RESUMO
Manganese encephalopathy is a known disorder in occupational medicine. A serious phenomenon has been the emergence of manganese encephalopathy in intravenous users of homemade methcathinone (ephedrone). A short survey was developed for clinical environments dealing with people who use psychoactive substances. The data were obtained from 72 rehabilitation therapy centers. Surveys carried out in about a third of Polish centers dealing with providing medical assistance to people addicted to substances other than alcohol and tobacco have shown that over 4% of people treated there had symptoms of manganese encephalopathy, of which more than half are people in whom the probability of a clinical diagnosis of this disorder is significant. It has been shown that knowledge of manganese encephalopathy is none or minimal in more than 70% of the surveyed institutions. An urgent need for personnel training in this field was pointed out. Attention was paid to the importance of disseminating good review articles on new and dynamically developing problem phenomena.
Assuntos
Encefalopatias/epidemiologia , Intoxicação por Manganês/epidemiologia , Propiofenonas , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Encefalopatias/induzido quimicamente , Humanos , Intoxicação por Manganês/etiologia , Polônia/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicaçõesAssuntos
Serviços Comunitários de Saúde Mental/organização & administração , Atenção à Saúde/organização & administração , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Doença Aguda , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Antipsicóticos/uso terapêutico , Transtorno Bipolar/diagnóstico , Transtorno Bipolar/terapia , Catatonia/diagnóstico , Catatonia/terapia , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/diagnóstico , Transtorno Depressivo Maior/terapia , Guias como Assunto , Humanos , Anamnese/normas , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicometria/métodos , Transtornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Transtornos Psicóticos/terapia , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/terapia , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/diagnóstico , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/terapia , Tentativa de Suicídio/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Subjects maintained on methadone evidence a high level of interest in quitting cigarette smoking. Readiness to quit may result, at least partially, from direct pharmacological interactions between methadone and brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. The aim of the present study was to assess: (1) self-reported changes in smoking habits after admission to a methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) program; (2) acute effects of methadone administration on smoking behavior in MMT patients. The study was conducted between May and December 2001, in two public outpatient MMT clinics located in Warsaw, Poland. The patients (41 men, 30 women) reported smoking fewer cigarettes after admission to the program. Most subjects (67.6%) changed their favorite brand of cigarettes after admission. Mean nicotine content (mg/cigarette) significantly decreased. On the other hand, the subjects did not report any effects of methadone administration on smoking parameters. The above findings suggest that initiation of MMT is associated with positive changes in smoking behavior. However, these changes may not be related to direct pharmacological interactions between methadone and nicotine.
Assuntos
Metadona/uso terapêutico , Autorrevelação , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar , Fumar , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metadona/administração & dosagem , Polônia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
It is accepted that opiates are detectable in urine within three days from the last dose at a cut-off value of 300 ng/mL. In our clinical practice, some patients tested positive for morphine even after a week of detoxification. The present study evaluates the time course of opiate excretion in urine of dependent subjects (F11.25 according to ICD-10) in relation to route of administration and a kind of street heroin. The group comprised 71 men treated for opiate dependency: 33 of them used heroin exclusively by inhalation; 26 i.v.; 12 used i.v. homemade poppy straw decoctions. Opiate levels were measured once a day by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (TDx Abbott). Detection time ranged from 3 to 10 days for cut-off value 300 ng/mL and from less than one up to seven days for cut-off value 2000 ng/mL. The increases in urine drug concentration that result from changes in urinary output may be mistakenly interpreted as a new drug use. Normalization of drug excretion to urine creatinine concentration reduces the variability of drug measurement attributable to urine dilution. The time function of creatinine normalized opiate concentration has a log-linear character, and decreases at a rate of 2.5 per day on average. New "normalized" cut-off values were proposed: 225 ng/mg creatinine, 1500 ng/mg creatinine, and 3750 ng/mg creatinine that corresponds to 300 ng/mL urine, 2000 ng/mL urine, and 5000 ng/mL urine.
Assuntos
Vias de Administração de Medicamentos , Dependência de Heroína/urina , Heroína , Imunoensaio/métodos , Entorpecentes , Detecção do Abuso de Substâncias/métodos , Creatinina/urina , Heroína/administração & dosagem , Heroína/urina , Humanos , Drogas Ilícitas/urina , Masculino , Entorpecentes/administração & dosagem , Entorpecentes/urina , Valores de ReferênciaRESUMO
There was described and discussed a case of methadone maintenance participant, former polydrug abuser, who has received a standard treatment with bupropion SR for smoking cessation. Because of substance abuse in the past, eeg was monitored. Treatment was successful: patient stays abstinent since 5 months, neither seizures nor worsening of eeg were observed.
Assuntos
Bupropiona/uso terapêutico , Inibidores da Captação de Dopamina/uso terapêutico , Dependência de Heroína/reabilitação , Metadona/uso terapêutico , Antagonistas de Entorpecentes/uso terapêutico , Abandono do Hábito de Fumar/métodos , Prevenção do Hábito de Fumar , Bupropiona/administração & dosagem , Eletroencefalografia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transtornos Relacionados ao Uso de Substâncias/reabilitaçãoRESUMO
AIMS: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic exposure to alcohol on taste responses to a prototypic umami substance, monosodium glutamate (MSG). METHODS: The rated intensity and pleasantness of MSG taste (0.03-10.0%) was compared in chronic male alcoholics (n = 35) and control subjects (n = 25). In a separate experiment, the effects of acute exposure of the oral mucosa to ethanol rinse (0.5-4.0%) on MSG taste (0.3-3.0%) were studied in 10 social drinkers. RESULTS: The alcoholic and control group did not differ in terms of the rated intensity and pleasantness of MSG taste. Electrogustometric thresholds were significantly (P < 0.01) higher, i.e. worse, in the alcohol-dependent subjects. The difference remained significant after controlling for between-group differences in cigarette smoking and coffee drinking. Rinsing with ethanol did not alter either intensity or pleasantness of MSG taste in social drinkers. CONCLUSIONS: The present results suggest that: (i) neither acute nor chronic alcohol exposure modifies taste responses to MSG; (ii) alcohol dependence may be associated with deficit in threshold taste reactivity, as assessed by electrogustometry.