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1.
Brain Res Bull ; 186: 91-105, 2022 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35688304

RESUMO

Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is regulated by several stimuli to promote the creation of a reserve that may facilitate coping with environmental challenges. In this regard, repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a neuromodulation therapy, came to our attention because in clinical studies it reverts behavioral and cognitive alterations related to changes in brain plasticity. Some preclinical studies emphasize the need to understand the underlying mechanism of rTMS to induce behavioral modifications. In this study, we investigated the effects of rTMS on cognition, neurogenic-associated modifications, and neuronal activation in the hippocampus of female Swiss Webster mice. We applied 5 Hz of rTMS twice a day for 14 days. Three days later, mice were exposed to the behavioral battery. Then, brains were collected and immunostained for Ki67-positive cells, doublecortin-positive (DCX+)-cells, calbindin, c-Fos and FosB/Delta-FosB in the dentate gyrus. Also, we analyzed mossy fibers and CA3 with calbindin immunostaining. Mice exposed to rTMS exhibited cognitive improvement, an increased number of proliferative cells, DCX cells, DCX cells with complex dendrite morphology, c-Fos and immunoreactivity of FosB/Delta-FosB in the granular cell layer. The volume of the granular cell layer, mossy fibers and CA3 in rTMS mice also increased. Interestingly, cognitive improvement correlated with DCX cells with complex dendrite morphology. Also, those DCX cells and calbindin immunoreactivity correlated with c-Fos in the granular cell layer. Our results suggest that 5 Hz of rTMS applied twice a day modify cell proliferation, doublecortin cells, mossy fibers and enhance cognitive behavior in healthy female Swiss Webster mice.


Assuntos
Neurogênese , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana , Animais , Calbindinas , Cognição/fisiologia , Proteínas do Domínio Duplacortina , Feminino , Hipocampo , Camundongos , Neurogênese/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-fos , Estimulação Magnética Transcraniana/métodos
2.
Braz. J. Psychiatry (São Paulo, 1999, Impr.) ; 43(5): 494-503, Sept.-Oct. 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1345466

RESUMO

Objective: The mental health problems and perceived needs of healthcare workers involved with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) may vary due to individual and contextual characteristics. The objective of this study was to evaluate healthcare workers' mental health problems during the common COVID-19 exposure scenario in Mexico, comparing those on the frontline with other healthcare workers according to gender and profession, determining the main risk factors for the most frequent mental health problems. Methods: A cross-sectional online study was conducted with a non-probabilistic sample of 5,938 Mexican healthcare workers who completed brief screening measures of mental health problems and ad hoc questions about sociodemographic professional characteristics, conditions related to increased risk of COVID-19 infection, life stressors during the COVID-19 emergency, and perceived need to cope with COVID-19. Results: The identified mental health problems were insomnia, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), all of which were more frequent in frontline healthcare workers (52.1, 37.7, and 37.5%, respectively) and women (47.1, 33.0 %, and 16.3%, respectively). A lack of rest time was the main risk factor for insomnia (OR = 3.1, 95%CI 2.6-3.7, p ≤ 0.0001). Mourning the death of friends or loved ones due to COVID-19 was the main risk factor for depression (OR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.8-2.7, p ≤ 0.0001), and personal COVID-19 status was the main risk factor for PTSD (OR = 2.2, 95%CI 1.7-2.9, p ≤ 0.0001). Conclusion: The most frequent mental health problems during the common exposure scenario for COVID-19 in Mexico included the short-term psychological consequences of intense adversity. A comprehensive strategy for preventing mental health problems should focus on individuals with cumulative vulnerability and specific risk factors.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Saúde Mental , COVID-19 , Ansiedade , Surtos de Doenças , Estudos Transversais , Pessoal de Saúde , Depressão/epidemiologia , SARS-CoV-2
3.
Neurochem Int ; 108: 417-425, 2017 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28600187

RESUMO

In humans, new neurons are continuously added in the olfactory epithelium even in the adulthood. The resident neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/PCs-OE) in the olfactory epithelium are influenced by several growth factors and neurotrophins. Among these modulators the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has attracted attention due its implicated in cell proliferation, survival and migration of other type of neural/stem progenitor cells. Interestingly, VEGFr2 receptor expression in olfactory epithelium has been described in amphibians but not in humans. Here we show that VEGFr is expressed in the hNS/PCs-OE. We also investigated the effect of VEGF on the hNS/PCs-OE proliferation, viability and migration in vitro. Additionally, pharmacological approaches showed that VEGF (0.5 ng/ml)-stimulated migration of hNS/PCs-OE was blocked with the compound DMH4, which prevents the activation of VEGFr2. Similar effects were found with the inhibitors for Rac (EHT1864) and p38MAPK (SB203850) proteins, respectively. These observations occurred with changes in focal adhesion contacts. However, no effects of VEGF on proliferation or viability were found in hNS/PCs-OE. Our results suggest that hNS/PCs-OE respond to VEGF involving VEGFr2, Rac and p38MAPK.


Assuntos
Movimento Celular/fisiologia , Proliferação de Células/fisiologia , Adesões Focais/metabolismo , Células-Tronco Neurais/metabolismo , Mucosa Olfatória/metabolismo , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/farmacologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Adesão Celular/fisiologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Sobrevivência Celular/fisiologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Adesões Focais/efeitos dos fármacos , Humanos , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Olfatória/citologia , Mucosa Olfatória/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/agonistas , Receptor 2 de Fatores de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/metabolismo
4.
Neuroscience ; 355: 84-100, 2017 07 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28499977

RESUMO

Neurogenesis constitutively occurs in the olfactory epithelium of mammals, including humans. The fact that new neurons in the adult olfactory epithelium derive from resident neural stem/progenitor cells suggests a potential use for these cells in studies of neural diseases, as well as in neuronal cell replacement therapies. In this regard, some studies have proposed that the human olfactory epithelium is a source of neural stem/progenitor cells for autologous transplantation. Although these potential applications are interesting, it is important to understand the cell biology and/or whether human neural stem/progenitor cells in the olfactory epithelium sense external signals, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that is also found in other pro-neurogenic microenvironments. BDNF plays a key role in several biological processes, including cell migration. Thus, we characterized human neural stem/progenitor cells derived from the olfactory epithelium (hNS/PCs-OE) and studied their in vitro migratory response to BDNF. In the present study, we determined that hNS/PCs-OE express the protein markers Nestin, Sox2, Ki67 and ßIII-tubulin. Moreover, the doubling time of hNS/PCs-OE was approximately 38h. Additionally, we found that hNS/PCs-OE express the BDNF receptor TrkB, and pharmacological approaches showed that the BDNF-induced (40ng/ml) migration of differentiated hNS/PCs-OE was affected by the compound K252a, which prevents TrkB activation. This observation was accompanied by changes in the number of vinculin adhesion contacts. Our results suggest that hNS/PCs-OE exhibit a migratory response to BDNF, accompanied by the turnover of adhesion contacts.


Assuntos
Fator Neurotrófico Derivado do Encéfalo/farmacologia , Movimento Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Células-Tronco Neurais/efeitos dos fármacos , Mucosa Olfatória/citologia , Receptor trkB/metabolismo , Carbazóis/farmacologia , Adesão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Colchicina/farmacologia , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Histonas/metabolismo , Humanos , Alcaloides Indólicos/farmacologia , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Tubulina (Proteína)/metabolismo , Vinculina/metabolismo
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