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1.
J Nutr ; 152(3): 805-815, 2022 03 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34791367

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Examining a variety of diet quality methodologies will inform best practice use of diet quality indices for assessing all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between 3 diet quality indices (Australian Dietary Guideline Index, DGI; Dietary Inflammatory Index, DII; Mediterranean-DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, MIND) and risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and nonfatal CVD events ≤19 y later. METHODS: Data on 10,009 adults (mean age 51.8 y; 52% female) from the Australian Diabetes, Obesity, and Lifestyle study were used. An FFQ was used to calculate DGI, DII, and MIND at baseline. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate HRs and 95% CI of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality, and nonfatal CVD events (stroke; myocardial infarction) according to 1 SD increase in diet quality, adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, physical activity, energy intake, history of stroke or heart attack, and diabetes and hypertension status. RESULTS: Deaths due to all-cause (n = 1955) and CVD (n = 520), and nonfatal CVD events (n = 264) were identified during mean follow-ups of 17.7, 17.4, and 9.6 y, respectively. For all-cause mortality, HRs associated with higher DGI, DII, and MIND were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99), 1.08 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.15), and 0.93 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.98), respectively. For CVD mortality, HRs associated with higher DGI, DII, and MIND were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.85, 0.99), 1.10 (95% CI: 1.00, 1.24), and 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82, 0.98), respectively. There was limited evidence of associations between diet quality and nonfatal CVD events. CONCLUSIONS: A better quality diet predicted lower risk of all-cause and CVD mortality in Australian adults, whereas a more inflammatory diet predicted higher mortality risk. These findings highlight the applicability of following Australian dietary guidelines, a Mediterranean-style diet, and a low-inflammatory diet for the reduction of all-cause and CVD mortality risk.


Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus , Dieta Mediterrânea , Acidente Vascular Cerebral , Adulto , Austrália/epidemiologia , Dieta , Feminino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Obesidade , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
2.
Eur J Nutr ; 60(7): 4093-4106, 2021 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33991227

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Chronic low-grade inflammation is implicated in many of the diseases of ageing. Lifestyle factors, including diet may alter low-grade inflammation. This study aimed to assess cross-sectional associations between the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) score and the inflammatory marker C-reactive protein (CRP); and determine if any association differs according to age (< 50 vs ≥ 50 years). METHODS: DII scores were calculated for respondents of the Australian Health Survey 2011-2012 using data from two 24-h recalls. Serum CRP was measured using ultrasensitive immunoturbidimetric assay. Associations between DII and CRP were assessed using multivariate linear regression adjusting for confounders (age education, physical activity, sex and smoking). Associations were assessed for the whole cohort and stratified at age 50 years. RESULTS: The analysis included 2558 respondents with a mean BMI of 26.8 kg/m2 (< 50 years n = 1099; ≥ 50 years n = 1459). Respondents in the lowest DII quartile (anti-inflammatory diet) reportedly consumed more grains, vegetables and legumes, fruit, milk products, meat, poultry, fish and eggs, unsaturated oils and alcohol compared to respondents in DII quartile 4. No associations were seen between DII and CRP after adjustment for confounders in the whole cohort or when stratified < 50 or ≥ 50 years. CONCLUSIONS: The DII was not associated with CRP in this cross-sectional study. Inflammation is complex characterised by a cascade of the multiple inflammatory markers and understanding the temporal relationship between diet and the inflammatory process is an important area for future research.


Assuntos
Proteína C-Reativa , Dieta , Adulto , Austrália/epidemiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Inflamação/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco
4.
Bioconjug Chem ; 14(5): 927-33, 2003.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-13129395

RESUMO

One of the limitations of therapy with radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is that significant toxicities can arise from circulating non-tumor-bound radiolabeled conjugate. Here, we describe a new method to reduce systemic radiation exposure from radiolabeled mAbs involving the attachment of the radioisotope through a linker that can be cleaved by an administered enzyme. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach, we prepared a conditionally cleavable radioimmunoconjugate (RIC) composed of (131)I-labeled cephalosporin conjugated to Tositumomab, a mAb against the CD20 antigen. The cleavable RIC bound antigen identically to directly iodinated antibody, and in the presence of beta-lactamase, about 80-85% of the radioisotope was released. In vivo studies in mice revealed that the cleavable RIC and the directly iodinated anti-CD20 antibody had similar biodistribution patterns. Systemically administered beta-lactamase induced a 2-3-fold decrease in the percent injected dose (ID) of the cleavable RIC/g of blood, marrow, spleen, lung, and liver 1 h after enzyme treatment, and a 4-6-fold decrease 20 h after enzyme treatment. This was accompanied by a 20-fold increase in % ID/g in urine 1 h after enzyme treatment, indicating that the released radiolabel was rapidly excreted through the kidneys. In mice with human tumor xenografts, there was no decrease in the %ID/g in tumor 1 h after enzyme treatment, but by 4 h after enzyme injection, decreases in tumor radioactive content began to diminish the targeting advantage. These studies demonstrate that the cleavable RIC substrate is able to bind to tumor antigens and localize within human tumor xenografts and that accelerated systemic clearance can be induced with beta-lactamase.


Assuntos
Imunoconjugados/química , Imunoconjugados/farmacocinética , Radioisótopos/química , Radioisótopos/farmacocinética , Animais , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Humanos , Imunoconjugados/uso terapêutico , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos NOD , Camundongos SCID , Radioisótopos/uso terapêutico , Distribuição Tecidual/fisiologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto/métodos
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