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1.
Rev. colomb. ortop. traumatol ; 37(2): 1-12, 2023. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: biblio-1532208

RESUMO

Introducción. La displasia del desarrollo de la cadera (DDC) abarca un conjunto de anormalidades relacionadas con el proceso de maduración del acetábulo y del tercio proximal del fémur Si no se trata de manera adecuada y oportuna, los pacientes con esta condición pueden desarrollar osteoartritis (OA) eventualmente.Objetivo. Recopilar y sintetizar evidencia científica publicada entre enero de 2000 y febrero de 2023 sobre la fisiopatología de la DDC y su relación con el desarrollo de OA de cadera en términos de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos genéticos, inflamatorios e inmunológicos. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura en bases de datos de literatura biomédica (PubMed/Medline, Embase, SciELO) y herramientas bioinformáticas (e-Ensambl, STRING), mediante términos como "displasia de cadera", "osteoartritis", "etiología" y "genes". Se incluyeron estudios observacionales clínicos y genéticos realizados en humanos.Resultados. La búsqueda inicial arrojó 349 registros, de los cuales 23 cumplieron los criterios de elegibilidad. Los genes que interactúan con módulos genéticos parecen participar en el desarrollo articular y la etiología de las enfermedades relacionadas con el cartílago y el hueso; sin embargo, la inestabilidad mecánica producida por la DCC activa factores inflamatorios e inmunológicos, predisponiendo OA. A partir de la información encontrada, se puede considerar que existe una relación muy estrecha entre DDC y OA.Conclusiones. Conocer los mecanismos fisiopatológicos genéticos, inflamatorios e inmunológicos de DDC y OA favorece la realización de un diagnóstico oportuno y, en consecuencia, posibilita brindar un tratamiento adecuado para disminuir y controlar el daño a largo plazo y mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente


Introduction: Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) encompasses a set of abnormalities related to the maturation process of the acetabulum and the proximal third of the femur. If not treated properly and promptly, patients with this condition may eventually develop osteoarthritis (OA).Objective: To compile and synthesize scientific evidence published between January 2000 and February 2023 on the pathophysiology of DDH and its relationship to the development of hip OA in terms of genetic, inflammatory and immunological pathophysiological mechanisms.Methodology: A literature review was performed in biomedical literature databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, SciELO) and bioinformatic resources (e-Ensambl, STRING), using terms such as "hip dysplasia", "osteoarthritis", "etiology", and "genes". Clinical and genetic observational studies involving human subjects were included.Results: The initial search yielded 349 records, of which 23 met the eligibility criteria. Genes that interact with genetic modules may play a role in the development of joints and the etiology of diseases that affect the bones and cartilage; however, the mechanical instability caused by DDH activates inflammatory and immunological factors, predisposing to OA. Based on the information obtained, it is possible to consider that there is a very close relationship between DDH and OA.Conclusions: Knowing the genetic, inflammatory and immunological pathophysiological mechanisms of DDH and OA favors timely diagnosis and, consequently, allows providing proper treatment to reduce and control long-term damage and improve the patient's quality of life

2.
J Int Med Res ; 50(11): 3000605221137475, 2022 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36437534

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether metabolic phenotype is associated with the change in carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in patients undergoing bariatric /metabolic surgery (BMS). METHODS: We performed a case-control study of BMS candidates who had metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) or metabolically healthy obesity (MHO). We measured the change in CIMT during the 9 months following BMS. The plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1ß, adiponectin, leptin, nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), and malondialdehyde concentrations were determined, adipocyte area was measured histologically, and adipose tissue area was estimated using computed tomography. RESULTS: Fifty-six patients (mean age 44.5 years, mean body mass index 44.9 kg/m2, 53% women, and 53% had MUO) were studied. Nine months following BMS, the MUO phenotype was not associated with a significant reduction in CIMT, and that of the MHO group was larger. In addition, fewer participants achieved a 10% reduction in CIMT in the MUO group. A CIMT reduction was associated with lower VEGF-A and NO in the MUO group, while that in the MHO group was associated with a higher NO concentration. CONCLUSION: The metabolic phenotype of patients may influence their change in CIMT following BMS, probably through circulating vasodilatory and pro-inflammatory molecules.


Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade Metabolicamente Benigna , Feminino , Masculino , Humanos , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Fatores de Risco , Obesidade Metabolicamente Benigna/metabolismo , Obesidade/metabolismo
3.
Asian J Endosc Surg ; 12(4): 465-468, 2019 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30569588

RESUMO

Ten years after undergoing sleeve gastrectomy, a 39-year-old man developed pancreatitis and, after recovery, presented with severe diarrhea. An image study showed barium contrast passing from the stomach to the colon. Before surgery, initial treatment consisted of parenteral nutrition and antibiotics. The patient then underwent robot-assisted resection of a gastrocolic fistula and omentoplasty. However, 72 h after surgery, the amount of suction drainage suggested that the fistulous track repair was leaking. Therefore, we decided to perform endoscopy to place a self-expanding covered stent at the gastroesophageal junction as well as a nasojejunal tube to continue nutritional supplementation. After the patient had fasted for 2 weeks, there was no evidence of leakage in the image studies. The patient was discharged after he had clinically improved, and the stent was removed at the end of 8 weeks. The combination of robot-assisted surgery and endoscopic management is effective for treating gastrocolic fistula.


Assuntos
Endoscopia Gastrointestinal/métodos , Fístula Gástrica/etiologia , Fístula Gástrica/cirurgia , Fístula Intestinal/etiologia , Fístula Intestinal/cirurgia , Pancreatite/complicações , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Adulto , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Sulfato de Bário , Meios de Contraste , Gastrectomia , Fístula Gástrica/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Fístula Intestinal/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Nutrição Parenteral , Stents
4.
Arch. argent. pediatr ; 116(6): 773-777, dic. 2018. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, BINACIS | ID: biblio-973696

RESUMO

El síndrome de Sjogren-Larsson se caracteriza por retardo mental, ictiosis congènita y diplejía o cuadriplejía espástica. El defecto primario en este síndrome es la mutación del gen ALDH3A2, que codifica la enzima aldehído deshidrogenasa grasa y causa una deficiencia enzimática que produce una acumulación de alcoholes y aldehídos grasos en los tejidos que comprometen la integridad de la membrana celular, cuyos efectos pueden observarse en la piel, los ojos y el sistema nervioso central. El diagnóstico se realiza por medio de la cuantificación de la actividad de la enzima. Se describe el caso de una paciente con signos clínicos patognomónicos del síndrome de Sjogren-Larsson, cuyo diagnóstico se realizó por medio de la cuantificación de la actividad enzimática en un cultivo de fibroblastos. Además, tomando en cuenta el árbol genealógico de la paciente, se realizó el estudio en los padres y un hermano con signos sugestivos del síndrome de Sjogren-Larsson.


Sjogren-Larsson syndrome is characterized by congenital ichthyosis, mental retardation and spastic diplegia or quadriplegia. The primary defect in this syndrome is mutation of ALDH3A2 gen that codes for the fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Deficiency of this enzyme causes an accumulation of fatty alcohols and fatty aldehydes, leading to altered cell-membrane integrity. Skin, eyes, and the central nervous system are affected latter. The diagnosis is carried out through the cuantification of the enzyme activity.


Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Síndrome de Sjogren-Larsson/diagnóstico , Aldeído Oxirredutases/genética , Síndrome de Sjogren-Larsson/genética , Fibroblastos/enzimologia , Mutação
5.
Cir Cir ; 84(5): 434-43, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27423883

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of the endocrine system, the papillary variant accounts for 80-90% of all diagnosed cases. In the development of papillary thyroid cancer, BRAF and RAS genes are mainly affected, resulting in a modification of the system of intracellular signaling proteins known as «protein kinase mitogen-activated¼ (MAPK) which consist of «modules¼ of internal signaling proteins (Receptor/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK) from the cell membrane to the nucleus. In thyroid cancer, these signanling proteins regulate diverse cellular processes such as differentiation, growth, development and apoptosis. MAPK play an important role in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer as they are used as molecular biomarkers for diagnostic, prognostic and as possible therapeutic molecular targets. Mutations in BRAF gene have been correlated with poor response to treatment with traditional chemotherapy and as an indicator of poor prognosis. OBJECTIVE: To review the molecular mechanisms involved in intracellular signaling of BRAF and RAS genes in thyroid cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Molecular therapy research is in progress for this type of cancer as new molecules have been developed in order to inhibit any of the components of the signaling pathway (RET/PTC)/Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK; with special emphasis on the (RET/PTC)/Ras/Raf section, which is a major effector of ERK pathway.


Assuntos
Proteínas de Neoplasias/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Genes Neoplásicos , Genes ras , Humanos , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , Terapia de Alvo Molecular , Mutação , Proteínas de Neoplasias/genética , Fator de Transcrição PAX8/genética , Fator de Transcrição PAX8/fisiologia , PPAR gama/genética , PPAR gama/fisiologia , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/genética , Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinases/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas B-raf/fisiologia , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-akt/fisiologia , Transdução de Sinais/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/genética , Serina-Treonina Quinases TOR/fisiologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/genética , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/terapia
6.
Gac Med Mex ; 152(1): 13-8, 2016.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26927639

RESUMO

Oxidative stress could promote the development of cancer and implicate carbonylated proteins in the carcinogenic process. The goal of this study was to assess the concentrations of carbonylated proteins and carbonyl reductase enzyme in women with breast cancer and determine whether these markers were possible indicators of tissue damage caused by the disease. A total of 120 healthy women and 123 women with a diagnosis of breast cancer were included. The concentration of carbonylated proteins in plasma and the concentration of carbonyl reductase enzyme in leukocytes were determined using the ELISA assay. There was a 3.76-fold increase in the amount of carbonylated proteins in the plasma from the patient group compared with healthy control group (5±3.27 vs. 1.33±2.31 nmol carbonyls/mg protein; p<0.05). Additionally, a 60% increase in the carbonyl reductase enzyme was observed in the patient group compared with the healthy control group (3.27±0.124 vs. 2.04±0.11 ng/mg protein; p<0.05). A positive correlation (r=0.95; p<0.001) was found between both measurements. These results suggest the presence of tissue damage produced by cancer; therefore, these parameters could be used to indicate tissue damage in cancer patients.


Assuntos
Oxirredutases do Álcool/sangue , Proteínas Sanguíneas/análise , Neoplasias da Mama/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Projetos Piloto , Carbonilação Proteica
8.
Ginecol Obstet Mex ; 78(12): 645-51, 2010 Dec.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21961370

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) represents a serious health problem in the world. This is because are associated with cervical cancer development in when HPV of high-risk type 16 and 18 are involved. A genital infection by these virus types are normally asymptomatic in the male and an infection to sexual partner is possible. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present is the detection of HPV-16 and HPV-18 in semen samples from patients included in an assisted reproduction protocol. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Semen samples were obtained from 149 patients that are included in an assisted reproduction protocol in our institution. Semen was examined according with WHO criteria and detection of HPV-16 and HPV-18 was realized with real time PCR protocol with commercial kits. Also, conventional histology techniques were used to assess spermatozoo morphology and leukocyte count. RESULTS: 149 semen samples were analyzed from patients with an age average 37.27 (22-56 age). The 56.18% present oligozoospermic and take into account all patients, 59.73% was positive for HPV-16 (29.56%), HPV-18 (16.11%) or both (14.09%). The infection with HPV-16 was more frequent in both oligozoospermic and normozoospermic patients. In this latter, a minus abnormal spermatic cells and leukocytes were found in regard to oligozoospermic patients. CONCLUSIONS: There is an important percentage off human asymptomatic male subjects that present in your semen a positive result for high risk papillomavirus. This is very important for the sexual partner because this represent a problem for public health that most be in attention.


Assuntos
Papillomavirus Humano 16/isolamento & purificação , Papillomavirus Humano 18/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Sêmen/virologia , Adulto , Distinções e Prêmios , DNA Viral/análise , DNA Viral/isolamento & purificação , Ginecologia , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obstetrícia , Oligospermia/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/transmissão , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Técnicas de Reprodução Assistida , Parceiros Sexuais , Espermatozoides/ultraestrutura , Adulto Jovem
9.
Rev. ADM ; 62(5): 171-176, sept.-oct. 2005. ilus, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-417867

RESUMO

Objetivo: determinar la presencia de laminina, en el ligamento periodontal (LPD) en premolares a los que se les aplicó fuerzas ortodónticas. Hipótesis: la laminina presente en el ligamento periodontal de dientes sujetos a presión ortodóntica presentarán modificación en su expresión. Diseño, material y métodos: se colocó aparatología en sujetos clínicamente sanos en sus primeros premolares superiores, siendo el derecho experimental (sometido a fuerza ortodóncica) y el izquierdo, el control (sin aparatología). Al término de tres semanas, se obtuvieron los LPDs para determinar la presencia de laminina por medio de western blot. Resultados: en comparación con los premolares que no fueron sometidos a fuerzas ortodónticas, los que tuvieron aparatología presentaron una disminución estadísticamente significativa en la presencia de laminina. Conclusiones: nuestros resultados indican que existen cambios a nivel molecular en el LPD de dientes que fueron sometidos a fuerzas ortodónticas


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Laminina , Ortodontia Corretiva , Ligamento Periodontal , Aparelhos Ortodônticos , Dente Pré-Molar , Western Blotting , Matriz Extracelular , México , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Técnicas de Movimentação Dentária
10.
Ginecol. obstet. Méx ; 69(6): 218-226, jun. 2001. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-309712

RESUMO

El conocimiento en la regulación de las funciones del ovario se ha extendido del concepto clásico de la regulación endocrina por hormonas sexuales y gonadotropinas al conocimiento de regulación intraovárica, por medio de factores parácrinos y autócrinos. El crecimiento folicular y la esteroidogénesis es regulada principalmente por las gonadotropinas (hormona folículo estimulante, FSH; y la hormona luteinizante, LH) y los esteroides. Por otra parte, últimamente han aumentado las evidencias que revelan que los factores de crecimiento intraováricos juegan un papel importante en la modulación de los efectos de las gonadotropinas en las funciones del ovario.


Assuntos
Receptores ErbB , Síndrome do Ovário Policístico/fisiopatologia , Fator de Crescimento Transformador alfa , Apoptose , Folículo Ovariano/fisiopatologia
11.
Med. interna Méx ; 16(4): 198-203, jul.-ago. 2000. CD-ROM
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-302983

RESUMO

La crisis hipertensiva puede manifestarse de dos formas: la emergencia y la urgencia hipertensivas. Si bien las dos están incluidas en las llamadas crisis hipertensivas, durante la emergencia las complicaciones aparecen de manera brusca y se instalan con rapidez, por lo cual deben disminuirse, al término de unas cuantas horas, las cifras de tensión arterial, con el fin de reducir la morbilidad y mortalidad que este padecimiento ocasiona. Durante las urgencias, en cambio, los episodios ocurren en un lapso mayor y, por lo tanto, la tensión arterial puede controlarse incluso durante las primeras 24 horas, con el mismo objetivo de reducir los riesgos para el paciente. La crisis hipertensiva incluye diversos síndromes clínicos, que son la expresión del daño ocasionado por las cifras elevadas de la tensión arterial sobre los vasos sanguíneos y los órganos fundamentales. La clasificación que más se utiliza se basa en la elevación tensional y la aparición de las manifestaciones clínicas que expresan daño a los órganos. En la actualidad, a pesar de tener una terapéutica farmacológica efectiva contra estos padecimientos, la mortalidad debida a la emergencia hipertensiva sigue elevada (70-90 por ciento). Las causas más comunes de la muerte de estos pacientes son la uremia, el infarto agudo de miocardio y los accidentes cerebrovasculares. Sin embargo, es importante utilizar con precisión el concepto de crisis hipertensiva, en especial porque ésta requiere una terapéutica rápida y agresiva que no está exenta de efectos colaterales, incluso graves, y sólo se justifica si existe una meticulosa valoración clínica que confirme su diagnóstico.


Assuntos
Hipertensão Maligna/diagnóstico , Hipertensão Maligna/fisiopatologia , Hipertensão Maligna/tratamento farmacológico , Tratamento de Emergência
12.
Med. interna Méx ; 14(4): 180-5, jul.-ago. 1998.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-243169

RESUMO

El hígado es el órgano que en el humano principalmente metaboliza el etanol, pues posee tres sistemas que lo oxidan a acetaldehído que son: alcohol deshidrogenasa (ADH que se localiza en el citosol), catalasa (que se encuentran en las perixisomas), y citrocromo P-450 (que se ubica en el retículo endoplásmico liso conocido como sistema MEOS). Estos sistemas convierten al etanol en acetaldehído con la ayuda de las coenzimas NAD + y NADP +, mismas que se reducen hasta NADII y NADPII, respectivamente. El acetaldehído penetra en la mitocondría y se oxida a acetato por medio de la enzima aldehído deshidrogenasa (ALDH) y reduce una molécula de NAD + a NADH. Durante la ingestión aguda de etanol, la ADH es la principal enzima que metaboliza al etanol y participa en 85 por ciento durante la oxidación de éste, mientras que la catalasa y el sistema MEOS se encuentran inducidos y pueden llegar a metabolizar 40 por ciento del etanol ingerido. La oxidación de etanol hasta acetato produce equivalentes reductores (NADII y NADPH) en citosol y mitocondria, lo que ocasiona alteraciones en el metabolismo intermedio en los dos organitos intracelulares que, a su vez, son responsables de las alteraciones metabólicas que se encuentran el en hígado, en donde los sistemas de oxidación alternos de etanol se aumenta


Assuntos
Humanos , Álcool Desidrogenase , Alcoolismo/metabolismo , Etanol/metabolismo , Hepatopatias Alcoólicas/metabolismo , Fígado/fisiopatologia , Fígado/metabolismo
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