Virtual Versus Conventional Planning in Orthognathic Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of hard tissues movements planned to result of the maxillary and mandibular positions between conventional surgical planning (CSP) and virtual surgical planning (VSP) in patients undergoing orthognathic surgery. Methods: A systematic electronic search was carried out in six databases and gray literature with no restriction of publication date and language. Clinical observational studies that compared accuracy of maxillary position between CSP and VSP were included. Linear measurements of the mandible in the transverse plane and linear measurements of the maxilla in the vertical, horizontal and transverse planes were considered for analysis, comparing planned to postoperative outcomes of CSP and VSP. Cochrane tool was used to assess bias risk. A meta-analysis was performed to summarize similar results by using the Review Manager 5.3 software. Significance level was set at 5%. Results: Six studies (2 RCT and 4 retrospective cohorts) were included according to inclusion and eligibility criteria, involving 255 patients. The inter-rater reliability of selection and eligibility was excellent (k = 0.8315 and k = 0.9329, respectively). Two studies presented that VSP seemed to have better results than CSP regarding linear measurements of the mandible in the transverse plane. Results from CSP and VSP were similar in accuracy for hard tissue in vertical plane of maxillary position (I2 = 0%; p = 0.17), although VSP was more accurate in horizontal plane (I2 = 0%; p = 0.02). Conclusion: VSP presented better accuracy for transverse movements in mandible of asymmetric patients. VSP showed to be more accurate for movements in the horizontal plane, and qualitative analysis seemed to be more effective for transverse movements.

Impact of dentofacial deformity on the chance of being hired for a job.

Objective: This study aimed to determine the impact of dentofacial deformity on an individual's chances of being hired for a hypothetical job involving customer service. Materials and methods: Face photographs (frontal and lateral) of 15 patients with moderate to severe dentofacial deformity, taken before and after orthodontic-surgical correction, were selected and randomized between two different questionnaires. In addition, five patients without dentofacial deformity were used as controls in both questionnaires. These questionnaires were taken by adults responsible for hiring personnel to work in commerce and business activities, graduates or postgraduates in business administration, with experience in recruiting and hiring personnel. The evaluation took place using a Likert scale with values ranging from 0 to 10 (in which 0 corresponded to complete disagreement and 10 to complete agreement), considering the following variables in a first impression judgment: honesty, intelligence, productivity at work, and hiring chance. Data were tabulated and statistical analysis was performed using a linear regression model for the explanatory variables that showed statistical significance in the analysis of variance (ANOVA). Effect size through Cohen's d has been corrected for all comparisons performed. Results: All re-examined domains demonstrated statistical differences even when included in a multivariate model (p < 0.05), with lower mean values for those requiring pre-treatment (presenting deformity), although the effect size was small for all comparisons. Conclusion: Dentofacial deformity influenced the hiring chance, although not appearing to be a preponderant factor for hiring, acting as a tiebreaker among the candidates adopted.

Impact of bariatric surgery on oral health: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of bariatric surgery (BS) on the oral health status of obese individuals. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search was performed on the Cochrane Library, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Grey literature was also consulted through Google Scholar, OpenGrey, ProQuest, and MedRxiv. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tool. Pre- and post-surgical moments were compared through random effects meta-analysis. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) assessment tool was used to judge the certainty of evidence. RESULTS: After searching the databases, 908 references were retrieved, with 30 articles selected for synthesis. When comparing the pre- and postoperative moments, there was no difference in the index of decayed, missing, or filled teeth. Furthermore, salivary flow and probing depth presented a slight increase. Post-surgery patients showed an increase (%) in tooth wear at the dentin level [MD = -6.23; IC95% = -8.45--4.01; I2 = 0%]. CONCLUSION: Patients undergoing BS show no difference when considering the rate of caries or missing teeth and little to no effect was observed on salivary flow rates and periodontal probing depth. On the other hand, greater attention should be given to dentin wear in post-surgical patients of BS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Patients undergoing BS should receive careful monitoring regarding oral health by doctors, dentists, and the entire multidisciplinary team involved before and after the surgical procedure.

The influence of fluoxetine on orthodontic tooth movement in rats

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chronic use of fluoxetine on the amount of orthodontic tooth movement and tissue changes in rats. A total of 192 Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: S, 0.9% saline solution; F, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine; SM, 0.9% saline solution with orthodontic movement; and FM, 20 mg/kg of fluoxetine with orthodontic movement. After 30 days of daily saline or fluoxetine administration, an orthodontic device (25cN) was used to mesially displace the first molar in animals of the groups SM and FM. The animals were euthanized 2, 7, 14, and 28 days after placement of the orthodontic appliances and animals of groups S and F were euthanized at the same time. The assessment of tooth movement was made in gypsum castings, the collagen neoformation was assessed by polarization microscopy, the number of osteoclasts and root resorption were evaluated using tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, and presence of hyalinized areas was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Fluoxetine did not affect the amount of tooth displacement, percentage of collagen, number of osteoclasts, and presence of hyalinized areas (P>0.05). There was a higher frequency of root resorption areas in the FM group than in the SM group only on the second day (P<0.05). The findings of this study show that chronic use of 20 mg/kg fluoxetine does not affect the amount of tooth movement, collagen neoformation, number of osteoclasts, or hyalinized areas and does not affect root resorption until the last day of orthodontic movement.

Psychosocial changes in patients submitted to orthodontic surgery treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aims to answer the following question: What is the psychological impact of orthognathic surgery on patients with dentofacial deformities undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment? MATERIAL AND METHODS: The search was adapted for each of the following databases: American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences (LILACS), Cochrane Library, Embase, Psychinfo, PubMed/Medline, Scopus and Web of Science, and gray literature using Google Scholar, OpenGrey, and ProQuest. The risk of bias was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Assessment Checklist. This study performed estimates of interest, random-effects meta-analyses, and calculated heterogeneity using Higgins inconsistency index (I2). RESULTS: A total of 6751 references were found in all searches. After applying the eligibility criteria after full-text reading, 37 studies comprised the final qualitative synthesis. Thirteen studies were included in quantitative synthesis, and it was possible to meta-analyze data from the following questionnaires: GHQ-28, MMPI, RSES, and SCL-90-R. There was an improvement in psychological aspects related to depression, hysteria, self-esteem, anxiety, obsessive-compulsiveness, interpersonal sensitivity, paranoid ideas, and psychoticism (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Correction of dentofacial deformity through orthodontic-surgical treatment is associated with improvements observed in several psychological domains, especially in relation to depressive states. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This result highlights the importance of surgeons and orthodontists in promoting adequate control of patients' expectations and treatment goals taking into account the individual's psychological aspects.

Association between atypical swallowing and malocclusions: a systematic review

ABSTRACT Objective: This systematic review aims to answer the following focus question: "Is there an association between atypical swallowing and malocclusions?". Methods: Appropriate word combinations were chosen and tailored specifically for each of the following electronic databases: EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and gray literature, without any restrictions, up to February 2021. According to the selection criteria, only cross-sectional studies were included. The following inclusion criteria were considered: a sample composed of children, adolescents, and adults; patients clinically diagnosed with atypical swallowing; patients with normal swallowing; and outcome of interest of atypical swallowing in patients with malocclusion. The data consisted of study characteristics, sample characteristics, results, and conclusion of each study. The risk of bias was assessed using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies, and the certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool. Results: 4,750 articles were identified. After a two-step selection, four studies were included. A higher frequency of distal occlusion, extreme maxillary overhang, and open bite was related to swallowing disorders; most studies pointed to posterior crossbite as a malocclusion more associated with atypical swallowing. All studies had a moderate to high risk of bias, and the certainty of evidence was very low. Conclusion: The results indicate that atypical swallowing is associated with malocclusions and that posterior crossbite is the main malocclusion found, but only in the young population (3-11 years). Registration: PROSPERO (42020215203).

RESUMO Objetivo: A presente revisão sistemática tem como objetivo responder à seguinte questão focal: "Existe associação entre deglutição atípica e más oclusões?". Métodos: Combinações de palavras e truncamentos apropriados foram adaptados para as bases de dados eletrônicas: EMBASE, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), LIVIVO, PubMed/Medline, Scopus e Web of Science e a literatura cinzenta, sem qualquer restrição, até fevereiro de 2021. Os critérios de inclusão foram: estudos transversais; amostra composta por crianças, adolescentes e adultos; pacientes com diagnóstico clínico de deglutição atípica; pacientes com deglutição normal, e o desfecho de interesse foi deglutição atípica em pacientes com má oclusão. Os dados extraídos de cada estudo foram características do estudo, da amostra e a conclusão. O risco de viés foi avaliado usando a Lista de verificação de avaliação crítica da JBI para estudos transversais analíticos, e a certeza das evidências foi avaliada usando a ferramenta GRADE. Resultados: Foram identificados 4.750 artigos. Após uma seleção em duas fases, quatro estudos foram incluídos. Maior frequência de disto-oclusão, protuberância maxilar extrema e mordida aberta foram relacionadas a distúrbios da deglutição, com a maioria dos estudos apontando para mordida cruzada posterior como a má oclusão mais associada à deglutição atípica. Todos os estudos tiveram um risco de viés moderado a alto, e a certeza das evidências foi considerada muito baixa. Conclusão: Os resultados indicam que a deglutição atípica está associada à mordida cruzada posterior apenas na população jovem de 3 a 11 anos.

Deglutition assessment instruments used in critical patients submitted to orotracheal extubation: a scoping review

ABSTRACT Purpose: to map, through a literature survey, which instruments are used to assess swallowing in patients after orotracheal extubation. Methods: available evidence was mapped through six electronic databases and gray literature. There were no restrictions regarding gender, ethnicity of the individuals, language of the studies, time of publication, and diagnosis. Results: the most mentioned protocol in the studies was the Dysphagia Risk Evaluation Protocol and the most cited objective assessment exam was the flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Conclusion: there is a need for a specific protocol to evaluate this profile of patients, in addition to comparative studies of subjective clinical evaluation and instrumental imaging.

Impact of orthodontic-surgical treatment on quality of life: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Orthognathic surgery involves a change in the patient's functional and aesthetic aspects. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to answer the following focused question: what is the impact on quality of life (QoL; aesthetic, function, social, and psychological aspects) in patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment? SEARCH METHODS: Appropriate word combinations and truncations were selected and tailored specifically for each electronic database: PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature and gray literature. SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies that met the following criteria was included: patients with dentofacial deformity (P); surgical correction through orthodontic-surgical treatment (E/I); before orthodontic-surgical treatment or patients with no dentofacial deformity (C); QoL (O); cross-sectional, cohort, case-control and randomized or non-randomized clinical trial (S). DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: In phase 1, two reviewers independently reviewed the titles and abstracts of all references. All articles that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded. In phase 2, the same reviewers completely read the selected articles independently. RESULTS: A total of 2879 articles were retrieved during the final database search. Fifty-two articles were selected for full reading, of which 16 were excluded, resulting in 36 included articles. The meta-analysis was performed using 13 of the selected studies. When comparing the period before any treatment with the post-operative period of 4-8 weeks, there was an association only for facial aesthetics (mean difference = 3.00; 95 per cent confidence interval = 1.10-4.89; inconsistency index = 63 per cent). The comparison between the period before any treatment with the 6 month post-operative period showed an improved QoL in all of the domains evaluated and, when comparing data after the orthodontic-surgical preparation (before surgery) and after 5-12 months of surgery, there was also statistical significance with an increased QoL for all of the domains evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, based on the results of this systematic review and meta-analysis, the evidence suggests an improvement in the QoL of patients undergoing orthodontic-surgical treatment regarding aesthetic, functional, social, and psychological aspects. REGISTRATION: CRD42017069495.

Effect of acute administration of nicotine and ethanol on tooth movement in rats.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of nicotine and ethanol on tooth movement in rats. Two hundred rats were divided into eight groups: S: saline; N: nicotine; E: ethanol; NE: nicotine and ethanol; SM: saline with tooth movement; NM: nicotine with tooth movement; EM: ethanol with tooth movement; and NEM: nicotine and ethanol with tooth movement. All the solutions were applied for 32, 44, or 58 days, according to the subgroup. Orthodontic movement (25 cN) was initiated 30 days after solution administration in the groups with tooth movement. The rats were euthanized 2, 14, or 28 days after initiation of tooth movement. Tooth sections were stained using picrosirius and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The data were compared by ANOVA using Tukey's HSD and Games-Howell. On day 28 of tooth movement, the NEM group had a lower percentage of type I collagen compared to the SM group (p = 0.0448), and the S group had a higher number of osteoclasts/µm2 compared to the N group (p = 0.0405). Nicotine and ethanol did not affect the tooth movement rate, regardless of induction of orthodontic movement. Nicotine influenced the number of osteoclasts by decreasing their quantity when dental movement was not induced. When nicotine was associated with ethanol, it interfered in the maturation of collagen fibers during orthodontic movement.

Efeito da contaminação por saliva na resistência adesiva de braquetes cerâmicos utilizando uma resina ortodôntica hidrofílica / Saliva contamination effect on shear bond strength of ceramic brackets with an orthodontic hydrophilic resin

Introdução: Alguns fatores, como a presença de saliva, são capazes de influenciar a adesão do braquete ao dente durante o procedimento de colagem e podem causar falha da resistência adesiva. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a resistência ao cisalhamento de braquetes cerâmicos ortodônticos colados com Transbond XT e Transbond Plus Color Change em esmalte de dentes bovinos, contaminado e não contaminado por saliva, além de analisar o local da falha adesiva. Material e método: Sessenta incisivos bovinos foram divididos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (n=15), de acordo com o material de colagem e a presença de contaminação: Grupo 1 (G1): colagem com Transbond XT na ausência de contaminação; Grupo 2 (G2): colagem com Self Etching Pimer e Transbond Color Change na ausência de contaminação; Grupo 3 (G3): colagem com Transbond XT na presença de contaminação, e Grupo 4 (G4): colagem com Self Etching Primer e Transbond Color Change na presença de contaminação. Resultado: O teste não paramétrico de Kruskal-Wallis mostrou que G1 diferiu estatisticamente (p<0,05) de G2 e G3. Não houve diferença estatística significativa entre os demais grupos. O índice de adesivo remanescente (IAR) variou entre 2 e 3 no G1 e entre 0 e 1 nos outros grupos. Conclusão: A contaminação por saliva diminui a resistência adesiva ao cisalhamento de braquetes cerâmicos colados com a resina hidrofóbica Transbond XT convencional. Por outro lado, a utilização da resina hidrofílica Transbond Plus Color Change associada ao Self Etching Primer, em ambiente contaminado por saliva, confere resistência adesiva adequada para o seu uso clínico.

Introduction: Some fator, such as the presence of saliva, are able to influence the adhesion of the bracket to the tooth enamel during the orthodontic bonding procedure and may cause the adhesive failure. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear strength of orthodontic ceramic brackets bonded with Transbond XT and Transbond Plus Color Change to bovine teeth, under saliva contamination and the adhesive failure mode. Material and method: Sixty bovine permanent incisors were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=15) according to bonding material and saliva contamination: Group 1 (G1) bonded with Transbond XT with no saliva contamination; Group 2 (G2) bonded with Self Etching Primer and Transbond Plus Color Change with no saliva contamination; Group 3 (G3) bonded with Transbond XT with saliva contamination and Group 4 (G4) bonded with Transbond Plus Color Change with saliva contamination. Result: The Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test (p<0,05) was used and showed that G1 differed statistically from G2 and G3. There was no statistical difference between the other groups. The adhesive remnant index (ARI) ranged between 2 and 3 in G1 and between 0 and 1 score in the other groups. Conclusion: Saliva contamination decreases the shear bond strength of ceramic brackets bonded with conventional Transbond XT hydrophobic resin. On the other hand, the Transbond Plus Color Change hydrophilic resin associated with a Self Etching Primer, under saliva contamination, provide a sufficient shear bond strength, suitable for their clinical use.

Prosthetic, orthodontic and implant-supported rehabilitation of five maxillary anterior teeth with alveolar bone loss

ABSTRACT Introduction: Treatment of maxillofacial injuries is complex and requires the establishment of a comprehensive and accurate diagnosis and correct treatment planning. Objective: The objective of this case report was to describe the re-treatment of a 27-year-old woman who was involved in a severe car accident that resulted in the loss of five anterior teeth and alveolar bone, and whose previous orthodontic and surgical treatments had been unsuccessful. Case report: In this case, the space for the missing mandibular molar was reopened to allow for rehabilitation. The positions of the mandibular incisors were improved. The right mandibular canine was moved to the mesial, allowing for correction of the Class II canine relationship on that side, and implants were placed to replace the maxillary anterior teeth. Conclusion: Anterior aesthetic and functional rehabilitation using a multidisciplinary approach was essential to improve the patient's facial aesthetics, to obtain great improvement in function and to achieve occlusal stability after 2 years of follow-up.

RESUMO Introdução: o tratamento de danos bucomaxilofaciais é complexo e requer diagnóstico abrangente e preciso, além de um correto plano de tratamento. Objetivo: o objetivo deste relato de caso foi descrever o retratamento de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 27 anos de idade, envolvida em acidente automobilístico grave, que resultou na perda de cinco dentes, além de perda óssea alveolar na região anterior. Relato de caso: a paciente apresentava histórico de insucesso de tratamento ortodôntico e cirúrgico. No caso apresentado, o espaço referente aos molares inferiores ausentes foi reaberto, para possibilitar a reabilitação. Houve melhora no posicionamento dos incisivos inferiores. O canino inferior direito foi deslocado para mesial, possibilitando a correção da relação de Classe II intercaninos do mesmo lado. Implantes foram inseridos a fim de substituir os dentes superiores da região anterior. Conclusão: a reabilitação estética e funcional da região anterior, realizada por meio de uma abordagem multidisciplinar, foi fundamental para valorizar a estética facial da paciente, melhorar a função e promover estabilidade oclusal após dois anos de acompanhamento.

Shear bond strength of three different bonding systems for orthodontic brackets

Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the efficiencies of different adhesive systems used to bond orthodontic brackets as well as the fracture pattern during debonding on bovine teeth. Methods: The sample included 45 specimens assigned to 3 groups according to the adhesive system applied: Group I: Transbond XT (3M Unitek®, Monrovia/CA -USA), Group II: Orthocem (FGM® Joinville/SC-BR), and Group III: Orthobond (Morelli®, Sorocaba/SP-BR). For this purpose, metal brackets were bonded to bovine teeth following the instructions from each manufacturer. The specimens were subjected to a shear test to assess bond strength (BS). Finally, after debonding, the adhesive remnant index (ARI) was estimated. Results: The average shear strength for a tooth bonded using the adhesive system Transbond XT was 16.39 MPa, while it was 18.08 Mpa for Orthocem and 7.28 Mpa for Orthobond; The Tukey test revealed no statistically significant differences between groups I and II (p < 0.01) and group III differed statistically from groups I and II. Conclusion: In conclusion, both adhesive systems Transbond XT and Orthocem attained higher bond strength values than Orthobond; the fracture pattern was similar for all adhesive systems applied

Effect of acute administration of nicotine and ethanol on tooth movement in rats

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of acute administration of nicotine and ethanol on tooth movement in rats. Two hundred rats were divided into eight groups: S: saline; N: nicotine; E: ethanol; NE: nicotine and ethanol; SM: saline with tooth movement; NM: nicotine with tooth movement; EM: ethanol with tooth movement; and NEM: nicotine and ethanol with tooth movement. All the solutions were applied for 32, 44, or 58 days, according to the subgroup. Orthodontic movement (25 cN) was initiated 30 days after solution administration in the groups with tooth movement. The rats were euthanized 2, 14, or 28 days after initiation of tooth movement. Tooth sections were stained using picrosirius and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). The data were compared by ANOVA using Tukey's HSD and Games-Howell. On day 28 of tooth movement, the NEM group had a lower percentage of type I collagen compared to the SM group (p = 0.0448), and the S group had a higher number of osteoclasts/μm2 compared to the N group (p = 0.0405). Nicotine and ethanol did not affect the tooth movement rate, regardless of induction of orthodontic movement. Nicotine influenced the number of osteoclasts by decreasing their quantity when dental movement was not induced. When nicotine was associated with ethanol, it interfered in the maturation of collagen fibers during orthodontic movement.

Interaction of Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Induced Tooth Movement in Rats

Abstract This study evaluated the interaction between tooth movement and two anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS), Deposteron® and Nebido®. One hundred Wistar rats were divided into 3 groups: control (C) n=30, Nebido experimental (N) n=35 and Deposteron experimental (D) n=35. The control group was subdivided into 6 subgroups: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14. The experimental groups were subdivided into 7 subgroups: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 and 14, which corresponded to the day of animal's euthanasia after applying orthodontic force. Orthodontic devices were used to induce tooth movement using 50 cN of reciprocal force between the maxillary right first molar and the maxillary incisors. After euthanasia, the tissues were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). Osteoclasts, Howship's lacunae and blood vessels were quantified. Groups N and D showed acceleration in the reorganization of the periodontal ligament compared to group C. The peak of the histological events occurred in group C on day 5 and in groups N and D on day 3 after installation of the orthodontic device. There was a statistically significant difference in the number of osteoclasts (p<0.05) between groups N3 and C3, and between groups N3 and D3. Supra-physiological doses of the AAS Nebido® and Deposteron® altered the number of osteoclasts, Howship's lacunae and blood vessels, accelerating the reorganization of the periodontal ligament, resulting in accelerated biological effects from the induced tooth movement in rats.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou a interação do movimento dentário entre dois esteróides anabólicos androgênicos (EAA), Deposteron® and Nebido®. Cem ratos Wistar foram divididos em 3 grupos: controle (C) n=30, Nebido experimental (N) n=35 e Deposteron experimental (D) n=35. O grupo controle foi subdivido em 6 subgrupos: 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 e 14. Os grupos experimentais foram subdivididos em 7 subgrupos: 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 e 14, correspondendo ao dia da eutanásia do animal após aplicada a força ortodôntica. Um dispositivo ortodôntico foi utilizado para induzir a movimentação dentária com força recíproca de 50 cN entre o primeiro molar superior direito e os incisivos superiores. Após a eutanásia, o tecido foi processado e corado com hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e fosfatase ácida tartarato-resistente (TRAP). Osteoclastos, lacunas de Howship e vasos sanguíneos foram quantificados. Os grupos N e D demonstraram aceleração na reorganização do ligamento periodontal comparado ao grupo C. O pico dos eventos histológicos ocorreu no grupo C no dia 5 e nos grupos N e D no dia 3, após a instalação do dispositivo ortodôntico. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante no número de osteoclastos (p<0,05) entre os grupos N3 e C3 e entre os grupos N3 e D3. Doses supra-fisiológicas de EAA Nebido® and Deposteron® alteraram o número de osteoclastos, lacunas de Howship e vasos sanguíneos, acelerando a reorganização do ligamento periodontal, resultando na aceleração dos efeitos biológicos na movimentação dentária em ratos.

Effects of Zoledronic Acid on Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats

Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of the administration of zoledronic acid (ZA) during orthodontic movement in rats. A hundred and twenty male Wistar rats were applied force of 30 cN with spring closed nickel-titanium to move the upper right first molar to mesial. In the Control Movement group (CM), only tooth movement was performed; the Control Acid Zoledronic group (CAZ) received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) of ZA; the Experimental Acid Zoledronic group (EAZ) received a single dose (0.1 mg/kg) one week prior to the start of tooth movement; and the Control Without movement group (CWM) that received no drug and without application of tooth movement. The animals were euthanized after 3, 7 and 14 days. Tooth movement was measured using a caliper, the number of osteoclasts using TRAP staining, the expression of mature and immature collagen using picrosirius staining, and the presence of hyaline areas and root resorption using HE. The data were compared using two-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD, Games-Howell and chi-squared test, at the 5% significance level. It was observed a smaller number of osteoclasts and greater percentage of hyaline area in the EAZ group. There was no difference among the groups regarding bone remodeling, root resorption and tooth movement for all observed times.

Resumo A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da administração do ácido zoledrônico (ZA) durante a movimentação ortodôntica em ratos. Cento e vinte ratos Wistar, machos, foram submetidos a aplicação de uma força de 30 cN através de uma mola fechada de níquel-titânio para mover o primeiro molar superior direito para mesial. No grupo Controle Movimentação (CM), apenas a movimentação dentária foi realizada; o grupo Controle Ácido Zoledrônico (CAZ) recebeu uma única dose (0,1 mg/kg) de ZA; o grupo Experimental Ácido Zoledrônico (EAZ) recebeu uma única dose (0,1 mg/Kg) uma semana antes do início da movimentação dentária; e o grupo Controle Sem Movimentação (CWM) não receberam nenhum tipo de droga e não foi realizado movimentação dentária. Os animais foram eutanásiados após 3, 7 e 14 dias. A movimentação dentária foi mensurada através de um paquímetro, o número de osteoclastos utilizando coloração TRAP, a expressão do colágeno maturo e imaturo através da coloração Picrosírius, e a presença de áreas hialinas e reabsorção radicular utilizando HE. Os dados foram comparados utilizando ANOVA a dois critérios, Tukey HSD, Games-Howell e teste de qui-quadrado, ao nível de significância de 5%. Verificou-se menor número de osteoclastos e maior porcentagem de área hialina no grupo EAZ. Não houve diferença entre grupos quanto à neoformação óssea, reabsorção radicular e movimentação dentária em todos os tempos observados.

Prevalência das chaves de oclusão de Andrews nos pacientes que procuram tratamento ortodôntico / Prevalence of the Andrews ideal keys of occlusion in patients who seek for orthodontic treatment

Poucos estudos foram feitos avaliando o status inicial da oclusão estática nos pacientes que procuram tratamento ortodôntico. Objetivou-se verificar a prevalência das chaves de oclusão de Andrews no início do tratamento ortodôntico. Foram avaliados os modelos de estudo iniciais de 236 pacientes de Ortodontia, de ambos os sexos, em fase de dentição permanente. Foi verificada por meio de inspeção visual, template cefalométrico e régua milimetrada, a presença ou não das chaves de Andrews. Nos modelos avaliados, 141 apresentavam-se sem nenhuma das seis chaves, 42 com uma, 20 com duas, 28 com três e 5 com quatro das seis chaves. A chave 6, curva de Spee suave ou ausente, foi a mais frequente (27,5% dos casos) e a chave 1, relação molar, foi a menos frequente, (1% dos casos). Pacientes que buscam tratamento ortodôntico apresentam-se, em sua maioria, sem nenhuma das seis chaves de oclusão ideal de Andrews.

Few studies have been performed to evaluate the initial status of static occlusion in patients seeking orthodontic treatment. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of occlusion Andrews keys at the beginning of orthodontic treatment. Models of initial study of 236 orthodontic patients, both genders, under permanent dentition were evaluated. Presence or absence of the keys was verified by visual inspection, template cephalometric and millimeter ruler. One hundred and forty one models presented without any of the six keys, 42 with one key, 20 with two keys, 28 with three keys and 5 with four of the six keys. Key 6, mild or absent curve of Spee, was the most frequent (27.5 % of cases) while key 1, molar ratio, was less frequent (1% of cases). Patients seeking for orthodontic treatment are presented, mostly without any of the Andrews six keys to optimal occlusion.

Resistência adesiva após colagem e recolagem de bráquetes: um estudo in vitro / Bond strength after bonding and rebonding of brackets: an in vitro study

A busca por um material adesivo para recolagem de bráquetes com adesão adequada desperta interesse ao ortodontista. A resina fotopolimerizável ReBond® foi introduzida na Ortodontia com esta finalidade. Objetivos: Avaliar e comparar o desempenho in vitro do ReBond® com a resina Transbond XT® na recolagem de bráquetes metálicos. Materiais e Métodos: Noventa incisivos inferiores bovinos foram divididos em 3 grupos (n=30): Grupo I: bráquetes colados com resina Transbond® e colagem de novos bráquetes com resina Transbond®; Grupo II: bráquetes colados com resina Transbond® e recolados com resina Rebond®; Grupo III: bráquetes colados e recolados com resina Transbond®. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de cisalhamento na máquina de ensaio universal DL 500 (EMIC). Os valores obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente e apresentaram distribuição normal (ANOVA e TUKEY-HSD). Resultados: Os resultados evidenciaram existir diferença estatisticamente significante entre grupos e en¬tre colagem/recolagem dos bráquetes. A força de colagem inicial demonstrou ser sempre superior à força de recolagem, em todos os grupos experimentais. Conclusões: A força de recolagem dos bráquetes com Rebond® e Transbond® apresentaram forças de adesão adequadas ao uso clínico...

The search for an adhesive material for satisfactory rebond of brackets awakens interest to the orthodontist. The ReBond® fotopolimerizable resin was introduced in Orthodontics with this purpose. Objectives: To assess and compare the performance of in vitro ReBond® with Transbond XT® resin of metallic orthodontic brackets in rebonding. Materials and Method: Ninety bovine lower incisors were divided into 3 groups (n = 30): Group I: brackets bonded with Transbond® resin and bond of new brackets with Transbond® resin; Group II: brackets bonded with Transbond® resin and rebonded with Rebond® resin; Group III: brackets bonded and rebonded with Transbond® resin. Samples were submitted to a shear test in a universal testing machine DL 500 (EMIC). Data were statistically analyzed and showed normal distribution (ANOVA and TUKEY-HSD). Results: The results showed significant difference between groups and between bond/rebond of brackets. The initial bond strength was always higher than the rebond strength in all experimental groups. Conclusions: The strength of rebonding of the brackets rebonded with Rebond® and Transbond® was adequate to the appropriate clinical use...

Glossectomy as an adjunct to correct an open-bite malocclusion with shortened maxillary central incisor roots.

A young man, 19 years of age, with the chief complaint of an anterior open bite, came for orthodontic treatment with a skeletal Class I relationship, anterior open bite, shortened maxillary incisor roots, and relative macroglossia. The malocclusion was treated by extracting the maxillary first premolars and using a fixed edgewise appliance. A partial glossectomy was performed before the orthognathic surgery with a 3-piece segmental LeFort I mandibular setback, and advancement was achieved with a reduction genioplasty. A functional and esthetic occlusion with an improved facial profile was established, and the apex of the maxillary left central incisor became slightly rounded after prolonged and significant tooth movement. Four years after treatment, there was occlusal stability of the results, and no further root shortening was observed.

Influence of different beverages on the force degradation of intermaxillary elastics: an in vitro study

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of frequently ingested beverages on force degradation of intermaxillary elastics. Material and Methods: One hundred and eighty 1/4-inch intermaxillary elastics (TP Orthodontics) were immersed into six different beverages: (1) Coca-Cola®; (2) Beer; (3) Orange juice; (4) Red wine; (5) Coffee and (6) artificial saliva (control). The period of immersion was 15 min for the first and second cycles and 30 min for the third to fifth cycles. Tensile forces were read in a tensile testing machine before and after the five immersion cycles. One-way repeated measures ANOVA was used to identify significant differences. Results: Force degradation was seen in all evaluated groups and at all observation periods (p<0.05). A greater degree of degradation was present at the initial periods, decreasing gradually over time. However, no statistically significant differences were seen among groups at the same periods, showing that different groups behaved similarly. Conclusion: The chemical nature of the evaluated beverages was not able to influence the degree of force degradation at all observation periods.

Avaliação da resistência adesiva após colagem ortodôntica com resina e sistema hidrofílicos com ou sem contaminação / Evaluation of adhesive strengh after orthodontics bonding with hydrophilic resin and system with or without contamination

A contaminação salivar deve ser evitada para obter-se adequada adesão dos braquetes no esmalte. Entretanto, a colagem de braquetes e acessórios em dentes impactados, superfícies dentárias linguais, segundos molares e dentes parcialmente irrompidos torna mais difícil o procedimento de colagem sem contaminação. Dessa forma, materiais têm sido desenvolvidos com a intenção de obter-se boa resistência adesiva dos braquetes frente à contaminação por água e/ou saliva. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar, in vitro, a resistência adesiva ao cisalhamento após a colagem de braquetes metálicos com a resina Transbond Color Change® (TCC) e sistema adesivo Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer® (TPSEP) na presença ou ausência de contaminação por saliva. Foram utilizados 100 incisivos inferiores bovinos, divididos em 4 grupos (Grupo 1: TPSEP + Transbond XT e ausência de contaminação; Grupo 2: TPSEP + Transbond XT e presença de contaminação; Grupo 3: TPSEP + TCC e ausência de contaminação; Grupo 4: TPSEP + TCC e presença de contaminação). Os corpos de prova foram submetidos ao teste de cisalhamento na máquina de ensaio universal DL 500 (EMIC). Os valores obtidos foram analisados estatisticamente através do método de ANOVA a dois critérios, modelo fatorial completo, e evidenciaram que a presença de contaminação por saliva diminuiu a resistência adesiva nos dois grupos estudados (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que a resistência adesiva ao cisalhamento diminui na presença de contaminação por saliva ao se utilizar um sistema adesivo e resina hidrofílicos.