Postoperative Multimodal Analysis in Successful Gas Displacement of a Submacular Hemorrhage.

In this report, we describe a case of timely gas vitrectomy to displace a moderate submacular hemorrhage from the submacular space without tPA, release vitreoretinal traction along the borders of a posterior retinal tear, and analyze postoperative multimodal imaging findings in a 34-year-old male patient whose right eye was injured by a stone. The patient underwent a successful nontissue plasminogen activator gas vitrectomy 3 days after the accident. A multimodal evaluation with spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), 10-2 and 30-2 campimetry, microperimetry, multifocal electroretinography (mfERG), and visual evoked potentials was performed 6 months after the accident. The multimodal imaging tests yielded abnormal foveal SD-OCT patterns, with a fibrous sealed tear in the retinal pigment epithelium. Campimetry showed low levels of retinal sensitivity; microperimetry and mfERG revealed a subnormal retinal response and a reduction in the N1 and P1 wave amplitudes. The visual evoked potential responses were normal. Multidisciplinary examination at 6 months postoperatively revealed a structurally and functionally abnormal macula. The retina remained attached. Our functional findings indicate that submacular hemorrhage should be treated in a timely manner to minimize photoreceptor damage.

Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: predictors of anatomic and functional success.

PURPOSE: This study describes presenting clinical features and surgical techniques associated with successful repair of pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD). METHODS: This is a retrospective case series which involved 242 cases younger than 18 years with new-onset RRD with descriptive statistics for the full group. Further exclusion established 168 cases that underwent surgery with minimum 3-month follow-up. Comparison of features associated with successful outcomes was analyzed using Chi-squared tests, logistic regression and univariate generalized equation models. RESULTS: We measured proportion of patients with BCVA ≤ 1.0 logMAR and/or an increase in final BCVA of 0.3 logMAR with respect to baseline and complete reattachment at final visit; 104 eyes (62%) achieved total reattachment, and 91 eyes (54%) achieved visual success. Absence of macular involvement, subtotal RRD and older age group (13-18) were associated with both success measures. There were higher visual and anatomic success rates with primary scleral buckling (SB, 66% and 79%; OR 9.26 and 11.09) and combined SB plus pars plana vitrectomy (PPV, 54% and 58%; OR 5.67 and 3.94) compared with PPV alone (26% and 17%). CONCLUSION: A majority of patients achieved anatomical success with repair. Trauma and myopia were the most common etiologic associations, with myopic cases having better outcomes. Success was more likely in patients with subtotal RRD or uninvolved macula at presentation; previous intraocular surgery was a risk factor for failure. Younger patients had a higher likelihood of worse outcomes. Initial PPV showed a lower rate of success than either SB or combined SB/PPV.

Indocyanine green angiography for identifying telangiectatic capillaries in diabetic macular oedema.

AIMS: During diabetic macular oedema (DME), a spectrum of capillary abnormalities is commonly observed, ranging from microaneurysms to large microvascular abnormalities. Clinical evidence suggests that targeted photocoagulation of large microvascular abnormalities may be beneficial, but their detection is not done in a routine fashion. It was reported that they are better identified by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) than by fluorescein angiography. Here, we investigated the prevalence and ICGA and optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of retinal microvascular abnormalities in a group of patients with DME. METHODS: Observational study. The fundus photographs, ICGA and structural and angiographic OCT charts of 35 eyes from 25 consecutive patients with DME were reviewed. RESULTS: 22 eyes (63%) had at least one focal area of microvascular abnormalities showing prolonged indocyanine green (ICG) staining (ie, beyond 10 mins after injection). In particular, all eyes (n=9) with circinate hard exudates showed foci of late ICG staining. These areas were either isolated globular capillary ecstasies or a cluster of ill-defined capillary abnormalities. They were located at a median distance of 2708 µm from the fovea (range: 1064-4583 µm). Their diameter ranged from 153 to 307 µm. During ICGA, 91% showed increased their contrast and apparent size in late frames, whereas 79% of microaneurysms showed reduced contrast on late frames. OCT angiography was not contributive for the detection of these lesions. CONCLUSION: Late ICG staining revealing large microvascular abnormalities is commonly observed during DME. Because of their specific angiographic and OCT features relative to microaneurysms, we propose to name them telangiectatic capillaries (TelCaps).

Preoperative Bevacizumab for Tractional Retinal Detachment in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

PURPOSE: To assess the effectiveness and safety of an intravitreal injection of 1.25 mg bevacizumab (IVB) as a preoperative adjunct to small-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) compared with PPV alone in eyes with tractional retinal detachment secondary to proliferative diabetic retinopathy. METHODS: This prospective, double-masked, randomized, multicenter, active-controlled clinical trial enrolled 224 eyes of 224 patients between November 2013 and July 2015. All eyes underwent a baseline examination including best-corrected visual acuity, color photos, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography. Data were collected on intraoperative bleeding, total surgical time, early (<1 month) postoperative vitreous hemorrhage, and mean change in best-corrected visual acuity at 12 months. P < .05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: A total of 214 patients (214 eyes) were randomized in a 1:1 ratio to PPV plus IVB ([study group] 102 eyes) or PPV plus sham ([control] 112 eyes). Iatrogenic retinal breaks were noted intraoperatively in 35 eyes (34.3%) in the study group, and 66 eyes (58.9%) in the control group (P = .001). Grade 2 intraoperative bleeding was noted in 32 (31.3%) eyes in the study group and 58 (51.7 %) eyes in the control group (P = .001). Endodiathermy was necessary in 28 (27.4 %) eyes in the study group, compared with 75 (66.9%) eyes in the control group (P = .0001). Mean surgical time was 71.3 ± 32.1 minutes in the study group and 83.6 ± 38.7 minutes in the control group (P = .061). CONCLUSION: Preoperative IVB seems to reduce intraoperative bleeding, improving surgical field visualization, and reducing intraoperative and postoperative complications. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.

Radial optic neurotomy for central retinal vein occlusion: results of the Pan-American Collaborative Retina Study Group (PACORES).

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the complications after radial optic neurotomy (RON) for central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). METHODS: Seventy-three consecutive patients (73 eyes) with CRVO who were treated with RON participated in a retrospective, uncontrolled, interventional, multicenter case series at 7 institutions from 6 countries. RESULTS: In the ischemic CRVO group (n = 53), 32% of eyes had an improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) (mean, 5.5 lines), 35.8% had worse BCVA (mean, 6.4 lines), and 32% had BCVA that remained the same after RON. In the nonischemic CRVO group (n = 20), 50% of eyes had an improvement in BCVA (mean, 6.5 lines), 15% had worse BCVA (mean, 4.3 lines), and 35% had BCVA that remained the same after RON. Complications occurred in 71.2% of cases, including cataract in 17 eyes (23.2%), vitreous hemorrhage in 16 eyes (20.5%), persistent macular edema in 15 eyes (20.5%), neovascular glaucoma in 7 eyes (9.5%), anterior segment neovascularization in 5 eyes (6.8%), retinal detachment in 3 eyes (4.1%), and phthisis bulbi, choroidovitreal neovascularization, central retinal artery perforation, and optic nerve atrophy in 1 eye (1.3%) each. CONCLUSIONS: RON may improve visual acuity in some eyes with CRVO, but complications are common. In our series, surgery by itself did not seem to improve the outcome of CRVO when compared with its natural history.

Abordaje quirúrgico del cristalino luxado a cavidad vítrea / Surgical technique for lens luxation to the vitreous cavity

El objetivo de este trabajo es revisar la técnica quirúrgica, resultados y complicaciones de la luxación del cristalino a cavidad vítrea. Es un estudio retrospectivo donde se analizan 29 pacientes sometidos a vitrectomía posterior por cristalino luxado. El 68.9 por ciento de los cristalinos luxados correspondió a complicaciones de facoemulsificación, el 20.68 por ciento a traumatismo y el 10.34 por ciento a síndrome de Marfan. En el 62.06 por ciento, la capacidad visual final después del procedimiento quirúrgico fue 20/200 o mejor. Las complicaciones transoperatorias incluyeron desgarros retinianos y hemorragia vítrea (10.34 por ciento), y las postoperatorias edema macular quístico (10.34 por ciento). Concluyendo se puede decir que el manejo actual del cristalino luxado debe realizarse con técnicas bimanuales de cirugía vitreorretiniana complementada, cuando esté indicado, con la manipulación cinética de la retina mediante el uso de líquidos perfluorocarbonados.

Enfermedad de Coats: resultados del tratamiento / Coats disease: three case reports

Objetivo: Evaluar la efectividad de los diferentes tipos de tratamiento descritos en casos de enfermedad de Coats en población infantil. Método: Se incluyeron de manera prospectiva a todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Coats menores de 12 años de edad, entre 1994 y 1996. Fueron seleccionados para recibir algún tipo de tratamiento con base en la agudeza visual y severidad del caso: fotocoagulación (diodo), crioterapia, vitrectomía. Resultados: 7 pacientes, 6 masculinos (86 por ciento), con edad promedio de 6.2 años, con cuadro unilateral (100 por ciento), fueron incluidos: 2 recibieron fotocoagulación, 2 crioterapia y 1 vitrectomía. Dos pacientes formaron el grupo control. No hubo diferencia estadística (p>0.05) entre todos los grupos al compararlos entre el inicio y final del seguimiento, que tuvo un promedio de 14.7 meses. Conclusión: Aun con distintos tratamientos y cierta mejoría clínica, la agudeza visual no mejora cuando el polo posterior ha sido crónicamente afectado.

Tratamiento quirúrgico de los agujeros maculares con desprendimiento de retina. Un nuevo enfoque quirúrgico por medio de vitrectomia / Surgical treatment of the holes macular with retinal detachaments

Se revisaron las causas y fisiopatogenia del desprendimiento de retina ocasionado por agujero macular. Se presentan cuatro casos clínico-quirúrgicos de esta entidad en pacientes miopes cuya evolución fué favorable posterior a su tratamiento quirúrgico mediante vitrectomía

Criocoagulación en el tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética / Cryocoagulation in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy

Estudio preliminar, prospectivo y comparativo de los efectos de la crioblación de la retina media periférica en el tratamiento de la retinopatía diabética proliferativa con hemorragia vítrea reciente. Se seleccionaron 38 pacientes divididos al azar en dos grupos. A un grupo se le practicó crioterapia para ablación de la retina y al grupo número dos se le manejó con conducta expectante y conservadora