y manejo del estrés. Negativo, en el ejercicio y apoyo interpersonal. Predictores significativos para el estilo de vida promotor de salud son el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad y percepción de salud. Poco más de la mitad de los pacientes tiene una autoestima baja. Esta, influye débilmente en el estilo de vida promotor de salud y en las dimensiones de autorrealización, apoyo interpersonal, manejo del estrés, responsabilidad en salud y ejercicio, débil o nula en alimentación saludable. Predictores aignificativos para la autoestima son estado marital y actividad laboral.Se concluye que lospacientes hipertensos en control evidencian en un 50 porciento conductas promotoras de salud positivas y poco más de la mitad de ellos un autoestima baja.Se visualiza la necesidad de analizar en profundidad la atención de salud de este grupo poblacional.

Aproximación a una caracterización molecular de fasciola hepática por la técnica RAPDs - PCR / Molecular characterization approach of fasciola hepatica by technique RAPDs-PCR

El presente estudio muestra la caracterización molecular de Fasciola hepatica obtenidas de bovino, equino y ovino, utilizando la técnica de Amplificación al Azar de Fragmentos de ADN Polimórficos (RAPDs-PCR). Para este fin, se lograron estandarizar las condiciones óptimas de amplificación y programa de termociclación de RAPDs-PCR para F. hepatica, así como marcadores genéticos de identificación poli-mórfica características para cada especie. La metodología utilizada consideró comparar los patrones genéticos interespecie e intraespecie, a partir de muestras de F. hepatica. Los resultados obtenidos muestran marcadores genéticos al azar, que evidencian variabilidad genética de F. hepatica intra e interespecie (polimorfismo), y cuyos fragmentos de amplificación fluctuaron entre los 135 y 741 pares de bases (pb).