Artificial intelligence-based orthopaedic perpetual design.

Background and aims: Integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) methodologies in orthopaedic surgeries is becoming increasingly important as it optimises implant designs and treatment procedures. This research article introduces an innovative approach using an AI-driven algorithm, focusing on the humerus bone anatomy. The primary focus of this work is to determine implant dimensions tailored to individual patients. Methodology: We have utilised Python's DICOM library, which extracts rich information from medical images obtained through CT and MRI scans. The algorithm generates precise three-dimensional reconstructions of the bone, enabling a comprehensive understanding of its morphology. Results: Using algorithms that reconstructed 3D bone models to propose optimal implant geometries that adhere to patients' unique anatomical intricacies and cater to their functional requirements. Integrating AI techniques promotes enhanced implant designs that facilitate enhanced integration with the host bone, promoting improved patient outcomes. Conclusion: A notable breakthrough in this research is the ability of the algorithm to predict implant physical dimensions based on CT and MRI data. The algorithm can infer implant specifications that align with patient-specific bone characteristics by training the AI model on a diverse dataset. This approach could revolutionise orthopaedic surgery, reducing patient waiting times and the duration of medical interventions.

Holography applications toward medical field: An overview.

PURPOSE: 3D Holography is a commercially available, disruptive innovation, which can be customised as per the requirements and is supporting Industry 4.0. The purpose of this paper is to study the potential applications of 3D holography in the medical field. This paper explores the concept of holography and its significant benefits in the medical field. METHODS: The paper is derived through the study of various research papers on Holography and its applications in the medical field. The study tries to identify the direction of research &development and see how this innovative technology can be used effectively for better treatment of patients. RESULTS: Holography uses digital imaging inputs and provides an extensive visualisation of the data for training doctors, surgeons and students. Holography converts information about the body into a digital format and has the potential to inform, promote and entertain the medical students and doctors. However, it needs a large amount of space for data storage and extensive software support for analysis and skills for customising. This technology seems good to solve a variety of medical issues by storing and using patient data in developing 3D holograms, which are useful to assist successful treatment and surgery. It seems useful in providing flexible solutions in the area of medical research. Finally, the paper identifies 13 significant applications of this technology in the medical field and discusses them appropriately. CONCLUSION: The paper explores holographic applications in medical research due to its extensive capability of image processing. Holographic images are non-contact 3D images having a large field of depth. A physician can now zoom the holographic image for a better view of the medical part. This innovative technology can create advancements in the diagnosis and treatment process, which can improve medical practice. It helps in quick detection of problems in various organs like brain, heart, liver, kidney etc. By using this technology, medical practitioners can see colourful organs at multiple angles with better accuracy. It opens up an innovative way of planning, testing of procedures and diagnosis. With technological developments, compact hardware and software are now available to help medical research and related applications.

Impact of industry 4.0 to create advancements in orthopaedics.

Scientists and health professional are focusing on improving the medical sciences for the betterment of patients. The fourth industrial revolution, which is commonly known as Industry 4.0, is a significant advancement in the field of engineering. Industry 4.0 is opening a new opportunity for digital manufacturing with greater flexibility and operational performance. This development is also going to have a positive impact in the field of orthopaedics. The purpose of this paper is to present various advancements in orthopaedics by the implementation of Industry 4.0. To undertake this study, we have studied the available literature extensively on Industry 4.0, technologies of Industry 4.0 and their role in orthopaedics. Paper briefly explains about Industry 4.0, identifies and discusses the major technologies of Industry 4.0, which will support development in orthopaedics. Finally, from the available literature, the paper identifies twelve significant advancements of Industry 4.0 in orthopaedics. Industry 4.0 uses various types of digital manufacturing and information technologies to create orthopaedics implants, patient-specific tools, devices and innovative way of treatment. This revolution is to be useful to perform better spinal surgery, knee and hip replacement, and invasive surgeries.

Current status and challenges of Additive manufacturing in orthopaedics: An overview.

Additive manufacturing is a rapidly emerging technology which is being successfully implemented in the various field of medicine as well as in orthopaedics, where it has applications in reducing cartilage defects and treatments of bones. The technology helps through systematic collection of information about the shape of the "defects" and precise fabrication of complex 3D constructs such as cartilage, heart valve, trachea, myocardial bone tissue and blood vessels. In this paper, a large number of the relevant research papers on the additive manufacturing and its application in medical specifically orthopaedics are identified through Scopus had been studied using Bibliometric analysis and application analysis is undertaken. The bibliometric analysis shows that there is an increasing trend in the research reports on additive manufacturing applications in the field of orthopaedics. Discussions are on using technological advancement like scanning techniques and various challenges of the orthopaedic being met by additive manufacturing technology. For patient-specific orthopaedic applications, these techniques incorporate clinical practice and use for effective planning. 3D printed models printed by this technology are accepted for orthopaedic surgery such as revision of lumbar discectomy, pelvic surgery and large scapular osteochondroma. The applications of additive manufacturing in orthopaedics will experience a rapid translation in future. An orthopaedic surgeon can convert need/idea into a reality by using computer-aided design (CAD) software, analysis software to facilitate the manufacturing. Thus, AM provides a comprehensive opportunity to manufacture orthopaedic implantable medical devices.

Additive manufacturing applications in cardiology: A review.

BACKGROUND: Additive manufacturing (AM) has emerged as a serious planning, strategy, and education tool in cardiovascular medicine. This review describes and illustrates the application, development and associated limitation of additive manufacturing in the field of cardiology by studying research papers on AM in medicine/cardiology. METHODS: Relevant research papers till August 2018 were identified through Scopus and examined for strength, benefits, limitation, contribution and future potential of AM. With the help of the existing literature & bibliometric analysis, different applications of AM in cardiology are investigated. RESULTS: AM creates an accurate three-dimensional anatomical model to explain, understand and prepare for complex medical procedures. A prior study of patient's 3D heart model can help doctors understand the anatomy of the individual patient, which may also be used create training modules for institutions and surgeons for medical training. CONCLUSION: AM has the potential to be of immense help to the cardiologists and cardiac surgeons for intervention and surgical planning, monitoring and analysis. Additive manufacturing creates a 3D model of the heart of a specific patient in lesser time and cost. This technology is used to create and analyse 3D model before starting actual surgery on the patient. It can improve the treatment outcomes for patients, besides saving their lives. Paper summarised additive manufacturing applications particularly in the area of cardiology, especially manufacturing of a patient-specific artificial heart or its component. Model printed by this technology reduces risk, improves the quality of diagnosis and preoperative planning and also enhanced team communication. In cardiology, patient data of heart varies from patient to patient, so AM technologies efficiently produce 3D models, through converting the predesigned virtual model into a tangible object. Companies explore additive manufacturing for commercial medical applications.