RESUMO
There are few reports of naturally occurring muscular dystrophy in domestic animals. Herein, we describe a case of muscular dystrophy in a 4-year-old neutered male American domestic shorthair cat that died unexpectedly following anesthesia for an elective surgical procedure. Macroscopic muscular hypertrophy and histologic evidence of myofiber size variation, mineralization, myofiber degeneration, and necrosis were compatible with a diagnosis of muscular dystrophy. Extensive endomysial fibrosis was noted histologically in the diaphragm. A complete absence of dystrophin protein in Western blot confirmed the diagnosis of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed reduced levels of dystrophin-associated proteins and an upregulation of utrophin at the sarcolemma. Anesthetic deaths can occur in dystrophin-deficient cats, and therefore muscular dystrophy and the associated cardiomyopathy should be considered in the differential diagnoses for perianesthetic death in cats.
Assuntos
Anestesia/veterinária , Calcinose/veterinária , Coristoma/veterinária , Doenças Musculares/veterinária , Anestesia/efeitos adversos , Animais , Calcinose/patologia , Cardiomiopatias/patologia , Cardiomiopatias/veterinária , Gatos , Coristoma/patologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Distrofina/metabolismo , Evolução Fatal , Masculino , Microscopia de Fluorescência/veterinária , Doenças Musculares/patologia , Distrofia Muscular Animal , Necrose/veterinária , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
A 6-year-old, neutered male Labrador Retriever was diagnosed with congestive heart failure, and an echocardiogram revealed a large mass inside the pericardial sac associated with the left ventricle. At necropsy, the dog had marked ascites, mild hydrothorax, marked hydropericardium, and an 11.0 x 7.0 x 6.0 cm, tan and red, firm, well-demarcated mass attached to the left ventricular free wall. The mass was diagnosed as a fibrosarcoma based on the morphologic appearance and supportive immunohistochemical staining. To our knowledge, this is the first case report of a primary fibrosarcoma involving the left ventricular free wall myocardium, epicardium, and pericardium with a pulmonary metastasis in a dog.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Fibrossarcoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Cardíacas/veterinária , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária , Animais , Cães , Fibrossarcoma/patologia , Neoplasias Cardíacas/patologia , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , MasculinoRESUMO
The purpose of the study reported here was to determine the effect of three methods of fixation of skeletal muscle biopsy specimens on the histopathologic appearance of muscle sections and to determine criteria that were most consistently associated with a diagnosis of polysaccharide storage myopathy (PSSM) in horses. Surgically excised semimembranosus muscle biopsy specimens were obtained from nine horses previously diagnosed with PSSM and from 15 control horses. Portions of each specimen were fixed in formalin, frozen immediately, and chilled for 24 hours prior to freezing. Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE), periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), and amylase-PAS were scored for histopathologic criteria by three investigators blinded to the sample origin. The presence of amylase-resistant, abnormal polysaccharide was found to be the most sensitive and specific diagnostic indicator for PSSM, and was readily detected regardless of the fixation technique or investigator. Other less-specific features associated with PSSM included atrophy and cytoplasmic and subsarcolemmal vacuoles; however, their histologic scores varied among fixation technique and investigators. Scores for subsarcolemmal and cytoplasmic amylase-sensitive glycogen in horses with PSSM were similar to those for control horses and varied among fixation techniques. In conclusion, PSSM is most accurately diagnosed in muscle biopsy specimens on the basis of appearance of amylase-resistant, abnormal polysaccharide, not amylase-sensitive glycogen, regardless of fixation technique. In general, frozen sections appeared to be better suited for studying myopathies because many histopathologic features of skeletal muscle were obscured by formalin fixation.
Assuntos
Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Cavalos , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Doenças Musculares/veterinária , Polissacarídeos/metabolismo , Fixação de Tecidos/veterinária , Animais , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/diagnóstico , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/patologia , Doenças Musculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Musculares/patologia , Fixação de Tecidos/métodosRESUMO
Three Rottweilers with marked peripheral eosinophilia and infiltration of the liver, spleen, lungs, and bone marrow with eosinophils were diagnosed with idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome (IHES). Mean serum immunoglobulin E concentrations were markedly high. On cytogenetic analysis, no evidence of karyotypic abnormalities was found in bone marrow aspirates. Despite an extensive search, no underlying cause for the eosinophilia could be identified. In this study, cytogenetic analysis and measurement of serum IgE concentrations were used to differentiate IHES and eosinophilic leukemia.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Síndrome Hipereosinofílica/veterinária , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Feminino , Síndrome Hipereosinofílica/diagnóstico , Imunoglobulina E/sangue , Cariotipagem , MasculinoRESUMO
A 2.5-year-old female Thoroughbred was examined because of lethargy, anorexia, and weight loss. Analysis of a CBC revealed erythrocytosis and an increase in PCV. Serum biochemical analysis revealed increases in activities of several hepatic enzymes. Ultrasonography revealed hepatomegaly and a heterogeneous appearance of the hepatic parenchyma. The horse did not improve despite supportive care, and it was euthanatized. Necropsy revealed numerous raised white to gray foci in the liver. Histologically, these foci consisted of neoplastic cells that resembled fetal hepatocytes, embryonal-type cells, and cells with features intermediate between those 2 cell types. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that hepatocytes stained strongly with anti-alpha-fetoprotein. On the basis of these results, hepatoblastoma was diagnosed. Diagnosis of hepatoblastoma is difficult, because it can appear histologically similar to other hepatic tumors, such as hepatocellular carcinomas. Definitive diagnosis requires histologic evaluation of tumor architecture and cell morphology. Immunohistochemical staining for alpha-fetoprotein in tumor cells may serve as a tumor marker but is not pathognomonic of hepatoblastoma. Paraneoplastic syndromes, such as erythrocytosis, can accompany hepatoblastoma. The prognosis for horses with hepatoblastoma is grave.
Assuntos
Hepatoblastoma/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/veterinária , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/veterinária , Policitemia/veterinária , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Evolução Fatal , Feminino , Hepatoblastoma/diagnóstico , Cavalos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Síndromes Paraneoplásicas/etiologia , Policitemia/etiologia , PrognósticoAssuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Leiomiossarcoma/veterinária , Neoplasias da Próstata/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antineoplásicos/análise , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Cães , Leiomiossarcoma/imunologia , Leiomiossarcoma/patologia , Masculino , Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/imunologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and toxicity of 2 multiagent chemotherapeutic protocols similar in all respects except that 1 incorporated dactinomycin and the other incorporated doxorubicin for treatment of dogs with malignant lymphoma. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. ANIMALS: 45 dogs with malignant lymphoma. PROCEDURE: Dogs were randomly assigned to a doxorubicin or dactinomycin treatment group. Time to first remission, duration of first remission, survival time, and prevalence of toxicoses, particularly number of episodes of dose-limiting neutropenia and gastrointestinal toxicoses, were compared between groups. RESULTS: 37 dogs received at least 1 dose of doxorubicin (21 dogs) or dactinomycin (16). Median time to first remission was not significantly different between groups, but median duration of first remission and median survival time were significantly longer for dogs in the doxorubicin treatment group than for dogs in the dactinomycin treatment group. Number of dogs that died, number of episodes of dose-limiting neutropenia, and number of episodes of gastrointestinal toxicoses were not significantly different between groups. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: A multiagent chemotherapeutic protocol incorporating doxorubicin was significantly more effective in dogs with malignant lymphoma than a similar protocol incorporating dactinomycin. Despite the lower cost and lack of cardiotoxicity, dactinomycin is not an equivalent substitute for doxorubicin in the initial treatment of dogs with malignant lymphoma.
Assuntos
Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Antineoplásicos/uso terapêutico , Dactinomicina/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Cão/tratamento farmacológico , Doxorrubicina/uso terapêutico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/veterinária , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Dactinomicina/efeitos adversos , Doenças do Cão/induzido quimicamente , Doenças do Cão/mortalidade , Cães , Método Duplo-Cego , Doxorrubicina/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Gastroenteropatias/induzido quimicamente , Gastroenteropatias/veterinária , Linfoma não Hodgkin/tratamento farmacológico , Linfoma não Hodgkin/mortalidade , Masculino , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Neutropenia/veterinária , Indução de Remissão , Análise de Sobrevida , Fatores de TempoAssuntos
Doenças do Cão/etiologia , Doenças dos Primatas/etiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/etiologia , Envelhecimento/patologia , Animais , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Doenças do Cão/terapia , Cães , Humanos , Masculino , Doenças dos Primatas/diagnóstico , Doenças dos Primatas/terapia , Hiperplasia Prostática/etiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/terapiaRESUMO
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is the most likely precursor of human prostate cancer. The prevalence and immunophenotype of PIN in dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer has not been previously described. To investigate the association between PIN and prostate cancer, we evaluated the prostates of dogs with spontaneous prostate carcinoma. The prevalence of PIN was determined in formalin-fixed prostates from 29 dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer. Using immunoperoxidase techniques, we compared basal cell layer integrity (high molecular weight keratin 34 beta-E12), proliferative index (MIB-1), and microvessel density (Factor VIII-related antigen) in 14 prostates which contained benign epithelium, PIN, and carcinoma. PIN was present in 19 of 29 (66%) prostates from dogs with spontaneous prostate cancer. The basal cell layer was intact in benign epithelium, disrupted in 72% of acini with PIN, and absent in carcinoma. The mean proliferative index was 17%, 25%, and 40% for benign epithelium, PIN, and carcinoma, respectively, and these differences were significant. The mean microvessel density in foci of PIN and carcinoma (32 and 39 vessels per mm2, respectively) was greater than in benign epithelium (23 vessels per mm2). High-grade PIN is common in the prostates of dogs with spontaneous carcinoma. The basal cell layer is partially disrupted in PIN, whereas it is absent in prostate cancer. The proliferative index and microvessel density of PIN are intermediate between benign epithelium and cancer. These results are similar to those reported for human PIN and prostate cancer, and indicate that PIN is part of a morphologic continuum in the progression of prostate cancer. To our knowledge, this is the first description of high-grade PIN spontaneously occurring in animals. The canine prostate may serve as a useful model for examining factors that modulate PIN and prostate cancer progression.
Assuntos
Carcinoma in Situ/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/veterinária , Neoplasias da Próstata/veterinária , Animais , Carcinoma in Situ/epidemiologia , Carcinoma in Situ/patologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Cães , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas/veterinária , Imunofenotipagem/veterinária , Masculino , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/epidemiologia , Lesões Pré-Cancerosas/patologia , Prevalência , Neoplasias da Próstata/epidemiologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologiaAssuntos
Doenças do Cão , Gastrinoma/veterinária , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/veterinária , Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison/veterinária , Animais , Cães , Duodeno/patologia , Mucosa Gástrica/patologia , Gastrinoma/metabolismo , Gastrinoma/patologia , Gastrinas/metabolismo , Mucosa Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Necrose , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Síndrome de Zollinger-Ellison/patologiaRESUMO
Our studies confirm the common occurrence of a unique form of apolipoprotein AI (apoAI)-derived vascular amyloidosis in dogs that appears to be unrelated to other disease conditions, but is associated with aging. Vascular amyloid deposits were most frequently located within the intima and media of medium-sized pulmonary arteries, and were not confirmed in any other tissues. Pulmonary vascular amyloid immunoreactive with antiserum to purified N-terminal (1-71) canine apoAI amyloid protein was demonstrated retrospectively in 12.8% of necropsied dogs (N = 243) 10 years of age or older. In a subsequent expanded 1-year prospective study of necropsied dogs (N = 231) of all ages, apoAI-derived pulmonary vascular amyloid deposits were demonstrated in 0.7% of dogs < 10 years of age and in 22% of dogs 10 years of age or older. The incidence of this form of amyloid in dogs 10 years of age or older was significantly associated with advancing age (P < 0.00001). However, significant differences regarding gender, breed, or the frequency of selected common disease conditions were not observed when the dogs with apoAI-derived amyloid were compared with control dogs. The possibility that this new form of senile apoAI-derived amyloidosis is a manifestation of an age-associated aberration in apoAI metabolism or is related to a mutant form of apoAI is the subject of ongoing investigations.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/patologia , Amiloide/isolamento & purificação , Amiloidose/patologia , Apolipoproteína A-I/efeitos adversos , Artéria Pulmonar/patologia , Veias Pulmonares/patologia , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Amiloidose/epidemiologia , Amiloidose/fisiopatologia , Animais , Cruzamento , Cães , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Especificidade de Órgãos , Estudos Prospectivos , Artéria Pulmonar/química , Veias Pulmonares/química , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
Serum and seminal plasma concentrations or activities of acid phosphatase (AP), prostate specific antigen (PSA), and canine prostate specific esterase (CPSE) were measured in normal dogs, dogs with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), dogs with bacterial prostatitis, and dogs with prostatic carcinoma to determine if these assays would be of value in differentiating dogs with prostatic carcinoma from normal dogs, and dogs with other prostatic disorders. In addition, tissue sections of prostatic adenocarcinomas were stained with antiprostatic AP, anti-CPSE, and anti-PSA antibodies to determine if these would be suitable immunohistochemical markers of prostatic carcinoma. Prostate-specific antigen was not detected in canine serum or seminal plasma. Serum and seminal AP activities did not differ significantly between normal dogs and those with prostatic diseases, or among dogs with different prostatic disorders. Serum CPSE activities were significantly higher in dogs with BPH than in normal dogs. Mean serum CPSE activities in dogs with BPH, bacterial prostatitis, and prostatic carcinoma were not significantly different from each other. Slight to moderate immunohistochemical staining of canine prostatic adenocarcinomas was noted for prostatic AP and PSA; most tumors did not stain for CPSE. These results show that proteins of prostatic origin appear in the serum of dogs as a result of prostatic pathology, especially BPH. Canine prostatic adenocarcinoma does not appear to be associated with significant increases in CPSE or AP activities, possibly because of down-regulation of these enzymes by prostatic carcinoma cells. It is also possible that failure to detect significant differences resulted from limited statistical power for some groups and pairwise analyses because of the small number of dogs evaluated.
Assuntos
Fosfatase Ácida/metabolismo , Doenças do Cão/diagnóstico , Esterases/metabolismo , Antígeno Prostático Específico/análise , Doenças Prostáticas/veterinária , Análise de Variância , Animais , Biomarcadores , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Cão/enzimologia , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Cães , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Masculino , Doenças Prostáticas/diagnóstico , Doenças Prostáticas/enzimologia , Doenças Prostáticas/microbiologia , Hiperplasia Prostática/diagnóstico , Hiperplasia Prostática/veterinária , Neoplasias da Próstata/diagnóstico , Neoplasias da Próstata/veterináriaRESUMO
We propose a molecular mechanism of force generation in muscle, based primarily on site-specific spectroscopic probe studies of myosin heads in contracting muscle fibers and myofibrils. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and time-resolved phosphorescence anisotropy (TPA) of probes attached to SH1 (Cys 707, in the catalytic domain of the head) have consistently shown that most myosin heads in contracting muscle are dynamically disordered, undergoing large-amplitude rotations in the microsecond time range. Some of these disordered heads are bound to actin, especially in the early (weak-binding, preforce) phase of the ATPase cycle. The small ordered population (10-20%) is rigidly oriented precisely as in rigor, with no other distinct angle observed in contraction or in the presence of intermediate states trapped by nucleotide analogs. These results are not consistent with the classical model in which the entire head undergoes a 45 degree transition between two distinct orientations. Therefore, it has been proposed that the catalytic domain of the myosin head has only one stereospecific (rigor-like) actin-binding angle, and that the head's internal structure changes during force generation, causing the distal light-chain-binding domain to rotate. To test this model, we have performed EPR and TPA studies of probes attached to regulatory light chains (RLCs) in rabbit and scallop myofibrils and fibers. The RLC results confirm the predominance of dynamic (microsecond) rotational disorder in both relaxation and contraction, and show that the different mechanisms of calcium regulation in the two muscles produce different rotational dynamics. In rabbit myofibrils, RLC probes are more dynamically disordered than SH1 probes, especially in rigor and contraction,indicating that the light-chain-binding domain undergoes rotational motions relative to the catalytic domain when myosin heads interact with actin. An SH1-bound spin label, which is sensitive to myosin's internal dynamics, resolves three distinct conformations during contraction, and time-resolved EPR shows that these transitions are coupled to specific steps in the ATPase cycle. We propose that force is generated during contraction by a disorder-to-order transition, in which myosin heads first attach weakly to actin in a nonstereospecific mode characterized by large-scale dynamic disorder, then undergo at least two conformational transitions involving large-scale structural (rotational) changes within the head, culminating in a highly ordered strong-binding state that bears force.
Assuntos
Miosinas/química , Trifosfato de Adenosina/metabolismo , Animais , Anisotropia , Sítios de Ligação , Fenômenos Biofísicos , Biofísica , Espectroscopia de Ressonância de Spin Eletrônica , Hidrólise , Técnicas In Vitro , Modelos Biológicos , Estrutura Molecular , Moluscos , Contração Muscular/fisiologia , Miosinas/fisiologia , Conformação Proteica , CoelhosRESUMO
Diagnosis of malignant histiocytosis (MH), a disorder characterized by systemic proliferation of morphologically atypical histiocytes and their precursors, in an 8-year-old neutered female Golden Retriever was based on light and electron microscopic and immunohistochemical findings. Clinically, the dog presented with unilateral forelimb lameness. Eight days after surgical exploration of a swollen brachium, the dog developed sudden onset of posterior paresis, fecal and urinary incontinence, and a flaccid tail. Necropsy revealed infiltrative and nodular lesions in the right forelimb and regional lymph nodes, thoracic and abdominal cavities, and lumbar epidural space. Gross lesions were not found in the lungs or integument. Histopathologic examination showed infiltrates of atypical histiocytes in skeletal muscle, joint, and regional lymph nodes of the right forelimb; intercostal muscle; lung; liver; spleen; pancreas; kidneys; and spinal dura. Most tumor infiltrates were nodular and composed of loosely aggregated cells that were 10-30 microns in diameter with abundant eosinophilic to foamy cytoplasm, had central or eccentric nuclei, and were periodic acid-Schiff negative. Many binucleated cells, multinucleated giant cells, and mitotic figures were seen. Tumor cells contained phagocytosed erythrocytes, mononuclear cells, and some leukocytes. Ultrastructural features of tumor cells included cytoplasmic lipid droplets, lysosomes, and phagolysosomes. Immunohistochemical studies on paraffin-embedded sections showed positive reactivity to human T-cell Ag (clone UCHL-1) and for lysozyme, alpha-1-antitrypsin, and cathespin B. Polyclonal intracellular immunoglobulin reactivity and lectin binding (peanut, soybean, and wheat germ agglutinins and concanavalin A) were also demonstrated. Criteria for diagnosis of malignant histiocytic tumors and differential diagnosis are discussed.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Sarcoma Histiocítico/veterinária , Animais , Cães , Feminino , Sarcoma Histiocítico/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Microscopia Eletrônica/veterináriaRESUMO
The N-terminus of a mutant form of apolipoprotein AI [apoAI] has previously been shown to be the subunit protein of amyloid fibrils in a human kindred with a form of familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP, type III) and in a recently reported kindred with a form of non-neuropathic hereditary amyloidosis. In this study, we demonstrate by amino-acid sequence analysis, that a form of vascular amyloidosis occurring in the lungs of aged dogs is derived from a N-terminal fragment of apoAI and that no amino acid substitution is present in this confirmed sequence. This represents the first documentation of apoAI as a precursor for a form of amyloidosis in animals, and provides the first documentation of apoAI as a precursor for amyloid fibrils in a form of age-associated ("senile") amyloidosis. Secondary structure prediction analysis of the N-terminal regions of normal human and dog apoAI indicated a propensity for beta-pleated sheet conformation, and thus amyloidogenesis, in 40 and 45% of the respective sequences. These results suggest that apoAI (like transthyretin) may serve as an amyloid precursor protein for both familial and senile forms of amyloidosis. ApoAI should, therefore, be considered as a potential amyloid precursor when forms of human senile amyloidosis of unknown origin are evaluated.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/patologia , Amiloidose/patologia , Apolipoproteína A-I/metabolismo , Pneumopatias/patologia , Doenças Vasculares/patologia , Envelhecimento/metabolismo , Sequência de Aminoácidos , Amiloidose/etiologia , Amiloidose/metabolismo , Animais , Apolipoproteína A-I/análise , Apolipoproteína A-I/fisiologia , Vasos Sanguíneos/química , Cães , Eletroforese em Gel de Poliacrilamida , Imuno-Histoquímica , Focalização Isoelétrica , Pneumopatias/diagnóstico , Pneumopatias/metabolismo , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Doenças Vasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Vasculares/metabolismoRESUMO
The medical records of 31 dogs diagnosed with prostatic carcinoma at the teaching hospital between January 1970 and October 1987 were reviewed to determine whether gender status had an effect on the clinical features or biologic behavior of the disease. The only significant difference between sexually intact and castrated dogs was increased prevalence of pulmonary metastasis in castrated dogs.
Assuntos
Adenocarcinoma/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Orquiectomia/veterinária , Neoplasias da Próstata/veterinária , Adenocarcinoma/patologia , Adenocarcinoma/secundário , Animais , Cães , Neoplasias Pulmonares/secundário , Neoplasias Pulmonares/veterinária , Masculino , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Intramedullary spinal cord metastasis (ISCM) was diagnosed in three dogs with signs of myelopathy. The clinicopathologic features of ISCM in these and previously reported cases in the veterinary and human literature were compared. Myelopathic signs associated with ISCM may be the initial clinical manifestation of malignancy or may develop in the patient with known malignancy. Pain, a frequent manifestation of extradural compressive myelopathy, is not a consistent feature of ISCM. Survey spinal radiographs are usually unrewarding and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) abnormalities nonspecific. Myelography is indicated to differentiate intramedullary lesions from more common extradural compressive lesions. Myelographic interpretation may be difficult, and intramedullary tumors must be differentiated from spinal cord edema or hemorrhage. Evidence of widely disseminated malignancy should increase suspicion for ISCM; hemangiosarcoma and lymphosarcoma should be considered the most likely histologic types. CSF cytology may be helpful in the diagnosis of patients with lymphosarcoma. Prognosis is poor due to the frequent presence of disseminated disease, although temporary response to corticosteroid therapy may be achieved. More aggressive therapeutic approaches, such as spinal irradiation and microsurgical resection of metastases, have been advocated in humans but have not been reported in the dog. Although it is an uncommon complication of systemic malignancy, ISCM should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myelopathy in the dog.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/patologia , Hemangiossarcoma/veterinária , Linfoma não Hodgkin/veterinária , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/veterinária , Animais , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Cães , Feminino , Hemangiossarcoma/patologia , Hemangiossarcoma/secundário , Linfoma não Hodgkin/patologia , Masculino , Mielografia/veterinária , Prognóstico , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/patologia , Neoplasias da Medula Espinal/secundárioRESUMO
Hypercalcemia was identified in 2 cats with squamous cell carcinomas. One cat was referred because of multiple cutaneous tumors; the second cat had metastatic disease from an oral squamous cell carcinoma. In both cats, serum immunoreactive midmolecule parathyroid hormone concentration was within the range determined for clinically normal cats. The high serum calcium concentration in these cats may have resulted from the neoplastic disease, as evidenced by the reduction in serum calcium concentration after decrease in tumor size in response to treatment, and by failure to identify other known causes of hypercalcemia.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/veterinária , Doenças do Gato , Hipercalcemia/sangue , Neoplasias Bucais/veterinária , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Animais , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/sangue , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Gatos , Feminino , Hipercalcemia/etiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/sangue , Neoplasias Bucais/complicações , Neoplasias Cutâneas/sangue , Neoplasias Cutâneas/complicaçõesRESUMO
A retrospective analysis of 85 dogs with hemangiosarcoma (HSA) that underwent complete necropsy, including gross examination of the brain, was conducted. Grossly identifiable intracranial lesions were present in 17 dogs. Twelve of 85 dogs (14.2%) had brain metastases. Four of 85 dogs (4.7%) had hemorrhagic lesions and/or ischemic necrosis without identifiable tumor. One dog had a primary central nervous system tumor. Signs of intracranial disease were present in six of 85 dogs (7.1%) with HSA; four had brain metastases and two had nonneoplastic lesions. Metastases had a propensity for cerebrum and gray matter. Dogs with brain metastases had more widely disseminated disease than dogs without brain metastases (P less than 0.001). Dogs with pulmonary metastases were at greater risk for developing brain metastases than dogs without pulmonary metastases (odds ratio = 8.31). Although thoracic radiography accurately identified ten of 12 dogs (83%) with pulmonary metastases, too few cases were available to assess the applicability/accuracy of thoracic radiography in predicting the presence or absence of brain metastases in dogs with malignancy and signs of intracranial disease.