Synthesis, biological evaluation and in silico studies of novel thiadiazole-hydrazone derivatives for carbonic anhydrase inhibitory and anticancer activities.

Thiadiazole and hydrazone derivatives (5a-5i) were synthesized and their chemical structures were verified and described by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectra. Three cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA, and HT-29) and one healthy cell line (L929) were used to test the cytotoxicity activity of synthesized compounds as well as their inhibitory activity against carbonic anhydrase I, II and IX isoenzymes. Compound 5d (29.74 µM) had a high inhibitory effect on hCA I and compound 5b (23.18 µM) had a high inhibitory effect on hCA II. Furthermore, compound 5i was found to be the most potent against CA IX. Compounds 5a-5i, 5b and 5i showed the highest anticancer effect against MCF-7 cell line with an IC50 value of 9.19 and 23.50 µM, and compound 5d showed the highest anticancer effect against MDA cell line with an IC50 value of 10.43 µM. The presence of fluoro substituent in the o-position of the phenyl ring increases the effect on hCA II, while the methoxy group in the o-position of the phenyl ring increases the activity on hCA I as well as increase the anticancer activity. Cell death induction was evaluated by Annexin V assay and it was determined that these compounds cause cell death by apoptosis. Molecular docking was performed for compounds 5b and 5d to understand their biological interactions. The physical and ADME properties of compounds 5b and 5d were evaluated using SwissADME.

Evaluation of receiver-stimulator migration in cochlear implantation using the subperiosteal pocket technique: a prospective clinical study.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate migration of the receiver-stimulator after cochlear implantation using the subperiosteal pocket technique. METHODS: A prospective clinical study was performed of 32 paediatric patients (aged between 12 months and 8 years; mean ± standard deviation, 28 ± 19 months) who underwent cochlear implantation in tertiary referral centres. The degree of migration was evaluated using measurements between the receiver-stimulator and selected reference points: the lateral canthus, tragus and mastoid tip. All distances were measured during and six months after surgery. RESULTS: No receiver-stimulator migration was observed when using the subperiosteal pocket technique. CONCLUSION: Concerns about implant migration in the subperiosteal pocket technique are unwarranted: this is a safe technique to use for cochlear implantation.

Tailed Palva flap in the subperiosteal pocket technique for cochlear implantation.

BACKGROUND: In recent years, the subperiosteal pocket technique has become popular for minimal access cochlear implantation. Many incision techniques have been described in cochlear implantation. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to demonstrate the safety and reliability of a new periosteal incision, called tailed Palva incision, in cochlear implantation. METHODS: A total of 280 patients who underwent cochlear implantation with the subperiosteal pocket technique between June 2008 and January 2013 were included in the study. RESULTS: The patients were followed up for between 11 and 74 months (mean ± standard deviation = 34 ± 19 months). No intracranial complications were seen during or after the operations. Additionally, there was no migration of the receiver-stimulator. Revision surgery was performed in eight patients (3 per cent), one of whom (0.4 per cent) had local flap failure and infection. CONCLUSION: This study shows that the tailed Palva incision facilitates easy insertion of the implant and, by creating a one-way obscured pocket, this technique also enhances stabilisation of the receiver-stimulator, thereby avoiding anterior migration.

Surgical and audiological evaluation of the Baha BA400.

OBJECTIVE: Despite extensive soft tissue reduction, the most common complications associated with bone-anchored hearing aid systems, also known as bone-anchored hearing implants, are related to adverse skin reactions around the abutment. The necessary soft tissue reduction also adds complexity to the surgical procedure. This study aimed to evaluate the surgical and audiological outcomes of a new connective interface of the Cochlear™ Baha® BA400 device implanted using the one-stage surgical technique. METHOD: A multicentre, retrospective case series is presented, including data collected from three tertiary care institutions. RESULTS: In total, 16 patients who had undergone bone-anchored hearing aid surgery over a 10- to 12-month period were assessed for hearing performance, implant stability and surgical complications. CONCLUSION: This case series indicates that new abutments with a hydroxyapatite coating can be implanted percutaneously without soft tissue reduction. Furthermore, device implantation using this surgical technique may have some advantages compared with a conventional device and procedure combination over 12- to 16-months of follow up.

Follicular dendritic cell sarcoma of the nasopharynx.

Follicular dendritic cell (FDC) sarcomas of the nasopharynx are rare tumours; only seven cases have been reported in the English language medical literature. The authors present an eighth case, which occurred in a 70-year-old woman whose main complaint was nasal obstruction. It has been more than 10 years since FDC sarcoma was reported to occur in extranodal sites, and clinical and pathological characteristics of extranodal FDC sarcomas remain to be defined. The lack of a high index of suspicion is the main reason for misdiagnosis. The authors point out the difficulties in the diagnosis and management of this rare condition.

Spinal accessory nerve function after neck dissections.

The aim of this study was to evaluate spinal accessory nerve function after functional neck dissection (FND) and radical neck dissection (RND) by monitoring the nerve with electromyographic (EMG) examinations. A prospective, double-blind, clinical study was undertaken in 21 patients (42 neck side dissections) operated on for head and neck malignant diseases, separated into two groups: 10 neck sides in the RND group and 32 neck sides in the FND group. Electromyographic examinations were performed pre-operatively and post-operatively in the third week and third and ninth months. Additionally, a questionnaire, modified from the neck dissection impairment index, was applied to all the patients in order to assess shoulder function in the ninth post-operative month. All patients had maximum EMG scores pre-operatively. Following the operation, motor amplitudes decreased in both groups. At the third post-operative month, amplitudes decreased to their lowest values. As expected, the decreases in amplitude and EMG score were more prominent in the RND group. Following reinnervation, the amplitudes of the trapezius motor response increased in the FND group but never reached pre-operative values (during the time of follow up). The FND group scores for pain, neck and shoulder stiffness, and disability in heavy object lifting, light object lifting and reaching overhead were significantly lower than those of the RND group. In FND, one aims to preserve anatomically the spinal accessory nerve, and it is presumed to be intact after the procedure. However, using EMG nerve function monitoring, our study revealed that profound spinal nerve injury was detected immediately after FND surgery, which tended to improve over subsequent months but had not regained its original function by the end of the ninth post-operative month.

Evaluation of the effect of passive smoking on otitis media in children by an objective method: urinary cotinine analysis.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine objectively the effect of the passive smoking on otitis media with effusion (OME) and recurrent otitis media (ROM) by using the method of cotinine urinalysis. STUDY DESIGN: We designed a prospective case-control study with follow-up of the case group for 1 year after insertion of tympanostomy tubes to evaluate postoperative complications such as otorrhea and early extrusion (<6 months), in case a significant risk factor was found. METHODS: One hundred fourteen children between 3 and 8 years of age requiring tympanostomy tubes because of OME and ROM were chosen and compared with 40 age-matched children. Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke was assessed by cotinine urinalysis, which was performed by means of the radioimmunoassay method. RESULTS: In this study, 73.7% (84 of 114) of the children in the case group and 55.0% (22 of 40) of the children in the control group were found to be "exposed" (P = .0461). This difference was statistically significant. Comparing the cotinine urinalysis results with parental smoking histories, 23.1% (9 of 39) of the children without parental smoking histories were "exposed" to tobacco smoke versus 84.3% (97 of 115) of the children with parental smoking histories (at least one person smoking). CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that sidestream smoking increases the risk of OME and ROM. Legal regulations and guidelines must be established to protect children from passive smoking. Because cotinine urinalysis is a noninvasive and reliable method for the determination of passive smoking, it can be used for that purpose.