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1.
J Clin Virol ; 60(2): 172-3, 2014 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24735614

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Hepatitis C diagnostics involve antibody screening and confirmation of current infection by detection of HCV RNA positivity. In screening instruments with fixed pipetting needle, there is a risk of sample carry-over contamination. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of such contamination in a proposed clinical setting. STUDY DESIGN: In the present study, known HCV RNA positive (n=149) and negative (n=149) samples were analysed by anti-HCV Abbott in an Architect instrument in an alternating fashion in order to test for contamination. RESULTS: In subsequent retesting of the previously HCV RNA-negative samples, six samples (4%) were positive by the Cobas Taqman assay with a maximum level of 33 IU/mL. The results show that there is a risk for transfer of HCV in the Architect instrument but they also show that the levels of HCV RNA observed are low. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that complementary HCV RNA testing on samples identified as anti-HCV positive by screening can be recommended because the complementary results are reliable in the majority of cases when either HCV RNA is negative or HCV RNA is positive with a level >1000 IU/mL. In a minority of cases, with low HCV RNA after anti-HCV antibody screening, cross-contamination should be suspected and a new sample requested for HCV RNA testing. This strategy would reduce the need for obtaining a new sample from the vast majority of patients with a newly discovered HCV antibody positivity.


Assuntos
Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/instrumentação , Técnicas de Laboratório Clínico/métodos , Contaminação de Equipamentos , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , RNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Programas de Rastreamento/instrumentação , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Medição de Risco
2.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 26(4): 214-221, 2010. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-778704

RESUMO

La infección por el Virus de Inmunodeficiencia Humana (SIDA) es una pandemia, que con el advenimiento de la terapia antirretroviral de alta eficacia (TARAE), ha presentado un marcado control de la morbimortalidad; sin embargo, surgen problemáticas asociadas a dicho tratamiento, como los trastornos de la densidad mineral ósea. Encontrar la posible relación entre la infección por el VIH con la presencia de osteopenia y osteoporosis, en pacientes que reciben o no TARAE y su relación con la carga viral ARN para VIH, contaje linfocitario T CD4 y el empleo de TARAE. Se estudiaron tres grupos, Grupo 1: 28 pacientes SIDA en TARAE; Grupo 2: 22 pacientes VIH-positivo sin TARAE y Grupo 3: 30 pacientes seronegativos controles. Se analizaron 80 individuos. De los 50 pacientes VIH-positivos, 34 presentaron alteración de la densidad mineral ósea, 16 (32%) con osteopenia y 18 (36%) osteoporosis, en comparación con 4 (13.3%) y 2 (6,7%) del grupo control que presentaron osteopenia y osteoporosis respectivamente; observándose una relación estadísticamente significativa (p= 0.001) entre la infección por VIH y la alteración de la densidad mineral ósea. No hubo asociación significativa con el empleo o tipo de TARAE, carga viral o nivel de T CD4. Existe relación estadísticamente significativa entre la infección por VIH y el riesgo de padecer osteopenia y osteoporosis (p=0,001) independiente del empleo de TARAE...


HIV infection is a pandemic, but the morbidity and mortality have been controlled with the arrival of HAART. This treatment has brought other problems, like changes in bone density. To find a possible relationship between HIV infection, osteoporosis and osteopenia in patients under HAART, and the relation with CD4+ and viral load. The sample was divided in three groups: 1. 28 HIV patients treated with HAART; group 2: 22 patients HIV+ without treatment and group 3: 30 HIV negative, subjects. The total were 80 subjects. In the group with AIDS, 34 had an abnormal bone density: 16 (32%) osteopenic and 18 (36%) osteoporosis, compared with only 4 (13,3%) and 2 (7,7% ) of the control subjects. This was statistically significant (p= 0,001), but we found no association when HAART, viral load or CD4+. There is a significant association of the risk for low bone density ant AIDS...


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Antirretrovirais/uso terapêutico , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/patologia , Osteoporose/patologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico
3.
Med. interna (Caracas) ; 25(4): 248-255, 2009. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-772216

RESUMO

Las alteraciones del metabolismo de los carbohidratos son frecuentes en personas infectadas con VIH, como consecuencia de cambios inflamatorios crónicos inducidos por el virus, efecto de la HAART y factores de riesgo clásicos como sobrepeso, obesidad, obesidad abdominal y predisposición genética. Describir las alteraciones en la glicemia e insulinemia a través de 2 mediciones consecutivas en un período de 6 meses, en pacientes con infección por VIH provenientes de la consulta del Instituto de Inmunología del IVSS de Caracas, Venezuela y establecer si existe relación entre dichas alteraciones y el tiempo de diagnóstico de infección por VIH, el esquema de tratamiento antirretroviral recibido, tiempo de su uso y con variables antropométricas como índice de masa corporal, circunferencia abdominal y porcentaje masa grasa. Estudio observacional, analítico y prospectivo, realizado entre febrero y octubre de 2007. Se midió la glicemia e insulina, se calculó el índice HOMA y se tomaron medidas antropométricas, se estadió a los pacientes por contaje de linfocitos CD4+ y se obtuvieron los antecedentes familiares de diabetes, en 2 oportunidades con intervalo de 6 meses. Se incluyeron 77 pacientes que completaron las 2 etapas del estudio, la mayoría recibiendo HAART. Se observó hiperglicemia en ayunas en 10,38%, y DM en 1,3%, siendo estas alteraciones más frecuentes entre usuarios de INTR + INNTR, aún cuando no pudo demostrarse significancia estadística. Se identificó insulinoresistencia en 20% de los sujetos


Carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities are frequent in AIDS patients as a consequence of chronic inflamatory changes caused or induced by the virus, the efect of HAART and the classic risk factors such as overweight, obesity, central obesity and genetic predisposition. To describe the alterations of glycemia and insulinemia by 2 consecutive determinations in a period of 6 months in patients infected by HIV who consulted at the ambulatory setting of the Instituto de Inmunología IVSS, Caracas, Venezuela. We wanted to determine if there was a relation between these changes and the following variables: type and duration of antiretroviral treatment, body mass index, abdominal circunference and percentage of lean body fat. This was an observational, analytic and prospective study done between february and october 2007. On two occasions the following measurements were performed: blood sugar and insulin, Home Model Assessment (HOMA) index and the above mentioned anthropometric evaluations were done; CD4+ was also measured and family history of diabetes was obtained. We included the 77 patients who completed both stages of the study; most of them were under HAART. Fasting hyperlycemia was found in 10,38% and DM in 1,3 % , more frequentely in users of INTR+INNTR, although without statistical significance. Insulinresistance was identified in 20% of the subjects


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus/patologia , Resistência à Insulina , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/diagnóstico
4.
Genet Test ; 9(2): 138-46, 2005.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15943554

RESUMO

Hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is due to defects in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes MSH2, MLH1, MSH6, and to a lesser extent PMS2. Of 466 suspected HNPCC families, we defined 54 index patients with either tumors of high microsatellite instability (MSI-H) and/or loss of expression for either MLH1, MSH2, and/or MSH6, but without a detectable pathogenic point mutation in these genes. This study cohort was augmented to 64 patients by 10 mutation-negative index patients from Amsterdam families where no tumors were available. Deletion/duplication screening using the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) revealed 12 deletions in MSH2 and two deletions in MLH1. These deletions constitute 17% of pathogenic germline alterations but elucidate the susceptibility to HNPCC in only 22% of the mutation-negative study cohort, pointing towards other mutation mechanisms for an inherited inactivation of MLH1 or MSH2. We describe here four novel deletions. One novel and one known type of deletion were found for three and two unrelated families, respectively. MLPA analysis proved a reliable method for the detection of genomic deletions in MLH1 and MSH2; however, sequence variations in the ligation-probe binding site can mimic single exon deletions.


Assuntos
Sequência de Bases , Neoplasias Colorretais Hereditárias sem Polipose/genética , Deleção de Sequência , Elementos Alu , Éxons , Duplicação Gênica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Hibridização in Situ Fluorescente , Repetições de Microssatélites , Mutação Puntual
5.
GEN ; 50(2): 93-6, abr.-jun. 1996. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-261621

RESUMO

Presentamos un caso de absceso esplénico demostrado por ultrasonografía y tomografía axial computarizada, el cual fue satisfactoriamente tratado con antibióticos solamente. La resolución del absceso fue confirmada posteriormente por tomografía. Se revisa la literatura y se comparan los hallazgos clínicos y posibilidades terapéuticas de este caso con los descritos en otras series


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Abscesso/classificação , Abscesso/diagnóstico , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Baço , Baço/patologia , Venezuela
6.
Arch. Hosp. Vargas ; 31(3/4): 19-25, jul.-dic. 1989. tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-93301

RESUMO

Las manifestaciones neuropsiquiátricas del lupus Eritematoso Sistémico (Neurolupus) tienen diferentes formas de presentación y evolución clínicas. Los eventos neurológicos que ocurren en LES se observan con frecuencia durante las exaserbaciones agudas de la enfermedad y no necesariamente significan un pronóstico ominoso. Se revisaron las historias clínicas de todos los pacientes (270 casos) hospitalizados con diagnóstico de LES durante un período de 17 años, en dos servicios de medicina interna. Presentamos nuestra experiencia en 46 casos (17%) con Neurolupus. Este grupo de pacientes estuvo conformado por Síndrome Mental Orgánico 26 casos (56,5%), Convulsiones 11 casos (23,9%), Mielorradiculoneuritis 6 casos (13%), Hemiplejías 5 casos (10,8), Corea 3 casos (6,5%), Extrapiramidalismo 2 casos (4,3%), Psudotumor Cerebri 1 caso, Neuromielitis Optica 1 caso, Parálisis del VI par 1 caso, Síndrome Cerebeloso 1 caso, Piramidalismo 1 caso, Meningitis Aséptica 1 caso (2,1%). La mortalidad en nuestros pacientes con Neurolupus fue de 10 casos (21,7%) siendo esta complicación neurológica la causa básica de muerte en seis pacientes estudiados


Assuntos
Humanos , Anemia/complicações , Prednisona/uso terapêutico
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