RESUMO
PURPOSE: Total pancreatectomy may improve symptoms in patients with severe end-stage chronic pancreatitis. This might be achieved whilst preserving both the duodenum- and spleen-(DPSPTP). Mature clinical outcomes of this approach are presented. METHODS: Single-centre prospective cohort study performed between September 1996 and May 2016. Demographic, clinical details, pain scores and employment status were prospectively recorded during clinic attendance. RESULTS: Fifty-one patients (33 men, 18 women) with a median (interquartile range) age of 40.8 (35.3-49.4) years, a median weight of 69.8 (61.0-81.5) Kg and a median body mass index of 23.8 (21.5-27.8), underwent intended duodenum-and spleen-preserving near-total pancreatectomy for end-stage chronic pancreatitis. Aetiology was excess alcohol in 25, idiopathic (no mutation) in 15, idiopathic (SPINK-1/CFTR mutations) in two, hereditary (PRSS1 mutation) in seven and one each post-necrotising pancreatitis and obstructive pancreatic duct divisum in 1. The main indication for surgery was severe pain. Findings included parenchymal calcification in 79% and ductal calculi in 24%, a dilated main pancreatic duct in 57% and a dilated main bile duct in 17%, major vascular involvement in 27% and pancreato-peritoneal fistula in 2%. Postoperative complications occurred in 20 patients with two deaths. Median pain scores were 8 (7-8) preoperatively and 3 (0.25-5.75) at 5 years (p = 0.013). Opiate analgesic use was significantly reduced postoperatively (p = 0.048). Following surgery, 22 (63%) of 38 patients of working age re-entered employment compared with 12 (33%) working preoperatively (p = 0.016). CONCLUSION: Duodenum-and spleen-preserving near-total pancreatectomy provided long-term relief in adult patients with intractable chronic pancreatitis pain, with improved employment prospects.
Assuntos
Duodeno/cirurgia , Cuidados Paliativos/métodos , Pancreatectomia/métodos , Pancreatite Crônica/cirurgia , Baço/cirurgia , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pancreatite Crônica/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Deoxycytidylate deaminase (DCTD) and ribonucleotide reductase subunit M1 (RRM1) are potential prognostic and predictive biomarkers for pyrimidine-based chemotherapy in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS: Immunohistochemical staining of DCTD and RRM1 was performed on tissue microarrays representing tumour samples from 303 patients in European Study Group for Pancreatic Cancer (ESPAC)-randomised adjuvant trials following pancreatic resection, 272 of whom had received gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil with folinic acid in ESPAC-3(v2), and 31 patients from the combined ESPAC-3(v1) and ESPAC-1 post-operative pure observational groups. RESULTS: Neither log-rank testing on dichotomised strata or Cox proportional hazard regression showed any relationship of DCTD or RRM1 expression levels to survival overall or by treatment group. CONCLUSIONS: Expression of either DCTD or RRM1 was not prognostic or predictive in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma who had had post-operative chemotherapy with either gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil with folinic acid.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/tratamento farmacológico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , DCMP Desaminase/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Proteínas Supressoras de Tumor/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/metabolismo , Adenocarcinoma/mortalidade , Adenocarcinoma/cirurgia , Adulto , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Quimioterapia Adjuvante , Intervalo Livre de Doença , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Pancreatectomia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Prognóstico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Ribonucleosídeo Difosfato Redutase , Análise Serial de TecidosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) tumour expression may provide added value to human equilibrative nucleoside transporter-1 (hENT1) tumour expression in predicting survival following pyrimidine-based adjuvant chemotherapy. METHODS: DPD and hENT1 immunohistochemistry and scoring was completed on tumour cores from 238 patients with pancreatic cancer in the ESPAC-3(v2) trial, randomised to either postoperative gemcitabine or 5-fluorouracil/folinic acid (5FU/FA). RESULTS: DPD tumour expression was associated with reduced overall survival (hazard ratio, HR = 1.73 [95% confidence interval, CI = 1.21-2.49], p = 0.003). This was significant in the 5FU/FA arm (HR = 2.07 [95% CI = 1.22-3.53], p = 0.007), but not in the gemcitabine arm (HR = 1.47 [0.91-3.37], p = 0.119). High hENT1 tumour expression was associated with increased survival in gemcitabine treated (HR = 0.56 [0.38-0.82], p = 0.003) but not in 5FU/FA treated patients (HR = 1.19 [0.80-1.78], p = 0.390). In patients with low hENT1 tumour expression, high DPD tumour expression was associated with a worse median [95% CI] survival in the 5FU/FA arm (9.7 [5.3-30.4] vs 29.2 [19.5-41.9] months, p = 0.002) but not in the gemcitabine arm (14.0 [9.1-15.7] vs. 18.0 [7.6-15.3] months, p = 1.000). The interaction of treatment arm and DPD expression was not significant (p = 0.303), but the interaction of treatment arm and hENT1 expression was (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: DPD tumour expression was a negative prognostic biomarker. Together with tumour expression of hENT1, DPD tumour expression defined patient subgroups that might benefit from either postoperative 5FU/FA or gemcitabine.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/diagnóstico , Di-Hidrouracila Desidrogenase (NADP)/metabolismo , Transportador Equilibrativo 1 de Nucleosídeo/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/metabolismo , Carcinoma Ductal Pancreático/mortalidade , Desoxicitidina/administração & dosagem , Desoxicitidina/análogos & derivados , Feminino , Fluoruracila/administração & dosagem , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Leucovorina/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/mortalidade , Prognóstico , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Análise de Sobrevida , Análise Serial de Tecidos , GencitabinaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopy with laparoscopic ultrasonography (L-LUS) may be useful in the selection of patients for surgery to resect peripancreatic malignancy in addition to contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT). The present prospective study assessed the strategy of using carbohydrate antigen 19.9 (CA19.9) levels to select patients for L-LUS. METHODS: Patients with suspected peripancreatic malignancy that appeared resectable on CE-CT were selected for immediate surgery if CA19.9 was low (up to 150 kU/l, or up to 300 kU/l if serum bilirubin was above 35 micromol/l), or to L-LUS if CA19.9 was high (over 150 kU/l, or over 300 kU/l if serum bilirubin was above 35 micromol/l). Data were assessed to determine the clinical utility of this strategy. RESULTS: A total of 94 patients went straight to surgery, of whom 65 proved resectable: 63 of 80 with a low CA19.9 level but only two of 14 with a high CA19.9 level and gastric outlet obstruction. From 55 patients with high CA19.9 levels, L-LUS correctly identified 26 of 31 resectable tumours and eight of 24 unresectable tumours. CONCLUSION: Using CA19.9 levels to help select patients with pancreatic malignancy for immediate surgery or L-LUS for further assessment of resectability effectively increased resection rates and reduced unnecessary laparotomies.
Assuntos
Antígeno CA-19-9/metabolismo , Laparoscopia/métodos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Seleção de Pacientes , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/sangue , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Estudos Prospectivos , Ultrassonografia de Intervenção/métodosRESUMO
Pancreatic cancer is a common cause of cancer death in the developed world. Currently, resection is the only chance of long-term survival. The post-operative mortality in nonspecialist centres often exceeds 20% but is around 6% or less in specialist centres. The overall complication rate even in specialist centres is 18-54%. An analysis of eleven large series of pancreatic resections shows an incidence of common complications of 10.4% for fistula, 9.9% for delayed gastric emptying, 4.8% for bleeding, 4.8% for wound infection and 3.8% for intra-abdominal abscess. The median hospital stay is 13-18 days in different series. The re-operation rate varies from 4 to 9% with a mortality rate of 23 to 67%. Major complications are a significant factor in post-operative mortality, especially if they require re-operation. The use of octreotide or somatostatin to prevent complications is supported by several multicentre, double-blind, randomized controlled trials. The best way to improve outcome is to concentrate pancreatic cancer care in regional specialist centres.
Assuntos
Pancreatectomia/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/cirurgia , Anastomose Cirúrgica , Esvaziamento Gástrico , Fármacos Gastrointestinais/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Tempo de Internação , Octreotida/uso terapêutico , Fístula Pancreática/etiologia , Fístula Pancreática/terapia , Reoperação , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Oesophageal intubation remains one of the principal methods of palliation for an obstructing oesophageal carcinoma. We present a case which illustrates a rare but fatal complication of this procedure. METHODS: A 60-year-old female with oesophageal cancer presented with total dysphagia 9 months following insertion of a Celestin tube for palliation. Oesophagoscopy revealed a bolus obstruction which was successfully cleared. Two days later she developed generalised peritonitis and subsequently died. RESULTS: A post-mortem examination demonstrated fragmentation and displacement of the distal part of the Celestin tube resulting in perforation of the small bowel. CONCLUSION: Celestin tube disintegration is a risk associated with long-term use, and routine replacement is indicated in patients with a prolonged survival to avoid this complication.
Assuntos
Estenose Esofágica/terapia , Perfuração Intestinal/etiologia , Intubação/instrumentação , Cuidados Paliativos , Falha de Equipamento , Neoplasias Esofágicas/terapia , Estenose Esofágica/etiologia , Esôfago , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Humanos , Intestino Delgado/lesões , Intubação/efeitos adversos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peritonite/etiologiaRESUMO
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma is one of the most common causes of cancer death in the developed world. Long-term survival is currently only achieved through surgical resection. Most patients have locally advanced or metastatic disease at the time of diagnosis and are therefore not amenable to resection, whilst chemotherapy and radiotherapy are by and large ineffective. Gene therapy offers an alternative to current adjuvant strategies. With approximately two-thirds of all gene therapy trials worldwide directed at cancer, the gene therapy approaches that are currently being explored for pancreatic cancer are specifically examined. Gene delivery systems, genetic targets, and combined gene delivery with chemotherapy are discussed in the context of pancreatic cancer treatment.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/terapia , Terapia Genética , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/terapia , Terapia Combinada , Vetores Genéticos , Humanos , Ductos PancreáticosRESUMO
In this article, we review published research evaluating the effectiveness of preparation interventions for adult patients undergoing surgery or invasive medical procedures. This review is meant to assist practitioners in selecting or designing an intervention. In general, preparation interventions have been shown to be effective across a range of health outcomes. However, the relative efficacy of different strategies has been difficult to assess, as has the contribution of several patient variables to outcome. Considering interventions used prior to surgery, there is not a clear demonstration of effectiveness, in part because large numbers of outcome variables have been used. In contrast, the preparation intervention literature using adult patients facing invasive medical procedures has shown the relative superiority of modeling procedures and coping strategies. In this review, we consider methodological weaknesses in previous research, and make suggestions for improving future research.