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1.
Clin Anat ; 37(2): 178-184, 2024 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37466154

RESUMO

The anatomy and pathogenesis of spondylolysis has been widely studied; however, the microanatomy of spondylolysis of the lumbar vertebra has not been well described. Therefore, we aim to better elucidate this anatomy. Twenty dry bone specimens of healed and unhealed spondylolysis of the L5 vertebra were collected from human skeletal remains. Twelve L5 vertebrae were examples of unhealed spondylolysis and eight specimens exhibited a healed (i.e., bony fusion of the lesion) spondylolysis lesion. The specimens underwent macro and microanatomical analysis followed by CT and microCT imaging. Finally, selected healed and unhealed lesions were submitted for histological analysis using Mason Trichrome staining. The pars interarticularis of two L5 vertebrae without signs of healed/unhealed spondylolysis were evaluated histologically as controls. Of the 12 unhealed L5 pars defects, three were unilateral on left side. Of the eight healed pars defects, all were unilateral and seven of these were on left sides. One unilateral pars defect also had spina bifida occulta. Both on imaging and histological analysis, healed pars defects were only so superficially and not at deeper levels. Histologically, unhealed edges were made up of dense cortical bone while healed edges were made up primarily of trabecular bone. Based on our anatomical findings, the so-called healed spondylolysis lesions, although externally fused, are not thoroughly fused internally. Moreover, the anterior and posterior edges of the unhealed spondylosysis lesions are irregular and show signs of long-term disarticulation. Taken together, these data suggest that such 'healed' lesions might not be as stable as the normal L5 pars interarticularis.


Assuntos
Espondilólise , Humanos , Espondilólise/diagnóstico por imagem , Espondilólise/etiologia , Vértebras Lombares/diagnóstico por imagem , Microtomografia por Raio-X
2.
Cureus ; 15(1): e33419, 2023 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36751209

RESUMO

Background The sphenoparietal sinus (SPS) is implicated in various clinical pathologies, specifically arteriovenous fistulas and venous sinus thrombosis. This study is aimed to better understand this venous structure of the skull base via histological examination. Methods Ten embalmed and latex-injected adult body donors' heads (20 sides) underwent microdissection of the SPS using a surgical microscope. The entire dura on the underside of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone encompassing the region known as the groove for the SPS was harvested from each body donor and submitted for histological analysis (H&E, Periodic acid-Schiff [PAS], Masson's Trichrome). Five left and five right transverse sinuses were harvested and analyzed histologically as controls. Results A definitive SPS was identified in 14/20 (70%) of the latex-injected body donors. When present, the sinuses were classified as small, medium, or large. Tributaries included the middle meningeal veins, superficial Sylvian vein, and anterior temporal veins. All sinuses drained medially into the cavernous sinus. For the body donors analyzed histologically, 17 (85%) were consistent with a dural venous sinus and not a vein and were observed to have a rich nerve and arterial supply within their walls. The histological findings of the SPS were similar to those seen for the transverse sinus. The combined prevalence for the SPS in gross and histological body donors was 78%. Conclusions Our findings support the presence of SPS in the majority of body donors. To our knowledge, this is the first histological study of the SPS.

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