Five-Year Cancer Epidemiology at the National Referral Hospital: Hospital-Based Cancer Registry Data in Indonesia.

PURPOSE: In 2016, there were 1,308,061 cases of cancer being treated in Indonesia, with 2.2 trillion rupiahs spent, amounting to $486,960,633 in US dollars (purchasing power parity 2016). The high burden of cancers in Indonesia requires a valid data collection to inform future cancer-related policies. The purpose of this study is to report cancer epidemiological data from 2008 to 2012 based on Hospital-Based Cancer Registry (HBCR) data from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Indonesia. METHODS: This was a descriptive study with cross-sectional design. Data were collected from Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital HBCR 2008-2012. Demographical, diagnostic, stages of cancer, and histopathological types of cancer data were extracted. RESULTS: After screening, 18,216 cases were included. A total of 12,438 patients were older than 39 years of age (68.3%), with a female-to-male ratio of 9:5. Most patients have cancers at advanced stages (stages III and IV, 10.2%). The most common sites of cancer were cervix uteri (2,878 cases, 15.8%), breast (2,459 cases, 13.5%), hematopoietic and reticuloendothelial systems (1,422 cases, 7.8%), nasopharynx (1,338 cases, 7.4%), and lymph nodes (1,104 cases, 6.1%). CONCLUSION: From this HBCR, cancer incidence in female was almost twice the incidence in male, largely because of the burden of cervical and breast cancers. The cervix uteri as one of the top five cancer sites based on this HBCR, 2008-2012, are still approximately consistent with Global Cancer Incidence, Mortality and Prevalence 2018, which portrayed that Indonesia has been severely afflicted by cervical cancer cases more than any other Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries. The HBCR could serve as a robust database of epidemiological data for cancer cases in Indonesia.

Expression of NF-kB and COX2 in colorectal cancer among native Indonesians: the role of inflammation in colorectal carcinogenesis.

AIM: to evaluate the expression of NF-kB and COX2 in native Indonesians with sporadic colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: we conducted a matched-pair case-control study by acquiring both CRC and tumor-adjacent normal tissues from the same subjects. CRC patients who underwent surgery at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta, or Hasan Sadikin Hospital, Bandung, were enrolled in the study. The specimens were immunohistologically stained with antibody directed against p65 (RelA) to assess NF-kB expression and against human COX2 protein to assess COX2 expression. RESULTS: sixty-seven specimens consisting of both CRC and tumor-adjacent normal tissues were analyzed. COX2 expression was positive in 39 CRC tissues (58.2%), but in only 19 tumor-adjacent normal tissues (28.4%; p=0.0002). NF-kB expression was positive in 47 CRC tissues (70.1%), but in only 27 tumor-adjacent normal tissues (40.3%; p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: inflammation plays a role in the carcinogenesis of sporadic CRC in native Indonesians. This support potential use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs as chemopreventive agents for CRC.