RESUMO
The need of organ absorbed dose evaluation for radiation protection purposes stimulated, since the late 1960s, the development of anthropoid models to be used with radiation transport codes. Very significant improvements were introduced during the years, passing from stylised analytical human models to realistic voxel models based on computed tomography scans or MRI scans, and finally to advanced surface-geometry models. Besides illustrating the main contributions in this field from various international laboratories, this paper illustrates some applications of voxel models to internal (including in vivo monitoring) and external dosimetry for radiation protection.
Assuntos
Monitoramento de Radiação/métodos , Proteção Radiológica/métodos , Radiometria/métodos , Antropometria/métodos , Simulação por Computador , Desenho de Equipamento , Feminino , Humanos , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética/métodos , Masculino , Método de Monte Carlo , Imagens de Fantasmas , Doses de Radiação , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/métodosRESUMO
In the frame of the EU Coordination Action CONRAD (coordinated network for radiation dosimetry), WP4 was dedicated to work on computational dosimetry with an action entitled 'Uncertainty assessment in computational dosimetry: an intercomparison of approaches'. Participants attempted one or more of eight problems. This paper presents the results from problems 4-8-dealing with the overall uncertainty budget estimate; a short overview of each problem is presented together with a discussion of the most significant results and conclusions. The scope of the problems discussed here are: the study of a (137)Cs calibration irradiator; the manganese bath technique; the iron sphere experiment using neutron time-of-flight technique; the energy response of a RADFET detector and finally the sensitivity and uncertainty analysis for the recoil-proton telescope discussed in the companion paper.